{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:45:17Z","timestamp":1792806317612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical treatment of orbital lesions is challenging because complex approaches with a high risk of postoperative sequelae are required. Recently, minimally invasive endoscopic approaches through endonasal (EEA) and transpalpebral (ETP) routes have been proposed. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of EEA and ETP in the authors\u2019 series of patients with orbital lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from all patients who underwent operations for an orbital tumor through an endoscopic approach at the authors\u2019 institution from 2002 to 2018 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent preoperative MRI and ophthalmological evaluation, which was repeated 3 months after surgery and then at regular follow-up intervals. A systematic review of the literature was also performed using Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The series includes 23 patients (14 males); the mean patient age was 48 \u00b1 23.9 years. Most of the lesions were intraconal (n = 19, 83%). The more frequent histotype was cavernous hemangioma (n = 5, 22%). Exophthalmos was the most common symptom (21 of 23 patients). EEA was performed in 16 cases (70%) and ETP in 7 (30%). The aim of the surgery was achieved in 94% of the cases after an EEA (successful biopsy in 5 of 6 cases and radical resection in all 10 remaining patients), and in 86% after an ETP (successful biopsy in 2 cases and radical tumor resection in 4 of 5 cases). Complications consisted of 3 cases (13%) of transitory diplopia. One recurrence (4%) was observed at follow-up (mean 59 \u00b1 55 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EEA and ETP have demonstrated to be safe and effective for tumors located respectively in medial and lateral quadrants, permitting one to approach orbital lesions endoscopically at 360\u00b0. Innovative surgical tools, including intraoperative ultrasonography, may be useful to potentially reduce surgical morbidity. Larger series are needed to validate these preliminary suggestions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.10.jns192138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T20:12:15Z","timestamp":1578082335000},"page":"608-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Endoscopic approaches to orbital lesions: case series and systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Zoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases, Pituitary Unit, and"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Sollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Bellaria Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Milanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"La Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases, Pituitary Unit, and"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Rustici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Guaraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases, Pituitary Unit, and"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Asioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology \u2018M. Malpighi\u2019 at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna);"},{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Bellaria Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Mazzatenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases, Pituitary Unit, and"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"812.e13","article-title":"Embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus through percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture of the facial vein","volume":"99","author":"Alexandre AM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alexandre AM, Visconti E, Lozupone E, D\u2019Argento F, Pedicelli A: Embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus through percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture of the facial vein. 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