{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:24:18Z","timestamp":1794018258116,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of single-target nuclei has produced remarkable functional outcomes in a number of movement disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. While these benefits are well established, DBS efficacy and strategy for unusual, unclassified movement disorder syndromes is less clear. A strategy of dual pallidal and thalamic electrode placement is a rational approach in such cases where there is profound, medically refractory functional impairment. The authors report a series of such cases: midbrain cavernoma hemorrhage with olivary hypertrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia-like disorder of probable genetic origin, Holmes tremor secondary to brainstem stroke, and hemiballismus due to traumatic thalamic hemorrhage, all treated by dual pallidal and thalamic DBS. All patients demonstrated robust benefit from DBS, maintained in long-term follow-up. This series demonstrates the flexibility and efficacy, but also the limitations, of dual thalamo-pallidal stimulation for managing axial and limb symptoms of tremors, dystonia, chorea, and hemiballismus in patients with complex movement disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.11.jns192224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T20:14:45Z","timestamp":1578082485000},"page":"351-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Multitarget deep brain stimulation for clinically complex movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Tariq","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley L. B.","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"FitzGerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tipu Z.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract (Hoboken)","first-page":"359","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation battery longevity: comparison of monopolar versus bipolar stimulation modes","volume":"3","author":"Almeida L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almeida L, Rawal PV, Ditty B, Smelser BL, Huang H, Okun MS, : Deep brain stimulation battery longevity: comparison of monopolar versus bipolar stimulation modes. 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