{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:19:11Z","timestamp":1792815551420,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is an adaptive, self-reported outcomes assessment tool that utilizes item response theory and computer adaptive testing to efficiently and precisely evaluate symptoms and perceived health status. Efforts to implement and report PROMIS outcomes in spine clinical practice remain limited. The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate the performance and psychometric properties of PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) among patients undergoing spine surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors identified all patients who underwent spine surgery at their institution between 2016 and 2018, and for whom there was retrievable PROMIS data. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize demographics, operative characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes. Assessments were evaluated preoperatively, and postoperatively within 2 months (early), 6 months (intermediate), and up to 2 years (late). Pairwise change scores were calculated to evaluate within-subjects differences and construct responsiveness over time. Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between PROMIS PF and PI domains. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the primary diagnoses of cervical radiculopathy, cervical myelopathy, or lumbar degenerative disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2770 patients (1395 males, 50.4%) were included in the analysis. The mean age at the time of surgery was 57.3 \u00b1 14.4 years. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 7.6 \u00b1 6.2 months. Preoperatively, patients scored an average 15.1 \u00b1 7.4 points below the normative population (mean 50 \u00b1 10 points) in PF, and 15.8 \u00b1 6.8 points above the mean in PI. PROMIS PF required a mean of 4.1 \u00b1 0.6 questions and median 40 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] 29\u201358 seconds) to be completed, which was similar to PI (median 4.3 \u00b1 1.1 questions and 38 seconds [IQR 27\u201359 seconds]). Patients experienced clinically meaningful improvements in PF and PI, which were sustained throughout the postoperative course. PROMIS instruments were able to capture anticipated changes in PF and PI, although to a lesser degree in PF early postoperatively. There was a strong negative correlation between PROMIS PF and PI scores at baseline (Pearson\u2019s r = \u22120.72) and during follow-up appointments (early, intermediate, and late |r| &gt; 0.6, each). Subgroup analysis demonstrated similar results within diagnostic groups compared to the overall cohort. However, the burden of PF limitations and PI was greater within the lumbar spine disease subgroup, compared to patients with cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving care at a tertiary spine surgery outpatient clinic experience significant overall disability and PI, as measured by PROMIS PF and PI computer adaptive tests. PROMIS PF and PI health domains are strongly correlated, responsive to changes over time, and facilitate time-efficient evaluations of perceived health status outcomes in patients undergoing spine surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.spine181237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T03:28:53Z","timestamp":1556335733000},"page":"165-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function and pain interference in spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jawad M.","family":"Khalifeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Dibble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar H.","family":"Hawasli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson Z.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Pain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S93391","article-title":"Minimally important differences for Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain interference for individuals with back pain","volume":"9","author":"Amtmann D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amtmann D, Kim J, Chung H, Askew RL, Park R, Cook KF: Minimally important differences for Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain interference for individuals with back pain. J Pain Res 9:251\u2013255, 201610.2147\/JPR.S9339127175093"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.SPINE17661","article-title":"Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests in cervical spine surgery","volume":"28","author":"Boody BS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boody BS, Bhatt S, Mazmudar AS, Hsu WK, Rothrock NE, Patel AA: Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests in cervical spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 28:268\u2013279, 20182930346810.3171\/2017.7.SPINE17661"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdi031","article-title":"Mode of questionnaire administration can have serious effects on data quality","volume":"27","author":"Bowling A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bowling A: Mode of questionnaire administration can have serious effects on data quality. J Public Health (Oxf) 27:281\u2013291, 200510.1093\/pubmed\/fdi031"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00404","article-title":"PROMIS for orthopaedic outcomes measurement","volume":"24","author":"Brodke DJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brodke DJ, Saltzman CL, Brodke DS: PROMIS for orthopaedic outcomes measurement. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 24:744\u2013749, 20162766139110.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00404"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001965","article-title":"PROMIS PF CAT outperforms the ODI and SF-36 Physical Function domain in spine patients","volume":"42","author":"Brodke DS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brodke DS, Goz V, Voss MW, Lawrence BD, Spiker WR, Hung M: PROMIS PF CAT outperforms the ODI and SF-36 Physical Function domain in spine patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42:921\u2013929, 201710.1097\/BRS.0000000000001965"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318053d45f","article-title":"Measuring outcomes in back care","volume":"32","author":"Carey TS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carey TS, Mielenz TJ: Measuring outcomes in back care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32 (11 Suppl):S9\u2013S14, 200710.1097\/BRS.0b013e318053d45f"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011","article-title":"The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005\u20132008","volume":"63","author":"Cella D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cella D, Riley W, Stone A, Rothrock N, Reeve B, Yount S, : The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005\u20132008. J Clin Epidemiol 63:1179\u20131194, 201010.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.01120685078"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"b8","series-title":"Med Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55","article-title":"The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years","volume":"45","author":"Cella D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cella D, Yount S, Rothrock N, Gershon R, Cook K, Reeve B, : The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Med Care 45 (5 Suppl 1):S3\u2013S11, 200710.1097\/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.5517443116"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000219836.54861.CD","article-title":"Changes in the utilization of spinal fusion in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Cowan JA Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cowan JA Jr, Dimick JB, Wainess R, Upchurch GR Jr, Chandler WF, La Marca F: Changes in the utilization of spinal fusion in the United States. Neurosurgery 59:15\u201320, 20061682329510.1227\/01.NEU.0000219836.54861.CD"},{"key":"b10","article-title":"Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Evans JD","year":"1996","unstructured":"Evans JD: Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Pacific Grove: Brooks\/Cole, 1996"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Appl Meas","first-page":"304","article-title":"The use of PROMIS and assessment center to deliver patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research","volume":"11","author":"Gershon RC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gershon RC, Rothrock N, Hanrahan R, Bass M, Cella D: The use of PROMIS and assessment center to deliver patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research. J Appl Meas 11:304\u2013314, 201020847477"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx476","article-title":"Quality in spine surgery","volume":"82","author":"Graves C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graves C, Meyer S, Knightly J, Glassman S: Quality in spine surgery. Neurosurgery 82:136\u2013141, 201810.1093\/neuros\/nyx47629351675"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.SPINE18608","article-title":"The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Haws BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haws BE, Khechen B, Bawa MS, Patel DV, Bawa HS, Bohl DD, : The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in spine surgery: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine 30:405\u2013413, 201910.3171\/2018.8.SPINE1860830611150"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.027","article-title":"Challenging the norm: further psychometric investigation of the neck disability index","volume":"15","author":"Hung M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hung M, Cheng C, Hon SD, Franklin JD, Lawrence BD, Neese A, : Challenging the norm: further psychometric investigation of the neck disability index. Spine J 15:2440\u20132445, 20152466221110.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.027"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21308","article-title":"Evaluation of the PROMIS physical function item bank in orthopaedic patients","volume":"29","author":"Hung M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hung M, Clegg DO, Greene T, Saltzman CL: Evaluation of the PROMIS physical function item bank in orthopaedic patients. J Orthop Res 29:947\u2013953, 201110.1002\/jor.2130821437962"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000097","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PROMIS physical function item bank in patients with spinal disorders","volume":"39","author":"Hung M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hung M, Hon SD, Franklin JD, Kendall RW, Lawrence BD, Neese A, : Psychometric properties of the PROMIS physical function item bank in patients with spinal disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39:158\u2013163, 201410.1097\/BRS.0000000000000097"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.06.355","article-title":"Responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) instruments in patients with spinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Hung M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung M, Saltzman CL, Voss MW, Bounsanga J, Kendall R, Spiker R, : Responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) instruments in patients with spinal disorders. Spine J 19:34\u201340, 201910.1016\/j.spinee.2018.06.35529969730"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Pain Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx310","article-title":"The relationship of PROMIS pain interference and physical function scales","volume":"19","author":"Kendall R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kendall R, Wagner B, Brodke D, Bounsanga J, Voss M, Gu Y, : The relationship of PROMIS pain interference and physical function scales. Pain Med 19:1720\u20131724, 20182922828410.1093\/pm\/pnx310"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"BMJ Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007765","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007765","article-title":"Floor and ceiling effects in the OHS: an analysis of the NHS PROMs data set","volume":"5","author":"Lim CR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lim CR, Harris K, Dawson J, Beard DJ, Fitzpatrick R, Price AJ: Floor and ceiling effects in the OHS: an analysis of the NHS PROMs data set. BMJ Open 5:e007765, 20152621615210.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007765"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000165","article-title":"Current trends in demographics, practice, and in-hospital outcomes in cervical spine surgery: a national database analysis between 2002 and 2011","volume":"39","author":"Marquez-Lara A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marquez-Lara A, Nandyala SV, Fineberg SJ, Singh K: Current trends in demographics, practice, and in-hospital outcomes in cervical spine surgery: a national database analysis between 2002 and 2011. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39:476\u2013481, 201410.1097\/BRS.0000000000000165"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.656","article-title":"Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems","volume":"299","author":"Martin BI","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin BI, Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Turner JA, Comstock BA, Hollingworth W, : Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems. JAMA 299:656\u2013664, 20081827035410.1001\/jama.299.6.656"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b1fad1","article-title":"Trends in health care expenditures, utilization, and health status among US adults with spine problems, 1997\u20132006","volume":"34","author":"Martin BI","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin BI, Turner JA, Mirza SK, Lee MJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA: Trends in health care expenditures, utilization, and health status among US adults with spine problems, 1997\u20132006. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:2077\u20132084, 200910.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b1fad1"},{"issue":"99\u2013107","key":"b23","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-21-02-99","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures in spine surgery","volume":"21","author":"McCormick JD","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCormick JD, Werner BC, Shimer AL: Patient-reported outcome measures in spine surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 21:99\u2013107, 20132337837310.5435\/JAAOS-21-02-99"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Qual Life Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593882","article-title":"Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate?","volume":"4","author":"McHorney CA","year":"1995","unstructured":"McHorney CA, Tarlov AR: Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Qual Life Res 4:293\u2013307, 199510.1007\/BF015938827550178"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Med Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000062554.74615.4C","article-title":"Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation","volume":"41","author":"Norman GR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norman GR, Sloan JA, Wyrwich KW: Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation. Med Care 41:582\u2013592, 20031271968110.1097\/01.MLR.0000062554.74615.4C"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Semin Spine Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semss.2017.11.002","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures for spinal disorders","volume":"30","author":"Nwosu K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nwosu K, Schwab J: Patient reported outcome measures for spinal disorders. Semin Spine Surg 30:84\u201391, 201810.1053\/j.semss.2017.11.002"},{"issue":"41","key":"b27","series-title":"Phila Pa","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Correlation of PROMIS physical function and pain CAT instruments with Oswestry disability index and neck disability index in spine patients. Spine","volume":"1976)","author":"Papuga MO","year":"2016","unstructured":"Papuga MO, Mesfin A, Molinari R, Rubery PT: Correlation of PROMIS physical function and pain CAT instruments with Oswestry disability index and neck disability index in spine patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41:1153\u20131159, 2016"},{"issue":"3S","key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw081","article-title":"Bending the cost curve-establishing value in spine surgery","volume":"80","author":"Parker SL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker SL, Chotai S, Devin CJ, Tetreault L, Mroz TE, Brodke DS, : Bending the cost curve-establishing value in spine surgery. Neurosurgery 80 (3S):S61\u2013S69, 20172835094810.1093\/neuros\/nyw081"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002648","article-title":"Validation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Computer Adaptive Tests (CATs) in the surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"43","author":"Patel AA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel AA, Dodwad SM, Boody BS, Bhatt S, Savage JW, Hsu WK, : Validation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Computer Adaptive Tests (CATs) in the surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43:1521\u20131528, 201810.1097\/BRS.0000000000002648"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1357","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002347","article-title":"concurrent validity and responsiveness of PROMIS health domains among patients presenting for anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"42","author":"Purvis TE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purvis TE, Andreou E, Neuman BJ, Riley LH III, Skolasky RL: concurrent validity and responsiveness of PROMIS health domains among patients presenting for anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42:E1357\u2013E1365, 201710.1097\/BRS.0000000000002347"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002661","article-title":"Discriminant ability, concurrent validity, and responsiveness of PROMIS health domains among patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing decompression with or without arthrodesis","volume":"43","author":"Purvis TE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Purvis TE, Neuman BJ, Riley LH III, Skolasky RL: Discriminant ability, concurrent validity, and responsiveness of PROMIS health domains among patients with lumbar degenerative disease undergoing decompression with or without arthrodesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43:1512\u20131520, 201810.1097\/BRS.0000000000002661"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","article-title":"Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires","volume":"60","author":"Terwee CB","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, : Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60:34\u201342, 200710.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.01217161752"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/31\/2\/article-p165.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/31\/2\/article-p165.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/31\/2\/article-p165.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T22:41:52Z","timestamp":1681598512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/31\/2\/article-p165.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.2.spine181237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}