{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:04:49Z","timestamp":1783775089681,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This case report describes an isolated radial nerve avulsion in a pediatric patient, treated by combination sensory and motor median to radial nerve transfers. After traumatic avulsion of the proximal radial nerve, a 12-year-old male patient underwent end-to-end transfer of median nerve branches to flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis to the posterior interosseous nerve and extensor carpi radialis nerve, respectively. He underwent end-to-side sensory transfer of the superficial radial sensory to the median sensory nerve. Pronator teres to extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon transfer was simultaneously performed to power short-term wrist extension. Within months after surgery, the patient had regained 9\u201310\/10 sensation in the hand and forearm. In the following months and years, he regained dexterity, independent fine-finger and thumb motions, and 4\u20135\/5 strength in all extensors except the abductor pollicis longus muscle. He grew 25 cm without extremity deformity or need for secondary orthopedic procedures. In appropriate adult and pediatric patients with proximal radial nerve injuries, nerve transfers have advantages over tendon transfers, including restored independent fine finger motions, regained sensation, and reinnervation of multiple muscle groups with minimal donor sacrifice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.3.peds18550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T21:53:11Z","timestamp":1561153991000},"page":"209-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Median to radial nerve transfer after traumatic radial nerve avulsion in a pediatric patient"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ellen L.","family":"Larson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Santosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison K.","family":"Snyder-Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318262f26b","article-title":"Limb length differences after obstetrical brachial plexus injury: a growing concern","volume":"130","author":"Bain JR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bain JR, DeMatteo C, Gjertsen D, Packham T, Galea V, Harper JA: Limb length differences after obstetrical brachial plexus injury: a growing concern. Plast Reconstr Surg 130:558e\u2013571e, 201210.1097\/PRS.0b013e318262f26b"},{"issue":"3 Suppl Operative","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"75","article-title":"Median to radial nerve transfer to restore wrist and finger extension: technical nuances","volume":"66","author":"Brown JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown JM, Tung TH, Mackinnon SE: Median to radial nerve transfer to restore wrist and finger extension: technical nuances. Neurosurgery 66 (3 Suppl Operative):75\u201383, 201020124928"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197410000-00008","article-title":"Early tendon transfer in upper extremity peripheral nerve injury","volume":"104","author":"Burkhalter WE","year":"1974","unstructured":"Burkhalter WE: Early tendon transfer in upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res (104):68\u201379, 197410.1097\/00003086-197410000-00008"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199910000-00022","article-title":"A comparative study of nerve healing in adult, neonatal, and fetal rabbits","volume":"104","author":"Butler PE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Butler PE, Sims CD, Randolph MA, Menkes D, Onorato J, Lee WP: A comparative study of nerve healing in adult, neonatal, and fetal rabbits. Plast Reconstr Surg 104:1386\u20131392, 199910.1097\/00006534-199910000-0002210513922"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2016.03.003","article-title":"Radial nerve tendon transfers","volume":"32","author":"Cheah AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheah AE, Etcheson J, Yao J: Radial nerve tendon transfers. Hand Clin 32:323\u2013338, 20162738707610.1016\/j.hcl.2016.03.003"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.034","article-title":"Reconstruction of pediatric brachial plexus injuries with nerve grafts and nerve transfers","volume":"39","author":"Chim H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chim H, Kircher MF, Spinner RJ, Bishop AT, Shin AY: Reconstruction of pediatric brachial plexus injuries with nerve grafts and nerve transfers. J Hand Surg Am 39:1771\u20131778, 20142503478810.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.034"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.06.024","article-title":"Median to radial nerve transfers for restoration of wrist, finger, and thumb extension","volume":"38","author":"Davidge KM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davidge KM, Yee A, Kahn LC, Mackinnon SE: Median to radial nerve transfers for restoration of wrist, finger, and thumb extension. J Hand Surg Am 38:1812\u20131827, 201310.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.06.02423932813"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Hand Surg Br","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80010-5","article-title":"Flexor to extensor tendon transfers in the hand","volume":"20","author":"Dunnet WJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dunnet WJ, Housden PL, Birch R: Flexor to extensor tendon transfers in the hand. J Hand Surg Br 20:26\u201328, 199510.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80010-57759928"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Microsurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20545","article-title":"Intercostal nerve transfer in infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"28","author":"El-Gammal TA","year":"2008","unstructured":"El-Gammal TA, Abdel-Latif MM, Kotb MM, El-Sayed A, Ragheb YF, Saleh WR, : Intercostal nerve transfer in infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Microsurgery 28:499\u2013504, 20081876713310.1002\/micr.20545"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Microsurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10084","article-title":"Surgical treatment of brachial plexus traction injuries in children, excluding obstetric palsy","volume":"23","author":"El-Gammal TA","year":"2003","unstructured":"El-Gammal TA, El-Sayed A, Kotb MM: Surgical treatment of brachial plexus traction injuries in children, excluding obstetric palsy. Microsurgery 23:14\u201317, 200310.1002\/micr.1008412616513"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2016.11.007","article-title":"Upper limb nerve transfers: a review","volume":"36","author":"Forli A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forli A, Bouyer M, Aribert M, Curvale C, Delord M, Corcella D, : Upper limb nerve transfers: a review. Hand Surg Rehabil 36:151\u2013172, 20172852185210.1016\/j.hansur.2016.11.007"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3886","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03886.1995","article-title":"Contributing factors to poor functional recovery after delayed nerve repair: prolonged denervation","volume":"15","author":"Fu SY","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fu SY, Gordon T: Contributing factors to poor functional recovery after delayed nerve repair: prolonged denervation. J Neurosci 15:3886\u20133895, 1995775195310.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03886.1995"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.10.011","article-title":"Nerve transfers from branches to the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres to reconstruct the radial nerve","volume":"39","author":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez A, Navarro R, Martinez F, Rojas A: Nerve transfers from branches to the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres to reconstruct the radial nerve. J Hand Surg Am 39:50\u201356, 20142431549010.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.10.011"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-116","article-title":"The effect of perinatal brachial plexus lesion on upper limb development","volume":"15","author":"Gosk J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gosk J, Wnukiewicz W, Urban M: The effect of perinatal brachial plexus lesion on upper limb development. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15:116, 201410.1186\/1471-2474-15-11624694070"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Microsurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20461","article-title":"Nerve transfers in children with traumatic partial brachial plexus injuries","volume":"28","author":"Goubier JN","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goubier JN, Teboul F, Papadogeorgou E: Nerve transfers in children with traumatic partial brachial plexus injuries. Microsurgery 28:117\u2013120, 200810.1002\/micr.2046118213571"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Hand Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810403001418","article-title":"Analysis of Tsuge\u2019s procedure for the treatment of radial nerve paralysis","volume":"8","author":"Ishida O","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishida O, Ikuta Y: Analysis of Tsuge\u2019s procedure for the treatment of radial nerve paralysis. Hand Surg 8:17\u201320, 200310.1142\/S021881040300141812923929"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056484","article-title":"Effect of delayed peripheral nerve repair on nerve regeneration, Schwann cell function and target muscle recovery","volume":"8","author":"Jonsson S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonsson S, Wiberg R, McGrath AM, Novikov LN, Wiberg M, Novikova LN, : Effect of delayed peripheral nerve repair on nerve regeneration, Schwann cell function and target muscle recovery. PLoS One 8:e56484, 20132340918910.1371\/journal.pone.0056484"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199707)20:7<858::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"The effect of duration of muscle denervation on functional recovery in the rat model","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi J","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kobayashi J, Mackinnon SE, Watanabe O, Ball DJ, Gu XM, Hunter DA, : The effect of duration of muscle denervation on functional recovery in the rat model. Muscle Nerve 20:858\u2013866, 1997917915810.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199707)20:7<858::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199709000-00010","article-title":"Treatment of irreversible lesion of the radial nerve by tendon transfer: indication and long-term results of the Merle d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 procedure","volume":"100","author":"Kruft S","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kruft S, von Heimburg D, Reill P: Treatment of irreversible lesion of the radial nerve by tendon transfer: indication and long-term results of the Merle d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 procedure. Plast Reconstr Surg 100:610\u2013618, 199710.1097\/00006534-199709000-00010"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Current approach to radial nerve paralysis","volume":"110","author":"Lowe JB III","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lowe JB III, Sen SK, Mackinnon SE: Current approach to radial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 110:1099\u20131113, 200212198425"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200209010-00019","article-title":"New surgical option for radial nerve paralysis","volume":"110","author":"Lowe JB III","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lowe JB III, Tung TR, Mackinnon SE: New surgical option for radial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 110:836\u2013843, 20021217214810.1097\/00006534-200209010-00019"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/09\/0666","article-title":"Median to radial nerve transfer for treatment of radial nerve palsy. Case report","volume":"107","author":"Mackinnon SE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE, Roque B, Tung TH: Median to radial nerve transfer for treatment of radial nerve palsy. Case report. J Neurosurg 107:666\u2013671, 200710.3171\/JNS-07\/09\/066617886570"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200205000-00019","article-title":"Upper extremity limb-length discrepancy in brachial plexus palsy","volume":"22","author":"McDaid PJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDaid PJ, Kozin SH, Thoder JJ, Porter ST: Upper extremity limb-length discrepancy in brachial plexus palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 22:364\u2013366, 20021196145610.1097\/01241398-200205000-00019"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"G Chir","first-page":"69","article-title":"Treatment of persistent radial nerve palsy through \u201ctendon minimal transfer\u201d technique","volume":"32","author":"Monacelli G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monacelli G, Spagnoli AM, Rizzo MI, Sorvillo V, Quadrini L, Scuderi N: Treatment of persistent radial nerve palsy through \u201ctendon minimal transfer\u201d technique. G Chir 32:69\u201372, 201121352714"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22033","article-title":"Acellular nerve allografts in peripheral nerve regeneration: a comparative study","volume":"44","author":"Moore AM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moore AM, MacEwan M, Santosa KB, Chenard KE, Ray WZ, Hunter DA, : Acellular nerve allografts in peripheral nerve regeneration: a comparative study. Muscle Nerve 44:221\u2013234, 201110.1002\/mus.2203321660979"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1544169","article-title":"Principles of nerve repair in complex wounds of the upper extremity","volume":"29","author":"Moore AM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moore AM, Wagner IJ, Fox IK: Principles of nerve repair in complex wounds of the upper extremity. Semin Plast Surg 29:40\u201347, 20152568510210.1055\/s-0035-1544169"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00943","article-title":"Impaired growth of denervated muscle contributes to contracture formation following neonatal brachial plexus injury","volume":"93","author":"Nikolaou S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nikolaou S, Peterson E, Kim A, Wylie C, Cornwall R: Impaired growth of denervated muscle contributes to contracture formation following neonatal brachial plexus injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93:461\u2013470, 20112136807810.2106\/JBJS.J.00943"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003668","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of triple nerve transfers with nerve graft reconstruction in upper trunk obstetric brachial plexus injury","volume":"140","author":"O\u2019Grady KM","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady KM, Power HA, Olson JL, Morhart MJ, Harrop AR, Watt MJ, : Comparing the efficacy of triple nerve transfers with nerve graft reconstruction in upper trunk obstetric brachial plexus injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 140:747\u2013756, 20172860935210.1097\/PRS.0000000000003668"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2015.12.007","article-title":"Nerve transfers for the restoration of wrist, finger, and thumb extension after high radial nerve injury","volume":"32","author":"Pet MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pet MA, Lipira AB, Ko JH: Nerve transfers for the restoration of wrist, finger, and thumb extension after high radial nerve injury. Hand Clin 32:191\u2013207, 20162709489110.1016\/j.hcl.2015.12.007"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.09.034","article-title":"Clinical outcomes following median to radial nerve transfers","volume":"36","author":"Ray WZ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ray WZ, Mackinnon SE: Clinical outcomes following median to radial nerve transfers. J Hand Surg Am 36:201\u2013208, 201110.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.09.03421168979"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.09.013","article-title":"Radial nerve palsy associated with high-energy humeral shaft fractures","volume":"29","author":"Ring D","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ring D, Chin K, Jupiter JB: Radial nerve palsy associated with high-energy humeral shaft fractures. J Hand Surg Am 29:144\u2013147, 200410.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.09.01314751118"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a20526","article-title":"Tendon transfers: part I. Principles of transfer and transfers for radial nerve palsy","volume":"123","author":"Sammer DM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sammer DM, Chung KC: Tendon transfers: part I. Principles of transfer and transfers for radial nerve palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:169e\u2013177e, 200910.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a20526"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000795","article-title":"Optimal axon counts for brachial plexus nerve transfers to restore elbow flexion","volume":"135","author":"Schreiber JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schreiber JJ, Byun DJ, Khair MM, Rosenblatt L, Lee SK, Wolfe SW: Optimal axon counts for brachial plexus nerve transfers to restore elbow flexion. Plast Reconstr Surg 135:135e\u2013141e, 201510.1097\/PRS.0000000000000795"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001096","article-title":"Spinal accessory nerve transfer outperforms cervical root grafting for suprascapular nerve reconstruction in neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"135","author":"Seruya M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seruya M, Shen SH, Fuzzard S, Coombs CJ, McCombe DB, Johnstone BR: Spinal accessory nerve transfer outperforms cervical root grafting for suprascapular nerve reconstruction in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg 135:1431\u20131438, 201510.1097\/PRS.000000000000109625835244"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200045020-00004","article-title":"Long-term results of tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy in patients with limited rehabilitation","volume":"45","author":"Skoll PJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skoll PJ, Hudson DA, de Jager W, Singer M: Long-term results of tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy in patients with limited rehabilitation. Ann Plast Surg 45:122\u2013126, 20001094933710.1097\/00000637-200045020-00004"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.12.002","article-title":"Nerve transfers: indications, techniques, and outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Tung TH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tung TH, Mackinnon SE: Nerve transfers: indications, techniques, and outcomes. J Hand Surg Am 35:332\u2013341, 20102014190610.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.12.002"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200507000-00001","article-title":"Update on management of pediatric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"14","author":"Waters PM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Waters PM: Update on management of pediatric brachial plexus palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B 14:233\u2013244, 200510.1097\/01202412-200507000-0000115931025"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199805000-00007","article-title":"Glenohumeral deformity secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"80","author":"Waters PM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Waters PM, Smith GR, Jaramillo D: Glenohumeral deformity secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80:668\u2013677, 1998961102710.2106\/00004623-199805000-00007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/24\/2\/article-p209.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/24\/2\/article-p209.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/24\/2\/article-p209.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T12:50:55Z","timestamp":1681563055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/24\/2\/article-p209.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.3.peds18550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}