{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:26:05Z","timestamp":1792808765585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved considerably over the past 4 decades. Although it has primarily been used to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, recently it has been approved to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy. Novel potential indications in both neurological and psychiatric disorders are undergoing active study. There have been significant advances in DBS technology, including preoperative and intraoperative imaging, surgical approaches and techniques, and device improvements. In addition to providing significant clinical benefits and improving quality of life, DBS has also increased the understanding of human electrophysiology and network interactions. Despite the value of DBS, future developments should be aimed at developing less invasive techniques and attaining not just symptom improvement but curative disease modification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.jns181761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T23:54:47Z","timestamp":1565394887000},"page":"333-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Current and future directions of deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Darrin J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Dallapiazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuromodulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12620","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain: efficacy at three years\u2019 follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Abreu V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abreu V, Vaz R, Rebelo V, Rosas MJ, Chamadoira C, Gillies MJ, : Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain: efficacy at three years\u2019 follow-up. Neuromodulation 20:504\u2013513, 201710.1111\/ner.1262028631870"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Front Syst Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00043","article-title":"The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus","volume":"5","author":"Ammari R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ammari R, Bioulac B, Garcia L, Hammond C: The subthalamic nucleus becomes a generator of bursts in the dopamine-depleted state. Its high frequency stimulation dramatically weakens transmission to the globus pallidus. Front Syst Neurosci 5:43, 201110.3389\/fnsys.2011.0004321716635"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00697388","article-title":"Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff\u2019s disease","volume":"61","author":"Arendt T","year":"1983","unstructured":"Arendt T, Bigl V, Arendt A, Tennstedt A: Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol 61:101\u2013108, 1983663739310.1007\/BF00697388"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Brain Stimul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.005","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for Tourette-syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Baldermann JC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baldermann JC, Sch\u00fcller T, Huys D, Becker I, Timmermann L, Jessen F, : Deep brain stimulation for Tourette-syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul 9:296\u2013304, 201610.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.00526827109"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.26.5.0488","article-title":"Stereotaxic anterior cingulotomy for neuropsychiatric illness and intractable pain","volume":"26","author":"Ballantine HT Jr","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ballantine HT Jr, Cassidy WL, Flanagan NB, Marino R Jr: Stereotaxic anterior cingulotomy for neuropsychiatric illness and intractable pain. J Neurosurg 26:488\u2013495, 1967533778210.3171\/jns.1967.26.5.0488"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E745","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821964d2","article-title":"Successful anterior capsulotomy in comorbid anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder: case report","volume":"69","author":"Barbier J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barbier J, Gabri\u00ebls L, van Laere K, Nuttin B: Successful anterior capsulotomy in comorbid anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder: case report. Neurosurgery 69:E745\u2013E751, 20112147183710.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821964d2"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 6","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation","volume":"55","author":"Benazzouz A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benazzouz A, Hallett M: Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Neurology 55 (12 Suppl 6):S13\u2013S16, 200011188968"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.4.1351","article-title":"High-frequency stimulation produces a transient blockade of voltage-gated currents in subthalamic neurons","volume":"85","author":"Beurrier C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beurrier C, Bioulac B, Audin J, Hammond C: High-frequency stimulation produces a transient blockade of voltage-gated currents in subthalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 85:1351\u20131356, 20011128745910.1152\/jn.2001.85.4.1351"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Psychiatr Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000300122.76322.ad","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: update on assessment and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Bj\u00f6rgvinsson T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rgvinsson T, Hart J, Heffelfinger S: Obsessive-compulsive disorder: update on assessment and treatment. J Psychiatr Pract 13:362\u2013372, 20071803298110.1097\/01.pra.0000300122.76322.ad"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.856","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial forebrain bundle in a patient with major depressive disorder and anorexia nervosa","volume":"5","author":"Blomstedt P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blomstedt P, Naesstr\u00f6m M, Bodlund O: Deep brain stimulation in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial forebrain bundle in a patient with major depressive disorder and anorexia nervosa. Clin Case Rep 5:679\u2013684, 201710.1002\/ccr3.856"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)12943-8","article-title":"High frequency stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) simultaneously improves parkinsonian symptoms and reduces the firing frequency of GPi neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey","volume":"215","author":"Boraud T","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boraud T, Bezard E, Bioulac B, Gross C: High frequency stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) simultaneously improves parkinsonian symptoms and reduces the firing frequency of GPi neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey. Neurosci Lett 215:17\u201320, 199610.1016\/S0304-3940(96)12943-88880743"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.013","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population","volume":"136","author":"Bouhassira D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouhassira D, Lant\u00e9ri-Minet M, Attal N, Laurent B, Touboul C: Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population. Pain 136:380\u2013387, 200810.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.01317888574"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Eur J Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","article-title":"Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Breivik H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D: Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain 10:287\u2013333, 20061609593410.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91680-3","article-title":"Suppression of intention tremor by contingent deep-brain stimulation","volume":"1","author":"Brice J","year":"1980","unstructured":"Brice J, McLellan L: Suppression of intention tremor by contingent deep-brain stimulation. Lancet 1:1221\u20131222, 198010.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91680-36104038"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Prog Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.06.001","article-title":"Beyond faithful conduction: short-term dynamics, neuromodulation, and long-term regulation of spike propagation in the axon","volume":"94","author":"Bucher D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bucher D, Goaillard JM: Beyond faithful conduction: short-term dynamics, neuromodulation, and long-term regulation of spike propagation in the axon. Prog Neurobiol 94:307\u2013346, 201110.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.06.00121708220"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.182","article-title":"Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Castrioto A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castrioto A, Lozano AM, Poon YY, Lang AE, Fallis M, Moro E: Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation. Arch Neurol 68:1550\u20131556, 201110.1001\/archneurol.2011.18221825213"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Brain Stimul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.09.006","article-title":"Long-term results after deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens and the anterior limb of the internal capsule for preventing heroin relapse: an open-label pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Chen L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen L, Li N, Ge S, Lozano AM, Lee DJ, Yang C, : Long-term results after deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens and the anterior limb of the internal capsule for preventing heroin relapse: an open-label pilot study. Brain Stimul 12:175\u2013183, 20193024516310.1016\/j.brs.2018.09.006"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.007","article-title":"Tinnitus modulation by deep brain stimulation in locus of caudate neurons (area LC)","volume":"169","author":"Cheung SW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheung SW, Larson PS: Tinnitus modulation by deep brain stimulation in locus of caudate neurons (area LC). Neuroscience 169:1768\u20131778, 201010.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.007"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4144-11.2013","article-title":"High-frequency pallidal stimulation disrupts information flow through the pallidum by GABAergic inhibition","volume":"33","author":"Chiken S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiken S, Nambu A: High-frequency pallidal stimulation disrupts information flow through the pallidum by GABAergic inhibition. J Neurosci 33:2268\u20132280, 201310.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4144-11.201323392658"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Neuroscientist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415581986","article-title":"Mechanism of deep brain stimulation: inhibition, excitation, or disruption?","volume":"22","author":"Chiken S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiken S, Nambu A: Mechanism of deep brain stimulation: inhibition, excitation, or disruption? Neuroscientist 22:313\u2013322, 201610.1177\/1073858415581986"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1126\/science.121.3137.217","article-title":"Chemopallidectomy: an investigative technique in geriatric parkinsonians","volume":"121","author":"Cooper IS","year":"1955","unstructured":"Cooper IS: Chemopallidectomy: an investigative technique in geriatric parkinsonians. Science 121:217\u2013218, 19551323797510.1126\/science.121.3137.217"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc","first-page":"192","article-title":"The effect of chronic cerebellar stimulation upon epilepsy in man","volume":"98","author":"Cooper IS","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cooper IS, Amin I, Gilman S: The effect of chronic cerebellar stimulation upon epilepsy in man. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 98:192\u2013196, 19734206369"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500080037006","article-title":"Chronic cerebellar stimulation in epilepsy. Clinical and anatomical studies","volume":"33","author":"Cooper IS","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cooper IS, Amin I, Riklan M, Waltz JM, Poon TP: Chronic cerebellar stimulation in epilepsy. Clinical and anatomical studies. Arch Neurol 33:559\u2013570, 197610.1001\/archneur.1976.00500080037006821458"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects","first-page":"145","article-title":"Considerations for patient and target selection in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Dallapiazza RF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dallapiazza RF, De Vloo P, Fomenko A, Lee DJ, Hamani C, Munhoz RP, : Considerations for patient and target selection in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease, in Stoker TB, Greenland JC (eds): Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects. Brisbane: Codon Publications, 2018, pp 145\u2013160"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318240","article-title":"Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor","volume":"90","author":"Dallapiazza RF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dallapiazza RF, Lee DJ, De Vloo P, Fomenko A, Hamani C, Hodaie M, : Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90:474\u2013482, 201910.1136\/jnnp-2018-31824030337440"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"323","article-title":"Surgical brain modulation for tinnitus: the past, present and future","volume":"56","author":"De Ridder D","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Ridder D, Vanneste S, Menovsky T, Langguth B: Surgical brain modulation for tinnitus: the past, present and future. J Neurosurg Sci 56:323\u2013340, 201223111293"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Cereb Cortex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn149","article-title":"Cortical effects of subthalamic stimulation correlate with behavioral recovery from dopamine antagonist induced akinesia","volume":"19","author":"Dejean C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dejean C, Hyland B, Arbuthnott G: Cortical effects of subthalamic stimulation correlate with behavioral recovery from dopamine antagonist induced akinesia. Cereb Cortex 19:1055\u20131063, 20091878723410.1093\/cercor\/bhn149"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Neuron","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00360-X","article-title":"Subthreshold sodium currents and pacemaking of subthalamic neurons: modulation by slow inactivation","volume":"39","author":"Do MT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Do MT, Bean BP: Subthreshold sodium currents and pacemaking of subthalamic neurons: modulation by slow inactivation. Neuron 39:109\u2013120, 200310.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00360-X12848936"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b29","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10143","article-title":"Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Dostrovsky JO","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dostrovsky JO, Lozano AM: Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord 17 (Suppl 3):S63\u2013S68, 20021194875610.1002\/mds.10143"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Brain Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8080158","article-title":"The current state of deep brain stimulation for chronic pain and its context in other forms of neuromodulation","volume":"8","author":"Farrell SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farrell SM, Green A, Aziz T: The current state of deep brain stimulation for chronic pain and its context in other forms of neuromodulation. Brain Sci 8:158, 201810.3390\/brainsci8080158"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"J Neural Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L14","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/L03","article-title":"Toward closed-loop optimization of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: concepts and lessons from a computational model","volume":"4","author":"Feng XJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feng XJ, Greenwald B, Rabitz H, Shea-Brown E, Kosut R: Toward closed-loop optimization of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: concepts and lessons from a computational model. J Neural Eng 4:L14\u2013L21, 200710.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/L0317409470"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Fisher R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher R, Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, Henry T, Gross R, : Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 51:899\u2013908, 201010.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x20331461"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907083","article-title":"Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"362","author":"Follett KA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Follett KA, Weaver FM, Stern M, Hur K, Harris CL, Luo P, : Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 362:2077\u20132091, 20102051968010.1056\/NEJMoa0907083"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1962.19.2.0089","article-title":"Pain \u201crelief\u201d by frontal cingulumotomy","volume":"19","author":"Foltz EL","year":"1962","unstructured":"Foltz EL, White LE Jr: Pain \u201crelief\u201d by frontal cingulumotomy. J Neurosurg 19:89\u2013100, 196210.3171\/jns.1962.19.2.008913893868"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Neurosurgery","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for pain in the modern era: a systematic review","author":"Frizon LA","unstructured":"Frizon LA, Yamamoto EA, Nagel SJ, Simonson MT, Hogue O, Machado AG: Deep brain stimulation for pain in the modern era: a systematic review. Neurosurgery [epub ahead of print], 201930799493"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308627101","article-title":"Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer\u2019s disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI","volume":"101","author":"Greicius MD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greicius MD, Srivastava G, Reiss AL, Menon V: Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer\u2019s disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:4637\u20134642, 200410.1073\/pnas.030862710115070770"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.024","article-title":"Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields","volume":"169","author":"Grossman N","unstructured":"Grossman N, Bono D, Dedic N, Kodandaramaiah SB, Rudenko A, Suk HJ, : Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields. Cell 169:1029\u20131041, 1041.e1\u20131041.e16, 20172857566710.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.024"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"eNeuro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0140-17.2017","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: basic concepts and novel perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Hamani C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamani C, Florence G, Heinsen H, Plantinga BR, Temel Y, Uludag K, : Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: basic concepts and novel perspectives. eNeuro 4:e0140, 201710.1523\/ENEURO.0140-17.2017"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000159714.28232.C4","article-title":"Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review of the clinical literature","volume":"56","author":"Hamani C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamani C, Richter E, Schwalb JM, Lozano AM: Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review of the clinical literature. Neurosurgery 56:1313\u20131324, 20051591894810.1227\/01.NEU.0000159714.28232.C4"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.01.014","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens stimulation in pathological obesity","volume":"50","author":"Harat M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harat M, Ruda\u015b M, Zieli\u0144ski P, Birska J, Sokal P: Nucleus accumbens stimulation in pathological obesity. Neurol Neurochir Pol 50:207\u2013210, 201610.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.01.01427154450"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Nervenarzt","first-page":"441","article-title":"[Indications and localization of stereotactic brain operations","volume":"25","author":"Hassler R","year":"1954","unstructured":"Hassler R, Riechert T: [Indications and localization of stereotactic brain operations.] Nervenarzt 25:441\u2013447, 1954 (German)14356288"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Annu Rev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.05.020154.001255","article-title":"Psychiatry","volume":"5","author":"Heath RG","year":"1954","unstructured":"Heath RG: Psychiatry. Annu Rev Med 5:223\u2013236, 19541318137610.1146\/annurev.me.05.020154.001255"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12534","article-title":"Two-year seizure reduction in adults with medically intractable partial onset epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation: final results of the RNS System Pivotal trial","volume":"55","author":"Heck CN","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heck CN, King-Stephens D, Massey AD, Nair DR, Jobst BC, Barkley GL, : Two-year seizure reduction in adults with medically intractable partial onset epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation: final results of the RNS System Pivotal trial. Epilepsia 55:432\u2013441, 20142462122810.1111\/epi.12534"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10518","article-title":"Two-year follow-up of subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Herzog J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herzog J, Volkmann J, Krack P, Kopper F, P\u00f6tter M, Lorenz D, : Two-year follow-up of subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 18:1332\u20131337, 20031463967610.1002\/mds.10518"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Lancet Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30371-1","article-title":"Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a multisite, randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Holtzheimer PE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holtzheimer PE, Husain MM, Lisanby SH, Taylor SF, Whitworth LA, McClintock S, : Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a multisite, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry 4:839\u2013849, 20172898890410.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30371-1"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"Trials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-356","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the basolateral amygdala for treatment-refractory combat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial with blinded, staggered onset of stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Koek RJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koek RJ, Langevin JP, Krahl SE, Kosoyan HJ, Schwartz HN, Chen JW, : Deep brain stimulation of the basolateral amygdala for treatment-refractory combat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial with blinded, staggered onset of stimulation. Trials 15:356, 201410.1186\/1745-6215-15-35625208824"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.01.004","article-title":"Neuromodulatory treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"92","author":"Koek RJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koek RJ, Roach J, Athanasiou N, van \u2018t Wout-Frank M, Philip NS: Neuromodulatory treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 92:148\u2013160, 201910.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.01.00430641094"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Addict Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00337.x","article-title":"Successful deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in severe alcohol dependence is associated with changed performance monitoring","volume":"16","author":"Kuhn J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhn J, Gr\u00fcndler TO, Bauer R, Huff W, Fischer AG, Lenartz D, : Successful deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in severe alcohol dependence is associated with changed performance monitoring. Addict Biol 16:620\u2013623, 20112176229010.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00337.x"},{"key":"b49","series-title":"Mol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.32","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"20","author":"Kuhn J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuhn J, Hardenacke K, Lenartz D, Gruendler T, Ullsperger M, Bartsch C, : Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Mol Psychiatry 20:353\u2013360, 201510.1038\/mp.2014.3224798585"},{"key":"b50","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.113092","article-title":"Remission of alcohol dependency following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: valuable therapeutic implications?","volume":"78","author":"Kuhn J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuhn J, Lenartz D, Huff W, Lee S, Koulousakis A, Klosterkoetter J, : Remission of alcohol dependency following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: valuable therapeutic implications? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1152\u20131153, 20071787819710.1136\/jnnp.2006.113092"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320ab5","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in area LC controllably triggers auditory phantom percepts","volume":"70","author":"Larson PS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larson PS, Cheung SW: Deep brain stimulation in area LC controllably triggers auditory phantom percepts. Neurosurgery 70:398\u2013406, 201210.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320ab5"},{"key":"b52","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12594","article-title":"A stroke of silence: tinnitus suppression following placement of a deep brain stimulation electrode with infarction in area LC","volume":"118","author":"Larson PS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larson PS, Cheung SW: A stroke of silence: tinnitus suppression following placement of a deep brain stimulation electrode with infarction in area LC. J Neurosurg 118:192\u2013194, 201310.3171\/2012.9.JNS12594"},{"key":"b53","series-title":"Brain Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8010018","article-title":"DBS in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"Lavano A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lavano A, Guzzi G, Della Torre A, Lavano SM, Tiriolo R, Volpentesta G: DBS in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Sci 8:18, 201810.3390\/brainsci8010018"},{"key":"b54","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22089","article-title":"A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Laxton AW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laxton AW, Tang-Wai DF, McAndrews MP, Zumsteg D, Wennberg R, Keren R, : A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 68:521\u2013534, 201010.1002\/ana.2208920687206"},{"key":"b55","series-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125317743435","article-title":"Neuromodulation for the treatment of eating disorders and obesity","volume":"8","author":"Lee DJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee DJ, Elias GJB, Lozano AM: Neuromodulation for the treatment of eating disorders and obesity. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 8:73\u201392, 20182939932010.1177\/2045125317743435"},{"key":"b56","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"Nucleus basalis of Meynert neuronal activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Lee DJ","unstructured":"Lee DJ, Milosevic L, Gramer R, Sasikumar S, Al-Ozzi TM, De Vloo P, : Nucleus basalis of Meynert neuronal activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg [epub ahead of print February 22, 2019. DOI: 10.3171\/2018.11.JNS182386]30797189"},{"key":"b57","series-title":"Lancet Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30076-7","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: 1 year follow-up of an open-label trial","volume":"4","author":"Lipsman N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lipsman N, Lam E, Volpini M, Sutandar K, Twose R, Giacobbe P, : Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: 1 year follow-up of an open-label trial. Lancet Psychiatry 4:285\u2013294, 20172823870110.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30076-7"},{"key":"b58","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62188-6","article-title":"Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: a phase 1 pilot trial","volume":"381","author":"Lipsman N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lipsman N, Woodside DB, Giacobbe P, Hamani C, Carter JC, Norwood SJ, : Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: a phase 1 pilot trial. Lancet 381:1361\u20131370, 201310.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62188-623473846"},{"key":"b59","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838","article-title":"How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor","volume":"25","author":"Louis ED","year":"2010","unstructured":"Louis ED, Ferreira JJ: How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord 25:534\u2013541, 201010.1002\/mds.2283820175185"},{"key":"b60","series-title":"J Alzheimers Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160017","article-title":"A phase II study of fornix deep brain stimulation in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Lozano AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lozano AM, Fosdick L, Chakravarty MM, Leoutsakos JM, Munro C, Oh E, : A phase II study of fornix deep brain stimulation in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 54:777\u2013787, 201610.3233\/JAD-16001727567810"},{"key":"b61","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E218","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000360570.40339.64","article-title":"Smoking cessation and weight loss after chronic deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: therapeutic and research implications: case report","volume":"66","author":"Mantione M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mantione M, van de Brink W, Schuurman PR, Denys D: Smoking cessation and weight loss after chronic deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: therapeutic and research implications: case report. Neurosurgery 66:E218, 201010.1227\/01.NEU.0000360570.40339.6420023526"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b62","series-title":"J Neurochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13649","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation","volume":"139","author":"McIntyre CC","year":"2016","unstructured":"McIntyre CC, Anderson RW: Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation. J Neurochem 139 (Suppl 1):338\u2013345, 20162727330510.1111\/jnc.13649"},{"key":"b63","series-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.682","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: potential for neuroprotection","volume":"6","author":"McKinnon C","year":"2018","unstructured":"McKinnon C, Gros P, Lee DJ, Hamani C, Lozano AM, Kalia LV, : Deep brain stimulation: potential for neuroprotection. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 6:174\u2013185, 201810.1002\/acn3.68230656196"},{"key":"b64","series-title":"Biol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.015","article-title":"Improvements in anorexia symptoms after deep brain stimulation for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"73","author":"McLaughlin NC","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLaughlin NC, Didie ER, Machado AG, Haber SN, Eskandar EN, Greenberg BD: Improvements in anorexia symptoms after deep brain stimulation for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 73:e29\u2013e31, 201310.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.01523128051"},{"key":"b65","series-title":"Br J Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.128.3.226","article-title":"Stereotactic limbic leucotomy\u2014a follow-up at 16 months","volume":"128","author":"Mitchell-Heggs N","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mitchell-Heggs N, Kelly D, Richardson A: Stereotactic limbic leucotomy\u2014a follow-up at 16 months. Br J Psychiatry 128:226\u2013240, 1976125268610.1192\/bjp.128.3.226"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b66","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S290","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.103023","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for facial chronic neuropathic pain: a review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Monsalve GA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monsalve GA: Motor cortex stimulation for facial chronic neuropathic pain: a review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 3 (Suppl 4):S290\u2013S311, 201210.4103\/2152-7806.10302323230534"},{"key":"b67","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740668","article-title":"Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation and future technical developments","volume":"22","author":"Montgomery EB Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Montgomery EB Jr, Baker KB: Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation and future technical developments. Neurol Res 22:259\u2013266, 200010.1080\/01616412.2000.1174066810769818"},{"key":"b68","series-title":"Front Syst Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00021","article-title":"Dynamic stereotypic responses of basal ganglia neurons to subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation in the parkinsonian primate","volume":"5","author":"Moran A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moran A, Stein E, Tischler H, Belelovsky K, Bar-Gad I: Dynamic stereotypic responses of basal ganglia neurons to subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation in the parkinsonian primate. Front Syst Neurosci 5:21, 201110.3389\/fnsys.2011.0002121559345"},{"key":"b69","series-title":"Int J Eat Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(200004)27:3<249::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Use of leucotomy for intractable anorexia nervosa: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"Morgan JF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morgan JF, Crisp AH: Use of leucotomy for intractable anorexia nervosa: a long-term follow-up study. Int J Eat Disord 27:249\u2013258, 20001069471010.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(200004)27:3<249::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"b70","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13255","article-title":"Efficacy of pallidal stimulation in isolated dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Moro E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moro E, LeReun C, Krauss JK, Albanese A, Lin JP, Walleser Autiero S, : Efficacy of pallidal stimulation in isolated dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 24:552\u2013560, 201710.1111\/ene.1325528186378"},{"key":"b71","series-title":"Nord J Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2016.1162846","article-title":"A systematic review of psychiatric indications for deep brain stimulation, with focus on major depressive and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"70","author":"Naesstr\u00f6m M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naesstr\u00f6m M, Blomstedt P, Bodlund O: A systematic review of psychiatric indications for deep brain stimulation, with focus on major depressive and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 70:483\u2013491, 201610.3109\/08039488.2016.116284627103550"},{"key":"b72","series-title":"Proc Jpn Acad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab1945.29.134","article-title":"Procaine-oil blocking of the globus pallidus for the treatment of rigidity and tremor of parkinsonism","volume":"29","author":"Narabayashi H","year":"1953","unstructured":"Narabayashi H, Okuma T: Procaine-oil blocking of the globus pallidus for the treatment of rigidity and tremor of parkinsonism. Proc Jpn Acad 29:134\u2013137, 195310.2183\/pjab1945.29.134"},{"key":"b73","series-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000493094","article-title":"Simultaneous stimulation of the globus pallidus interna and the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the Parkinson-dementia syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Nombela C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nombela C, Lozano A, Villanueva C, Barcia JA: Simultaneous stimulation of the globus pallidus interna and the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the Parkinson-dementia syndrome. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 47:19\u201328, 201910.1159\/00049309430630160"},{"key":"b74","series-title":"Alzheimers Dement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.09.004","article-title":"A phase1 study of stereotactic gene delivery of AAV2-NGF for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Rafii MS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rafii MS, Baumann TL, Bakay RA, Ostrove JM, Siffert J, Fleisher AS, : A phase1 study of stereotactic gene delivery of AAV2-NGF for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement 10:571\u2013581, 20142441113410.1016\/j.jalz.2013.09.004"},{"key":"b75","series-title":"Neuromodulation","article-title":"Surgical neuromodulation of tinnitus: a review of current therapies and future applications","author":"Rammo R","unstructured":"Rammo R, Ali R, Pabaney A, Seidman M, Schwalb J: Surgical neuromodulation of tinnitus: a review of current therapies and future applications. Neuromodulation [epub ahead of print], 201830015361"},{"key":"b76","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.09.006","article-title":"Axonal and synaptic failure suppress the transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and information during high frequency deep brain stimulation","volume":"62","author":"Rosenbaum R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenbaum R, Zimnik A, Zheng F, Turner RS, Alzheimer C, Doiron B, : Axonal and synaptic failure suppress the transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and information during high frequency deep brain stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 62:86\u201399, 20142405127910.1016\/j.nbd.2013.09.006"},{"key":"b77","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"84","author":"Salanova V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, Henry TR, Gross RE, Nazzaro JM, : Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Neurology 84:1017\u20131025, 20152566322110.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334"},{"key":"b78","series-title":"Curr Opin Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200304000-00008","article-title":"The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited","volume":"16","author":"Sander JW","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sander JW: The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited. Curr Opin Neurol 16:165\u2013170, 200310.1097\/00019052-200304000-0000812644744"},{"key":"b79","series-title":"J Alzheimers Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170082","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of frontal lobe networks to treat Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Scharre DW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scharre DW, Weichart E, Nielson D, Zhang J, Agrawal P, Sederberg PB, : Deep brain stimulation of frontal lobe networks to treat Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 62:621\u2013633, 201810.3233\/JAD-17008229400666"},{"key":"b80","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.05.020","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation effects in patients with tinnitus","volume":"141","author":"Shi Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shi Y, Burchiel KJ, Anderson VC, Martin WH: Deep brain stimulation effects in patients with tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 141:285\u2013287, 20091964326710.1016\/j.otohns.2009.05.020"},{"issue":"Suppl 35","key":"b81","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S848","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.194156","article-title":"The impact of deep brain stimulation on tinnitus","volume":"7","author":"Smit JV","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smit JV, Janssen ML, Engelhard M, de Bie RM, Schuurman PR, Contarino MF, : The impact of deep brain stimulation on tinnitus. Surg Neurol Int 7 (Suppl 35):S848\u2013S854, 20162799493610.4103\/2152-7806.194156"},{"key":"b82","series-title":"Neuromolecular Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-009-8109-7","article-title":"Functional alterations in memory networks in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Sperling RA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sperling RA, Dickerson BC, Pihlajamaki M, Vannini P, LaViolette PS, Vitolo OV, : Functional alterations in memory networks in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuromolecular Med 12:27\u201343, 201010.1007\/s12017-009-8109-720069392"},{"key":"b83","series-title":"Seizure","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.12.014","article-title":"Memory and mood outcomes after anterior thalamic stimulation for refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"45","author":"Tr\u00f6ster AI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI, Meador KJ, Irwin CP, Fisher RS, SANTE Study Group: Memory and mood outcomes after anterior thalamic stimulation for refractory partial epilepsy. Seizure 45:133\u2013141, 201710.1016\/j.seizure.2016.12.01428061418"},{"issue":"20","key":"b84","series-title":"Int J Neurol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Suppression of seizures and psychosis of limbic system origin by chronic stimulation of anterior nucleus of the thalamus","volume":"19","author":"Upton AR","year":"1985\u20131986","unstructured":"Upton AR, Cooper IS, Springman M, Amin I: Suppression of seizures and psychosis of limbic system origin by chronic stimulation of anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Int J Neurol 19\u201320:223\u2013230, 1985\u20131986"},{"key":"b85","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_38","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for treatment of the epilepsies: the centromedian thalamic target","volume":"97","author":"Velasco F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Velasco F, Velasco AL, Velasco M, Jim\u00e9nez F, Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Castro G: Deep brain stimulation for treatment of the epilepsies: the centromedian thalamic target. Acta Neurochir Suppl 97:337\u2013342, 200710.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_3817691321"},{"key":"b86","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21753","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: prevalence of adverse events and need for standardized reporting","volume":"23","author":"Videnovic A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Videnovic A, Metman LV: Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: prevalence of adverse events and need for standardized reporting. Mov Disord 23:343\u2013349, 200810.1002\/mds.2175317987644"},{"key":"b87","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20091","article-title":"Long-term results of bilateral pallidal stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Volkmann J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Volkmann J, Allert N, Voges J, Sturm V, Schnitzler A, Freund HJ: Long-term results of bilateral pallidal stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 55:871\u2013875, 20041517402210.1002\/ana.20091"},{"key":"b88","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1159\/000348278","article-title":"Treatment of intractable anorexia nervosa with inactivation of the nucleus accumbens using stereotactic surgery","volume":"91","author":"Wang J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang J, Chang C, Geng N, Wang X, Gao G: Treatment of intractable anorexia nervosa with inactivation of the nucleus accumbens using stereotactic surgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 91:364\u2013372, 20132410806610.1159\/000348278"},{"key":"b89","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.JNS12903","article-title":"Lateral hypothalamic area deep brain stimulation for refractory obesity: a pilot study with preliminary data on safety, body weight, and energy metabolism","volume":"119","author":"Whiting DM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whiting DM, Tomycz ND, Bailes J, de Jonge L, Lecoultre V, Wilent B, : Lateral hypothalamic area deep brain stimulation for refractory obesity: a pilot study with preliminary data on safety, body weight, and energy metabolism. J Neurosurg 119:56\u201363, 20132356057310.3171\/2013.2.JNS12903"},{"key":"b90","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.06.039","article-title":"Deep-brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa","volume":"80","author":"Wu H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu H, Van Dyck-Lippens PJ, Santegoeds R, van Kuyck K, Gabriels L, Lin G, : Deep-brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa. World Neurosurg 80:S29.e1\u2013S29.e10, 201310.1016\/j.wneu.2012.06.039"},{"key":"b91","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)","first-page":"34","article-title":"Dorsomedial thalamotomy as a treatment for terminal anorexia: a report of two cases","volume":"58","author":"Zamboni R","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zamboni R, Larach V, Poblete M, Mancini R, Mancini H, Charlin V, : Dorsomedial thalamotomy as a treatment for terminal anorexia: a report of two cases. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 58:34\u201335, 1993"},{"key":"b92","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163769.28552.CD","article-title":"Practice parameter: therapies for essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"64","author":"Zesiewicz TA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zesiewicz TA, Elble R, Louis ED, Hauser RA, Sullivan KL, Dewey RB Jr, : Practice parameter: therapies for essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 64:2008\u20132020, 20051597284310.1212\/01.WNL.0000163769.28552.CD"},{"key":"b93","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq075","article-title":"Divergent network connectivity changes in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"133","author":"Zhou J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou J, Greicius MD, Gennatas ED, Growdon ME, Jang JY, Rabinovici GD, : Divergent network connectivity changes in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 133:1352\u20131367, 20102041014510.1093\/brain\/awq075"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/131\/2\/article-p333.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/131\/2\/article-p333.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/131\/2\/article-p333.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T04:05:28Z","timestamp":1742702728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/131\/2\/article-p333.xml"}},"subtitle":["JNSPG 75th Anniversary Invited Review Article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.4.jns181761","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}