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Fusion practices have also advanced; instrumentation, surgical approaches, biologics, and more recently, operative planning, have undergone stark changes at a seemingly increasing pace over the last decade. As the general population ages, treatment of degenerative lumbar disease will become a more prevalent\u2014and costlier\u2014issue for surgeons as well as the healthcare system overall. This review will cover the evolution of indications and techniques for fusion in degenerative lumbar disease, with emphasis on the evidence for current practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.spine18915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T22:53:29Z","timestamp":1562367209000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["State of the union: a review of lumbar fusion indications and techniques for degenerative spine disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Morr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198209000-00009","article-title":"The effect of Harrington instrumentation on the longitudinal axis rotation of the apical vertebra and on the spinal and rib-cage deformity in idiopathic scoliosis studied by computer tomography","volume":"7","author":"Aaro S","year":"1982","unstructured":"Aaro S, Dahlborn M: The effect of Harrington instrumentation on the longitudinal axis rotation of the apical vertebra and on the spinal and rib-cage deformity in idiopathic scoliosis studied by computer tomography. 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