{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:47:16Z","timestamp":1791848836922,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n \n The authors aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n isolates responsible for nosocomial meningitis\/ventriculitis in the neurosurgical ICU. The authors also sought to identify the risk factors for mortality following\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n \n This was a retrospective study of 72 patients admitted to the neurosurgical ICU between January 2014 and December 2018 with clinical and microbiological diagnosis of nosocomial postneurosurgical\n Acinetobacter baumanii<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis. Electronic medical data on clinical characteristics, underlying pathology, CSF cytology, antibiotic susceptibilities, and mortality were recorded. To evaluate the outcome following nosocomial postneurosurgical\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis, patients were followed up until discharge or death in the hospital. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute factors affecting survival.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n The study population was divided into two groups depending on the final outcome of whether the patient died or survived. Forty-three patients (59.7%) were included in the survivor group and 29 patients (40.3%) were included in the nonsurvivor group. Total in-hospital mortality due to\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis was 40.3% (29 cases), with a 14-day mortality of 15.3% and a 30-day mortality of 25%. The 43 (59.7%) patients who survived had a mean length of hospital stay of 44 \u00b1 4 days with a median Glasgow Outcome Scale\u2013Extended score at discharge of 6. On univariate analysis, age > 40 years (p = 0.078), admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score \u2264 8 (p = 0.003), presence of septic shock (p = 0.011), presence of external ventricular drain (EVD) (p = 0.03), CSF white blood cell (WBC) count > 200 cells\/mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (p = 0.084), and comorbidities (diabetes, p = 0.036; hypertension, p = 0.01) were associated with poor outcome. Carbapenem resistance was not a risk factor for mortality. According to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, age cutoff of 40 years (p = 0.016, HR 3.21), GCS score cutoff of 8 (p = 0.006, HR 0.29), CSF WBC count > 200 cells\/mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (p = 0.01, HR 2.76), presence of EVD (p = 0.001, HR 5.42), and comorbidities (p = 0.017, HR 2.8) were found to be significant risk factors for mortality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n This study is the largest case series reported to date of postneurosurgical\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis. In-hospital mortality due to\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n meningitis\/ventriculitis was high. Age older than 40 years, GCS score less than 8, presence of EVD, raised CSF WBC count, and presence of comorbidities were risk factors for mortality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.5.focus19278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1564773508000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Outcome following postneurosurgical Acinetobacter meningitis: an institutional experience of 72 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ravi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revanth","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin Anil","family":"Borkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varidh","family":"Katiyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samagra","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank S.","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.12.006","article-title":"Variables determining mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis\/ventriculitis treated with intrathecal colistin","volume":"153","author":"Ceylan B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ceylan B, Arslan F, Sipahi OR, Sunbul M, Ormen B, Hakyemez \u0130N, : Variables determining mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis\/ventriculitis treated with intrathecal colistin. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 153:43\u201349, 201710.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.12.00628013184"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.002","article-title":"Outcomes of adjunctive therapy with intrathecal or intraventricular administration of colistin for post-neurosurgical meningitis and ventriculitis due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"51","author":"Chusri S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chusri S, Sakarunchai I, Kositpantawong N, Panthuwong S, Santimaleeworagun W, Pattharachayakul S, : Outcomes of adjunctive therapy with intrathecal or intraventricular administration of colistin for post-neurosurgical meningitis and ventriculitis due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 51:646\u2013650, 201810.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.00229241820"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0313-5","article-title":"Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis with polymyxin B and tigecycline\u2014a case report","volume":"7","author":"Guo W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo W, Guo SC, Li M, Li LH, Qu Y: Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis with polymyxin B and tigecycline\u2014a case report. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 7:22, 20182945684110.1186\/s13756-018-0313-5"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/613865","article-title":"Successful management of nosocomial ventriculitis and meningitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Austria","volume":"24","author":"Hoenigl M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoenigl M, Drescher M, Feierl G, Valentin T, Zarfel G, Seeber K, : Successful management of nosocomial ventriculitis and meningitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Austria. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 24:e88\u2013e90, 201310.1155\/2013\/613865"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan TC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA: CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 36:309\u2013332, 20081853869910.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70055-6","article-title":"Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species","volume":"9","author":"Kim BN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim BN, Peleg AY, Lodise TP, Lipman J, Li J, Nation R, : Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species. Lancet Infect Dis 9:245\u2013255, 20091932429710.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70055-6"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.JNS16352","article-title":"First reported case of intraventricular tigecycline for meningitis from extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"127","author":"Lauretti L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lauretti L, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Fantoni M, D\u2019Inzeo T, Fernandez E, Pallini R, : First reported case of intraventricular tigecycline for meningitis from extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Neurosurg 127:370\u2013373, 201710.3171\/2016.6.JNS1635227540902"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Glob Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68538","article-title":"Multidrug resistant acinetobacter","volume":"2","author":"Manchanda V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manchanda V, Sanchaita S, Singh N: Multidrug resistant acinetobacter. J Glob Infect Dis 2:291\u2013304, 20102092729210.4103\/0974-777X.68538"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0608-7","article-title":"Implications of postneurosurgical meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"19","author":"Moon C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon C, Kwak YG, Kim BN, Kim ES, Lee CS: Implications of postneurosurgical meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Infect Chemother 19:916\u2013919, 201310.1007\/s10156-013-0608-723619757"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med","first-page":"21833","article-title":"Post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by acinetobacter baumannii: case series and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Ni S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ni S, Li S, Yang N, Zhang S, Hu D, Li Q, : Post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by acinetobacter baumannii: case series and review of the literature. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:21833\u201321838, 201526885152"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0502-x","article-title":"Comparison of Tigecycline or Cefoperazone\/Sulbactam therapy for bloodstream infection due to Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"8","author":"Niu T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu T, Luo Q, Li Y, Zhou Y, Yu W, Xiao Y: Comparison of Tigecycline or Cefoperazone\/Sulbactam therapy for bloodstream infection due to Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8:52, 201910.1186\/s13756-019-0502-x30886705"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Turk J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1508-102","article-title":"Pooled analysis of 899 nosocomial meningitis episodes from Turkey","volume":"47","author":"Sipahi OR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sipahi OR, Nazli Zeka A, Ta\u015fbakan M, Pulluk\u00e7u H, Arda B, Yamazhan T, : Pooled analysis of 899 nosocomial meningitis episodes from Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 47:29\u201333, 20172826350210.3906\/sag-1508-102"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Natl Med J India","first-page":"296","article-title":"Acinetobacter infection in neurosurgical intensive care patients","volume":"13","author":"Suri A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suri A, Mahapatra AK, Kapil A: Acinetobacter infection in neurosurgical intensive care patients. Natl Med J India 13:296\u2013300, 200011209484"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70090-8","article-title":"Mortality rate in patients with nosocomial Acinetobacter meningitis from a Brazilian hospital","volume":"14","author":"Tuon FF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tuon FF, Penteado-Filho SR, Amarante D, Andrade MA, Borba LA: Mortality rate in patients with nosocomial Acinetobacter meningitis from a Brazilian hospital. Braz J Infect Dis 14:437\u2013440, 201010.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70090-821221470"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804573","article-title":"Nosocomial bacterial meningitis","volume":"362","author":"van de Beek D","year":"2010","unstructured":"van de Beek D, Drake JM, Tunkel AR: Nosocomial bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 362:146\u2013154, 201010.1056\/NEJMra0804573"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Weinstein MP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weinstein MP: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, ed 29. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2019"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.12.006","article-title":"Variables determining mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis\/ventriculitis treated with intrathecal colistin","volume":"153","author":"Ceylan B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ceylan B, Arslan F, Sipahi OR, Sunbul M, Ormen B, Hakyemez \u0130N, : Variables determining mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis\/ventriculitis treated with intrathecal colistin. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 153:43\u201349, 201710.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.12.00628013184"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.002","article-title":"Outcomes of adjunctive therapy with intrathecal or intraventricular administration of colistin for post-neurosurgical meningitis and ventriculitis due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"51","author":"Chusri S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chusri S, Sakarunchai I, Kositpantawong N, Panthuwong S, Santimaleeworagun W, Pattharachayakul S, : Outcomes of adjunctive therapy with intrathecal or intraventricular administration of colistin for post-neurosurgical meningitis and ventriculitis due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 51:646\u2013650, 201810.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.00229241820"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0313-5","article-title":"Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis with polymyxin B and tigecycline\u2014a case report","volume":"7","author":"Guo W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo W, Guo SC, Li M, Li LH, Qu Y: Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis with polymyxin B and tigecycline\u2014a case report. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 7:22, 20182945684110.1186\/s13756-018-0313-5"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/613865","article-title":"Successful management of nosocomial ventriculitis and meningitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Austria","volume":"24","author":"Hoenigl M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoenigl M, Drescher M, Feierl G, Valentin T, Zarfel G, Seeber K, : Successful management of nosocomial ventriculitis and meningitis caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Austria. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 24:e88\u2013e90, 201310.1155\/2013\/613865"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan TC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA: CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 36:309\u2013332, 20081853869910.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70055-6","article-title":"Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species","volume":"9","author":"Kim BN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim BN, Peleg AY, Lodise TP, Lipman J, Li J, Nation R, : Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species. Lancet Infect Dis 9:245\u2013255, 20091932429710.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70055-6"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.JNS16352","article-title":"First reported case of intraventricular tigecycline for meningitis from extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"127","author":"Lauretti L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lauretti L, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Fantoni M, D\u2019Inzeo T, Fernandez E, Pallini R, : First reported case of intraventricular tigecycline for meningitis from extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Neurosurg 127:370\u2013373, 201710.3171\/2016.6.JNS1635227540902"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Glob Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68538","article-title":"Multidrug resistant acinetobacter","volume":"2","author":"Manchanda V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manchanda V, Sanchaita S, Singh N: Multidrug resistant acinetobacter. J Glob Infect Dis 2:291\u2013304, 20102092729210.4103\/0974-777X.68538"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0608-7","article-title":"Implications of postneurosurgical meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"19","author":"Moon C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon C, Kwak YG, Kim BN, Kim ES, Lee CS: Implications of postneurosurgical meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Infect Chemother 19:916\u2013919, 201310.1007\/s10156-013-0608-723619757"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med","first-page":"21833","article-title":"Post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by acinetobacter baumannii: case series and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Ni S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ni S, Li S, Yang N, Zhang S, Hu D, Li Q, : Post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by acinetobacter baumannii: case series and review of the literature. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:21833\u201321838, 201526885152"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0502-x","article-title":"Comparison of Tigecycline or Cefoperazone\/Sulbactam therapy for bloodstream infection due to Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"8","author":"Niu T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu T, Luo Q, Li Y, Zhou Y, Yu W, Xiao Y: Comparison of Tigecycline or Cefoperazone\/Sulbactam therapy for bloodstream infection due to Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8:52, 201910.1186\/s13756-019-0502-x30886705"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Turk J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1508-102","article-title":"Pooled analysis of 899 nosocomial meningitis episodes from Turkey","volume":"47","author":"Sipahi OR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sipahi OR, Nazli Zeka A, Ta\u015fbakan M, Pulluk\u00e7u H, Arda B, Yamazhan T, : Pooled analysis of 899 nosocomial meningitis episodes from Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 47:29\u201333, 20172826350210.3906\/sag-1508-102"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Natl Med J India","first-page":"296","article-title":"Acinetobacter infection in neurosurgical intensive care patients","volume":"13","author":"Suri A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suri A, Mahapatra AK, Kapil A: Acinetobacter infection in neurosurgical intensive care patients. Natl Med J India 13:296\u2013300, 200011209484"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70090-8","article-title":"Mortality rate in patients with nosocomial Acinetobacter meningitis from a Brazilian hospital","volume":"14","author":"Tuon FF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tuon FF, Penteado-Filho SR, Amarante D, Andrade MA, Borba LA: Mortality rate in patients with nosocomial Acinetobacter meningitis from a Brazilian hospital. Braz J Infect Dis 14:437\u2013440, 201010.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70090-821221470"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804573","article-title":"Nosocomial bacterial meningitis","volume":"362","author":"van de Beek D","year":"2010","unstructured":"van de Beek D, Drake JM, Tunkel AR: Nosocomial bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 362:146\u2013154, 201010.1056\/NEJMra0804573"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Weinstein MP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weinstein MP: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, ed 29. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2019"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:34:15Z","timestamp":1779525255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/2\/article-pE8.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.5.focus19278","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}