{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:20:17Z","timestamp":1784564417559,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n External ventricular drains (EVDs) are commonly used in the neurosurgical population. However, very few pediatric neurosurgery studies are available regarding EVD-associated infection rates with antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters. The authors previously published a large pediatric cohort study analyzing nonantibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters and risk factors associated with infections. In this study, they aimed to analyze the EVD-associated infection rate after implementation of antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective observational cohort of pediatric patients (younger than 18 years of age) who underwent a burr hole for antibiotic-impregnated EVD placement and who were admitted to a quaternary care ICU between January 2011 and January 2019 were reviewed. The ventriculostomy-associated infection rate in patients with antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters was compared to the authors\u2019 historical control of patients with nonantibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Two hundred twenty-nine patients with antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters were identified. Neurological diagnostic categories included externalization of an existing shunt (externalized shunt) in 34 patients (14.9%); brain tumor (tumor) in 77 patients (33.6%); intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 27 patients (11.8%); traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 6 patients (2.6%); and 85 patients (37.1%) were captured in an \u201cother\u201d category. Two of 229 patients (0.9% of all patients) had CSF infections associated with EVD management, totaling an infection rate of 0.99 per 1000 catheter days. This is a significantly lower infection rate than was reported in the authors\u2019 previously published analysis of the use of nonantibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters (0.9% vs 6%, p = 0.00128).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n In their large pediatric cohort, the authors demonstrated a significant decline in ventriculostomy-associated CSF infection rate after implementation of antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters at their institution.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.5.focus19279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1564773508000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reduction of ventriculostomy-associated CSF infection with antibiotic-impregnated catheters in pediatric patients: a single-institution study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Shih-Shan","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Yver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Kirschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis A.","family":"Topjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janell L.","family":"Mensinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy W.","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurocrit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9061-3","article-title":"Development of a pediatric neurocritical care service","volume":"10","author":"Bell MJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Carpenter J, Au AK, Keating RF, Myseros JS, Yaun A, : Development of a pediatric neurocritical care service. 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