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While the differential diagnosis for new lesions on neuroradiological imaging of immunosuppressed patients typically includes infections and neoplasms, image-based heuristics to differentiate the two has been shown to have variable reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The authors describe 2 rare CNS infections in immunocompromised patients with atypical physical and radiological presentations. In the first case, a 59-year-old man, who had recently undergone a renal transplantation, was found to have multifocal\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia amikacinitolerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    abscesses masquerading as neoplasms on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); in the second case, a 33-year-old man with suspected recurrent Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma was found to have a nonpyogenic abscess with cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    As per review of the literature, this appears to be the first case of brain abscess caused by\n                    <jats:italic>N. amikacinitolerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a recently isolated superbug. Despite confirmation through brain biopsy later on in case 1, the initial radiological appearance was atypical, showing subtle diffusion restriction on DWI. Similarly, the authors present a case of CMV encephalitis that presented as a ring-enhancing lesion, which is extremely rare. Both cases draw attention to the reliability of neuroimaging in differentiating an abscess from a neoplasm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.5.focus19284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1564773508000},"page":"E18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nocardia amikacinitolerans and cytomegalovirus: distinctive clinical and radiological characterization of the rare etiologies of brain abscesses: report of 2 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Travis","family":"Quinoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fareed","family":"Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinayak","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenggang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers\u2013Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hanft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Iran Med","first-page":"192","article-title":"Multiple brain abscesses due to nocardia in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"16","author":"Alijani N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alijani N, Mahmoudzadeh S, Hedayat Yaghoobi M, Geramishoar M, Jafari S: Multiple brain abscesses due to nocardia in an immunocompetent patient. 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