{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:24:11Z","timestamp":1787905451852,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Establishing the neurological localization doctrine for the contralateral hemispheric control of motor functions in the second half of the 19th century, researchers faced the challenge of recognizing false localizing signs, in particular paradoxical or ipsilateral hemiparesis (IH). Despite tremendous progress in current methods of neuroradiological and electrophysiological exploration, a complete understanding of this phenomenon has yet to be attained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors researched the well-described cases of hemiparesis\/hemiplegia ipsilateral to an intracranial lesion published in the scientific literature in the pre-MRI era (before 1980). A comprehensive review of the physiopathological mechanisms proposed for paradoxical hemiparesis throughout this period, as well as the pathological evidence substantiating them, is provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A collection of 75 patients with hemiparesis\/hemiplegia ipsilateral to the primary intracranial lesion reported between 1858 and 1979 were eligible for analysis. Most cases occurred in adults with supratentorial, slowly developing, extraparenchymatous mass lesions, such as neoplasms (38%) or chronic subdural hematomas (36%). Physiopathological theories proposed by the neurologists who investigated IH can be grouped into 4 major concepts: 1) lack of anatomical decussation of the corticospinal tract; 2) impaired functional activation of the contralateral hemisphere by the lesioned dominant hemisphere through the callosal connections; 3) Kernohan\u2019s notch phenomenon, or mechanical injury of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the free edge of the tentorium; and 4) cerebrovascular dysfunction involving the contralateral hemisphere owing to kinking and mechanical flattening of the carotid artery contralateral to the primary intracranial lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IH represents a still underdiagnosed paradoxical neurological phenomenon. With the aid of modern neuroradiological and neurophysiological methods, Kernohan\u2019s peduncle notch mechanism has been confirmed to cause IH in many of the cases reported in recent decades. Nevertheless, alternative functional and\/or vascular mechanisms must be investigated further for unexplained IH cases, in particular for transitory IH without evidence of peduncle injury. The historical theories reviewed in this paper represent a conceptual framework that may be helpful for this purpose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.focus19337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T19:16:10Z","timestamp":1567797370000},"page":"E7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Ipsilateral hemiparesis: the forgotten history of this paradoxical neurological sign"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Carrasco-Moro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Castro-Dufourny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sureste University Hospital, Francisco de Vitoria University;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan S.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-San Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neuroradiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Caba\u00f1es-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg","first-page":"163","article-title":"[A new case of meningioma of the third frontal convolution","volume":"59","author":"Achslogh J","year":"1959","unstructured":"Achslogh J, Macken J: [A new case of meningioma of the third frontal convolution.] Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 59:163\u2013173, 1959 (French)13649262"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Riv Patol Nerv Ment","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ematoma sottodurale della convessit\u00e0 con s\u00edndrome piramidale omolaterale. Contributo cl\u00ednico","volume":"78","author":"Ardito R","year":"1954","unstructured":"Ardito R: Ematoma sottodurale della convessit\u00e0 con s\u00edndrome piramidale omolaterale. Contributo cl\u00ednico. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 78:123\u2013154, 1954"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Riv Patol Nerv Ment","first-page":"1","article-title":"Una cisti emorragica del corpo calloso","volume":"13","author":"Ascenzi O","year":"1908","unstructured":"Ascenzi O: Una cisti emorragica del corpo calloso. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 13:1\u201315, 1908"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Tumeurs m\u00e9ning\u00e9es unilat\u00e9rales. H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie si\u00e8geant du m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9 que les tumeurs","volume":"16","author":"Babinski J","year":"1908","unstructured":"Babinski J, Clunet J: Tumeurs m\u00e9ning\u00e9es unilat\u00e9rales. H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie si\u00e8geant du m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9 que les tumeurs. Rev Neurol (Paris) 16:707\u2013709, 1908"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000115674.15497.09","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report","volume":"54","author":"Binder DK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Binder DK, Lyon R, Manley GT: Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report. Neurosurgery 54:999\u20131003, 200410.1227\/01.NEU.0000115674.15497.09"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales: a propos d\u2019un cas d\u2019absc\u00e8s de cerveau d\u2019origine otique [doctoral thesis]","author":"Binet E","year":"1909","unstructured":"Binet E: Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales: a propos d\u2019un cas d\u2019absc\u00e8s de cerveau d\u2019origine otique [doctoral thesis]. Paris: Faculty of Medicine, 1909"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Bull Soc Anat Paris","first-page":"387","article-title":"Deux cas peu conformes aux localisations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales","volume":"7","author":"Blaise H","year":"1882","unstructured":"Blaise H: Deux cas peu conformes aux localisations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Bull Soc Anat Paris 7:387\u2013392, 1882"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Journal de la Physiologie de l\u2019Homme et des Animaux","first-page":"523","article-title":"Recherches sur la physiologie et la pathologie de la protuberance annulaire","volume":"1","author":"Brown-S\u00e9quard CE","year":"1858","unstructured":"Brown-S\u00e9quard CE: Recherches sur la physiologie et la pathologie de la protuberance annulaire. Journal de la Physiologie de l\u2019Homme et des Animaux 1:523\u2013539, 1858"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.02.015","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon caused by an acute subdural hematoma","volume":"16","author":"Carrasco R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carrasco R, Pascual JM, Navas M, Mart\u00ednez-Fl\u00f3rez P, Manzanares-Soler R, Sola RG: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon caused by an acute subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci 16:1628\u20131631, 200910.1016\/j.jocn.2009.02.01519766003"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Rev Clin Esp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2014.05.004","article-title":"[Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon.]","volume":"214","author":"Carrasco-Moro R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carrasco-Moro R, Abreu-Calder\u00f3n F, de Blas-Beorlegui G, Pascual JM, Ley-Urzaiz L: [Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon.] Rev Clin Esp 214:e97\u2013e99, 2014 (Spanish)10.1016\/j.rce.2014.05.004"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Les centres moteurs corticaux chez l\u2019homme","first-page":"183","article-title":"Des observations contradictoires","author":"Charcot JM","year":"1895","unstructured":"Charcot JM, Pitres A: Des observations contradictoires, in Charcot JM, Pitres A (eds): Les centres moteurs corticaux chez l\u2019homme. Paris: Rueff et Cie \u00c9diteurs, 1895, pp 183\u2013191"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"612","article-title":"De l\u2019h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale dans les tumeurs c\u00e9r\u00e9brales","volume":"20","author":"Claude H","year":"1910","unstructured":"Claude H, Vincent C, L\u00e8vy-Valensi J: De l\u2019h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale dans les tumeurs c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Rev Neurol (Paris) 20:612\u2013614, 1910"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/27.4.490","article-title":"The false localising signs of intracranial tumour","volume":"27","author":"Collier J","year":"1904","unstructured":"Collier J: The false localising signs of intracranial tumour. Brain 27:490\u2013508, 190410.1093\/brain\/27.4.490"},{"key":"b14","article-title":"Les h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales [doctoral thesis]","author":"Couronne M","year":"1925","unstructured":"Couronne M: Les h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales [doctoral thesis]. Paris: Faculty of Medicine, 1925"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"C R Seances Memoires Soc Biol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Tumeur du p\u00e9doncule inf\u00e9rieur gauche","volume":"29","author":"Couty M","year":"1877","unstructured":"Couty M: Tumeur du p\u00e9doncule inf\u00e9rieur gauche. C R Seances Memoires Soc Biol 29:234\u2013235, 1877"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001097","article-title":"The history of the Kernohan notch revisited","volume":"78","author":"Dammers R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dammers R, Volovici V, Kompanje EJ: The history of the Kernohan notch revisited. Neurosurgery 78:581\u2013584, 201610.1227\/NEU.000000000000109726528671"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"741","article-title":"Kernohan notch","volume":"100","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2004","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: Kernohan notch. J Neurosurg 100:741\u2013742, 2004 (Letter) (Erratum in J Neurosurg 101:721, 2004)15070137"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.07.015","article-title":"The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d","volume":"287","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2009","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d. J Neurol Sci 287:296, 2009 (Letter)1969949310.1016\/j.jns.2009.07.015"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1166","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/56.5.E1166a","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report","volume":"56","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2005","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report. Neurosurgery 56:E1166, 2005 (Letter)10.1093\/neurosurgery\/56.5.E1166a"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"322","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale gauche chez un d\u00e9bile gaucher, ancien h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gique infantile droit","volume":"13","author":"Dupr\u00e9 E","year":"1905","unstructured":"Dupr\u00e9 E, Camus P: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale gauche chez un d\u00e9bile gaucher, ancien h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gique infantile droit. Rev Neurol (Paris) 13:322\u2013325, 1905"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Les hematomes sous-duraux chroniques avec signes neurologiques homolateraux. A propos de 18 observations [doctoral thesis]","author":"Dupuis-Leveau G","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dupuis-Leveau G: Les hematomes sous-duraux chroniques avec signes neurologiques homolateraux. A propos de 18 observations [doctoral thesis]. Reims, France: Faculty of Medicine, 1979"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Les m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e9me frontale","year":"1945","unstructured":"Ectors L (ed): Les m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e9me frontale. Paris: Masson, 1945"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"388","article-title":"[The early homolateral pyramidal syndrome and meningiomas of the third frontal convolution","volume":"5","author":"Ectors L","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ectors L, Achslogh J: [The early homolateral pyramidal syndrome and meningiomas of the third frontal convolution.] Neurochirurgie 5:388\u2013400, 1959 (French)13819246"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Belge Neurol Psychiatr","first-page":"497","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e8me frontale","volume":"8","author":"Ectors L","year":"1946","unstructured":"Ectors L, Heernu V: Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e8me frontale. J Belge Neurol Psychiatr 8:497\u2013507, 1946"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31818b2590","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon","volume":"69","author":"Eesa M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eesa M, Bell K: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. J Trauma 69:1634, 201010.1097\/TA.0b013e31818b259021150540"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.2.283","article-title":"The Monakow concept of diaschisis: origins and perspectives","volume":"61","author":"Finger S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Finger S, Koehler PJ, Jagella C: The Monakow concept of diaschisis: origins and perspectives. Arch Neurol 61:283\u2013288, 20041496778110.1001\/archneur.61.2.283"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"23","article-title":"De la radioth\u00e9rapie des tumeurs du cerveau et de la moelle","volume":"1","author":"Flatau E","year":"1924","unstructured":"Flatau E: De la radioth\u00e9rapie des tumeurs du cerveau et de la moelle. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1:23\u201340, 1924"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01667902","article-title":"Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pespedunculidurch Druckauf den Rand des Tentoriums","volume":"97","author":"Groeneveld A","year":"1927","unstructured":"Groeneveld A, Schaltenbrand G: Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pespedunculidurch Druckauf den Rand des Tentoriums. Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd 97:32\u201350, 192710.1007\/BF01667902"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Ann Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2013.37.6.879","article-title":"Diffusion tensor tractography in two cases of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon","volume":"37","author":"Jang SG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jang SG, Pyun SB: Diffusion tensor tractography in two cases of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. Ann Rehabil Med 37:879\u2013885, 20132446652410.5535\/arm.2013.37.6.879"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Proc Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic","first-page":"69","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"3","author":"Kernohan JW","year":"1928","unstructured":"Kernohan JW, Woltman HW: Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor. Proc Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic 3:69\u201370, 1928"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1929.02210200030004","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"21","author":"Kernohan JW","year":"1929","unstructured":"Kernohan JW, Woltman HW: Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 21:274\u2013287, 192910.1001\/archneurpsyc.1929.02210200030004"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Z Ges Neurol Psych","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895330","article-title":"Die tumoren des Schl\u00e4fenlappens","volume":"42","author":"Knapp A","year":"1918","unstructured":"Knapp A: Die tumoren des Schl\u00e4fenlappens. Z Ges Neurol Psych 42:226\u2013289, 191810.1007\/BF02895330"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Rev Neurol","first-page":"286","article-title":"[Tractography in Kernohan\u2019s phenomenon: report of a case of acute subdural haematoma.]","volume":"60","author":"Mansilla-Fern\u00e1ndez B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mansilla-Fern\u00e1ndez B, Isla-Guerrero A, Giner J, Royo-Orejas A: [Tractography in Kernohan\u2019s phenomenon: report of a case of acute subdural haematoma.] Rev Neurol 60:286\u2013287, 2015 (Spanish)25760725"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Th\u00e9rapeutique","first-page":"474","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie collat\u00e9rale","volume":"8","author":"Marie P","year":"1901","unstructured":"Marie P: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie collat\u00e9rale, in Bruardel P, Gilbert A (eds): Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Th\u00e9rapeutique. Paris: Librairie JB Bailli\u00e8re et Fils, 1901, Vol 8, pp 474\u2013475"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1920.02180220036003","article-title":"Herniation of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Meyer A","year":"1920","unstructured":"Meyer A: Herniation of the brain. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 4:387\u2013400, 192010.1001\/archneurpsyc.1920.02180220036003"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr","first-page":"183","article-title":"Sobre los falsos s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos de localizaci\u00f3n en los tumores supratentoriales","volume":"7","author":"Obrador Alcalde S","year":"1948","unstructured":"Obrador Alcalde S: Sobre los falsos s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos de localizaci\u00f3n en los tumores supratentoriales. Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr 7:183\u2013195, 1948"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710001475X","article-title":"Tractography of persistent ipsilateral hemiparesis following subdural hematoma","volume":"40","author":"Oh SI","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oh SI, Kim MJ, Oh KP, Kim HY, Kim SH, Kim HJ: Tractography of persistent ipsilateral hemiparesis following subdural hematoma. Can J Neurol Sci 40:601\u2013602, 20132378674910.1017\/S031716710001475X"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Int Surg","first-page":"689","article-title":"Ipsilateral hemiplegia in supratentorial space occupying lesions","volume":"45","author":"Peyser E","year":"1966","unstructured":"Peyser E, Doron Y: Ipsilateral hemiplegia in supratentorial space occupying lesions. Int Surg 45:689\u2013695, 19665931910"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Lyon Med","first-page":"560","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie droite compl\u00e8te; autopsie: h\u00e9morragie uniquement localis\u00e9e au lobe occipital droite","volume":"107","author":"Pic M","year":"1906","unstructured":"Pic M: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie droite compl\u00e8te; autopsie: h\u00e9morragie uniquement localis\u00e9e au lobe occipital droite. Lyon Med 107:560\u2013561, 1906"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr","first-page":"1793","article-title":"[Ipsilateral hemiparesis.]","volume":"98","author":"Probst C","year":"1968","unstructured":"Probst C: [Ipsilateral hemiparesis.] Schweiz Med Wochenschr 98:1793\u20131795, 1968 (German)5706673"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors and Some Errors in Their Diagnosis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192708000-00016","year":"1927","unstructured":"Purves-Stewart J (ed): Intracranial Tumors and Some Errors in Their Diagnosis. Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 192710.1097\/00000441-192708000-00016"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0732-4","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch phenomenon","volume":"152","author":"Uesugi S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uesugi S, Suehiro E, Nakayama H, Suzuki M: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch phenomenon. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:1809\u20131810, 201010.1007\/s00701-010-0732-4"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Bull Soc Anatomoclinique Lille","first-page":"128","article-title":"Pachym\u00e9ningite c\u00e9r\u00e9brale h\u00e9morragique\u2014contracture du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u00b4\u00e9panchement","volume":"1","author":"Vanhenverswyn","year":"1888","unstructured":"Vanhenverswyn: Pachym\u00e9ningite c\u00e9r\u00e9brale h\u00e9morragique\u2014contracture du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u00b4\u00e9panchement. Bull Soc Anatomoclinique Lille 1:128, 1888"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Gehirnpathologie","first-page":"236","article-title":"Shock und diaschisis","author":"von Monakow C","year":"1905","unstructured":"von Monakow C: Shock und diaschisis, in Von Monakow C (ed): Gehirnpathologie. Vienna: Alfred H\u00f6lder, 1905, pp 236\u2013248"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2016.1211250","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: a review article","volume":"31","author":"Zhang CH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang CH, DeSouza RM, Kho JS, Vundavalli S, Critchley G: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: a review article. Br J Neurosurg 31:159\u2013166, 20172778148710.1080\/02688697.2016.1211250"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg","first-page":"163","article-title":"[A new case of meningioma of the third frontal convolution","volume":"59","author":"Achslogh J","year":"1959","unstructured":"Achslogh J, Macken J: [A new case of meningioma of the third frontal convolution.] Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 59:163\u2013173, 1959 (French)13649262"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Riv Patol Nerv Ment","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ematoma sottodurale della convessit\u00e0 con s\u00edndrome piramidale omolaterale. Contributo cl\u00ednico","volume":"78","author":"Ardito R","year":"1954","unstructured":"Ardito R: Ematoma sottodurale della convessit\u00e0 con s\u00edndrome piramidale omolaterale. Contributo cl\u00ednico. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 78:123\u2013154, 1954"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Riv Patol Nerv Ment","first-page":"1","article-title":"Una cisti emorragica del corpo calloso","volume":"13","author":"Ascenzi O","year":"1908","unstructured":"Ascenzi O: Una cisti emorragica del corpo calloso. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 13:1\u201315, 1908"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Tumeurs m\u00e9ning\u00e9es unilat\u00e9rales. H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie si\u00e8geant du m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9 que les tumeurs","volume":"16","author":"Babinski J","year":"1908","unstructured":"Babinski J, Clunet J: Tumeurs m\u00e9ning\u00e9es unilat\u00e9rales. H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie si\u00e8geant du m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9 que les tumeurs. Rev Neurol (Paris) 16:707\u2013709, 1908"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000115674.15497.09","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report","volume":"54","author":"Binder DK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Binder DK, Lyon R, Manley GT: Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report. Neurosurgery 54:999\u20131003, 200410.1227\/01.NEU.0000115674.15497.09"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales: a propos d\u2019un cas d\u2019absc\u00e8s de cerveau d\u2019origine otique [doctoral thesis]","author":"Binet E","year":"1909","unstructured":"Binet E: Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales: a propos d\u2019un cas d\u2019absc\u00e8s de cerveau d\u2019origine otique [doctoral thesis]. Paris: Faculty of Medicine, 1909"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Bull Soc Anat Paris","first-page":"387","article-title":"Deux cas peu conformes aux localisations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales","volume":"7","author":"Blaise H","year":"1882","unstructured":"Blaise H: Deux cas peu conformes aux localisations c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Bull Soc Anat Paris 7:387\u2013392, 1882"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Journal de la Physiologie de l\u2019Homme et des Animaux","first-page":"523","article-title":"Recherches sur la physiologie et la pathologie de la protuberance annulaire","volume":"1","author":"Brown-S\u00e9quard CE","year":"1858","unstructured":"Brown-S\u00e9quard CE: Recherches sur la physiologie et la pathologie de la protuberance annulaire. Journal de la Physiologie de l\u2019Homme et des Animaux 1:523\u2013539, 1858"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.02.015","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon caused by an acute subdural hematoma","volume":"16","author":"Carrasco R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carrasco R, Pascual JM, Navas M, Mart\u00ednez-Fl\u00f3rez P, Manzanares-Soler R, Sola RG: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon caused by an acute subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci 16:1628\u20131631, 200910.1016\/j.jocn.2009.02.01519766003"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Rev Clin Esp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2014.05.004","article-title":"[Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon.]","volume":"214","author":"Carrasco-Moro R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carrasco-Moro R, Abreu-Calder\u00f3n F, de Blas-Beorlegui G, Pascual JM, Ley-Urzaiz L: [Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon.] Rev Clin Esp 214:e97\u2013e99, 2014 (Spanish)10.1016\/j.rce.2014.05.004"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Les centres moteurs corticaux chez l\u2019homme","first-page":"183","article-title":"Des observations contradictoires","author":"Charcot JM","year":"1895","unstructured":"Charcot JM, Pitres A: Des observations contradictoires, in Charcot JM, Pitres A (eds): Les centres moteurs corticaux chez l\u2019homme. Paris: Rueff et Cie \u00c9diteurs, 1895, pp 183\u2013191"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"612","article-title":"De l\u2019h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale dans les tumeurs c\u00e9r\u00e9brales","volume":"20","author":"Claude H","year":"1910","unstructured":"Claude H, Vincent C, L\u00e8vy-Valensi J: De l\u2019h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale dans les tumeurs c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Rev Neurol (Paris) 20:612\u2013614, 1910"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/27.4.490","article-title":"The false localising signs of intracranial tumour","volume":"27","author":"Collier J","year":"1904","unstructured":"Collier J: The false localising signs of intracranial tumour. Brain 27:490\u2013508, 190410.1093\/brain\/27.4.490"},{"key":"b14","article-title":"Les h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales [doctoral thesis]","author":"Couronne M","year":"1925","unstructured":"Couronne M: Les h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gies homolat\u00e9rales [doctoral thesis]. Paris: Faculty of Medicine, 1925"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"C R Seances Memoires Soc Biol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Tumeur du p\u00e9doncule inf\u00e9rieur gauche","volume":"29","author":"Couty M","year":"1877","unstructured":"Couty M: Tumeur du p\u00e9doncule inf\u00e9rieur gauche. C R Seances Memoires Soc Biol 29:234\u2013235, 1877"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001097","article-title":"The history of the Kernohan notch revisited","volume":"78","author":"Dammers R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dammers R, Volovici V, Kompanje EJ: The history of the Kernohan notch revisited. Neurosurgery 78:581\u2013584, 201610.1227\/NEU.000000000000109726528671"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"741","article-title":"Kernohan notch","volume":"100","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2004","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: Kernohan notch. J Neurosurg 100:741\u2013742, 2004 (Letter) (Erratum in J Neurosurg 101:721, 2004)15070137"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.07.015","article-title":"The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d","volume":"287","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2009","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: The Kernohan-Woltman phenomenon and laterality of motor control: fresh analysis of data in the article \u201cIncisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor\u201d. J Neurol Sci 287:296, 2009 (Letter)1969949310.1016\/j.jns.2009.07.015"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1166","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/56.5.E1166a","article-title":"Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report","volume":"56","author":"Derakhshan I","year":"2005","unstructured":"Derakhshan I: Transcranial motor evoked potential recording in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch syndrome: case report. Neurosurgery 56:E1166, 2005 (Letter)10.1093\/neurosurgery\/56.5.E1166a"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"322","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale gauche chez un d\u00e9bile gaucher, ancien h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gique infantile droit","volume":"13","author":"Dupr\u00e9 E","year":"1905","unstructured":"Dupr\u00e9 E, Camus P: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie homolat\u00e9rale gauche chez un d\u00e9bile gaucher, ancien h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gique infantile droit. Rev Neurol (Paris) 13:322\u2013325, 1905"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Les hematomes sous-duraux chroniques avec signes neurologiques homolateraux. A propos de 18 observations [doctoral thesis]","author":"Dupuis-Leveau G","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dupuis-Leveau G: Les hematomes sous-duraux chroniques avec signes neurologiques homolateraux. A propos de 18 observations [doctoral thesis]. Reims, France: Faculty of Medicine, 1979"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Les m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e9me frontale","year":"1945","unstructured":"Ectors L (ed): Les m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e9me frontale. Paris: Masson, 1945"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"388","article-title":"[The early homolateral pyramidal syndrome and meningiomas of the third frontal convolution","volume":"5","author":"Ectors L","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ectors L, Achslogh J: [The early homolateral pyramidal syndrome and meningiomas of the third frontal convolution.] Neurochirurgie 5:388\u2013400, 1959 (French)13819246"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Belge Neurol Psychiatr","first-page":"497","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e8me frontale","volume":"8","author":"Ectors L","year":"1946","unstructured":"Ectors L, Heernu V: Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des m\u00e9ningiomes de la troisi\u00e8me frontale. J Belge Neurol Psychiatr 8:497\u2013507, 1946"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31818b2590","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon","volume":"69","author":"Eesa M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eesa M, Bell K: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. J Trauma 69:1634, 201010.1097\/TA.0b013e31818b259021150540"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.2.283","article-title":"The Monakow concept of diaschisis: origins and perspectives","volume":"61","author":"Finger S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Finger S, Koehler PJ, Jagella C: The Monakow concept of diaschisis: origins and perspectives. Arch Neurol 61:283\u2013288, 20041496778110.1001\/archneur.61.2.283"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"23","article-title":"De la radioth\u00e9rapie des tumeurs du cerveau et de la moelle","volume":"1","author":"Flatau E","year":"1924","unstructured":"Flatau E: De la radioth\u00e9rapie des tumeurs du cerveau et de la moelle. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1:23\u201340, 1924"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01667902","article-title":"Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pespedunculidurch Druckauf den Rand des Tentoriums","volume":"97","author":"Groeneveld A","year":"1927","unstructured":"Groeneveld A, Schaltenbrand G: Ein Fall von Duraendotheliom \u00fcber der Grosshirnhemisph\u00e4re mit einer bemerkenswerten Komplikation: L\u00e4sion des gekreuzten Pespedunculidurch Druckauf den Rand des Tentoriums. Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd 97:32\u201350, 192710.1007\/BF01667902"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Ann Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2013.37.6.879","article-title":"Diffusion tensor tractography in two cases of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon","volume":"37","author":"Jang SG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jang SG, Pyun SB: Diffusion tensor tractography in two cases of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. Ann Rehabil Med 37:879\u2013885, 20132446652410.5535\/arm.2013.37.6.879"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Proc Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic","first-page":"69","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"3","author":"Kernohan JW","year":"1928","unstructured":"Kernohan JW, Woltman HW: Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor. Proc Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic 3:69\u201370, 1928"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1929.02210200030004","article-title":"Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor","volume":"21","author":"Kernohan JW","year":"1929","unstructured":"Kernohan JW, Woltman HW: Incisura of the crus due to contralateral brain tumor. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 21:274\u2013287, 192910.1001\/archneurpsyc.1929.02210200030004"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Z Ges Neurol Psych","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895330","article-title":"Die tumoren des Schl\u00e4fenlappens","volume":"42","author":"Knapp A","year":"1918","unstructured":"Knapp A: Die tumoren des Schl\u00e4fenlappens. Z Ges Neurol Psych 42:226\u2013289, 191810.1007\/BF02895330"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Rev Neurol","first-page":"286","article-title":"[Tractography in Kernohan\u2019s phenomenon: report of a case of acute subdural haematoma.]","volume":"60","author":"Mansilla-Fern\u00e1ndez B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mansilla-Fern\u00e1ndez B, Isla-Guerrero A, Giner J, Royo-Orejas A: [Tractography in Kernohan\u2019s phenomenon: report of a case of acute subdural haematoma.] Rev Neurol 60:286\u2013287, 2015 (Spanish)25760725"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Th\u00e9rapeutique","first-page":"474","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie collat\u00e9rale","volume":"8","author":"Marie P","year":"1901","unstructured":"Marie P: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie collat\u00e9rale, in Bruardel P, Gilbert A (eds): Trait\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Th\u00e9rapeutique. Paris: Librairie JB Bailli\u00e8re et Fils, 1901, Vol 8, pp 474\u2013475"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1920.02180220036003","article-title":"Herniation of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Meyer A","year":"1920","unstructured":"Meyer A: Herniation of the brain. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 4:387\u2013400, 192010.1001\/archneurpsyc.1920.02180220036003"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr","first-page":"183","article-title":"Sobre los falsos s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos de localizaci\u00f3n en los tumores supratentoriales","volume":"7","author":"Obrador Alcalde S","year":"1948","unstructured":"Obrador Alcalde S: Sobre los falsos s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos de localizaci\u00f3n en los tumores supratentoriales. Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr 7:183\u2013195, 1948"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710001475X","article-title":"Tractography of persistent ipsilateral hemiparesis following subdural hematoma","volume":"40","author":"Oh SI","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oh SI, Kim MJ, Oh KP, Kim HY, Kim SH, Kim HJ: Tractography of persistent ipsilateral hemiparesis following subdural hematoma. Can J Neurol Sci 40:601\u2013602, 20132378674910.1017\/S031716710001475X"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Int Surg","first-page":"689","article-title":"Ipsilateral hemiplegia in supratentorial space occupying lesions","volume":"45","author":"Peyser E","year":"1966","unstructured":"Peyser E, Doron Y: Ipsilateral hemiplegia in supratentorial space occupying lesions. Int Surg 45:689\u2013695, 19665931910"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Lyon Med","first-page":"560","article-title":"H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie droite compl\u00e8te; autopsie: h\u00e9morragie uniquement localis\u00e9e au lobe occipital droite","volume":"107","author":"Pic M","year":"1906","unstructured":"Pic M: H\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie droite compl\u00e8te; autopsie: h\u00e9morragie uniquement localis\u00e9e au lobe occipital droite. Lyon Med 107:560\u2013561, 1906"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr","first-page":"1793","article-title":"[Ipsilateral hemiparesis.]","volume":"98","author":"Probst C","year":"1968","unstructured":"Probst C: [Ipsilateral hemiparesis.] Schweiz Med Wochenschr 98:1793\u20131795, 1968 (German)5706673"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors and Some Errors in Their Diagnosis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192708000-00016","year":"1927","unstructured":"Purves-Stewart J (ed): Intracranial Tumors and Some Errors in Their Diagnosis. Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 192710.1097\/00000441-192708000-00016"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0732-4","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch phenomenon","volume":"152","author":"Uesugi S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uesugi S, Suehiro E, Nakayama H, Suzuki M: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of Kernohan\u2019s notch phenomenon. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:1809\u20131810, 201010.1007\/s00701-010-0732-4"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Bull Soc Anatomoclinique Lille","first-page":"128","article-title":"Pachym\u00e9ningite c\u00e9r\u00e9brale h\u00e9morragique\u2014contracture du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u00b4\u00e9panchement","volume":"1","author":"Vanhenverswyn","year":"1888","unstructured":"Vanhenverswyn: Pachym\u00e9ningite c\u00e9r\u00e9brale h\u00e9morragique\u2014contracture du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u00b4\u00e9panchement. Bull Soc Anatomoclinique Lille 1:128, 1888"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Gehirnpathologie","first-page":"236","article-title":"Shock und diaschisis","author":"von Monakow C","year":"1905","unstructured":"von Monakow C: Shock und diaschisis, in Von Monakow C (ed): Gehirnpathologie. Vienna: Alfred H\u00f6lder, 1905, pp 236\u2013248"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2016.1211250","article-title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: a review article","volume":"31","author":"Zhang CH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang CH, DeSouza RM, Kho JS, Vundavalli S, Critchley G: Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: a review article. Br J Neurosurg 31:159\u2013166, 20172778148710.1080\/02688697.2016.1211250"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/3\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/3\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/3\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:35:25Z","timestamp":1779525325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/47\/3\/article-pE7.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.6.focus19337","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}}}