{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:55:30Z","timestamp":1776376530557,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual deterioration is one of the disabling complications that can occur after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for newly developed visual symptoms after CAS, focusing on ophthalmic artery (OA) flow pattern and etiology of visual loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of 127 patients with 138 internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis lesions that were treated with CAS from February 2009 to October 2017 in a single institution was performed. The flow pattern of the OA was evaluated with digital subtraction angiography and classified into 3 types: type I, antegrade OA flow before and after CAS; type II, antegrade OA flow reversal after CAS; and type III, retained nonantegrade OA flow after CAS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The degree of ipsilateral ICA stenosis was significantly higher in the nonantegrade group than that in the antegrade group (81.73% \u00b1 9.87% vs 75.74% \u00b1 10.27%, p = 0.001). Independent risk factors for newly developed visual symptoms after CAS were visual symptoms before CAS (OR 65.29, 95% CI 5.14\u2013827.2; p = 0.001) and type III OA flow pattern (OR 55.98, 95% CI 2.88\u20131088.0; p = 0.008). The post-CAS visual symptoms in 10 patients were related to acute elevation of intraocular pressure in 6 patients and retinal artery occlusion in 3 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maintained retrograde or undetected OA flow after CAS and initial visual symptoms before CAS were related to post-CAS visual symptoms. Thus, careful attention is needed for these patients during the perioperative period, and immediate evaluation and management are required for patients with post-CAS visual loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.jns19906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T05:57:52Z","timestamp":1569650272000},"page":"1428-1434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship between ophthalmic artery flow direction and visual deterioration after carotid angioplasty and stenting"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Yung Ki","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kijeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Apgujung St. Mary\u2019s Eye Center, Seoul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaseong","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bum-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Sam","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jai Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7746","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12952","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis in central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"54","author":"Ahn SJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahn SJ, Kim JM, Hong JH, Woo SJ, Ahn J, Park KH, : Efficacy and safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis in central retinal artery occlusion. 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