{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T09:16:22Z","timestamp":1778318182584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cushing\u2019s disease arises from functioning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)\u2013secreting pituitary adenomas. These tumors can be very small and evade detection by MRI. Empty sella syndrome is a phenomenon by which an arachnoid outpouching of CSF into the sella leads to compression of the pituitary, likely due to intracranial hypertension (a common issue in Cushing\u2019s disease), further leading to difficulty in visualizing the pituitary gland that may contribute to difficulty in finding a tumor on MRI, so-called MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease. The authors sought to examine the association between empty sella syndrome and MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-institution database of Cushing\u2019s disease cases from 2000 to 2017 was reviewed, and 197 cases were included in the analysis. One hundred eighty patients had a tissue diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease and 17 had remission with surgery, but no definitive tissue diagnosis was obtained. Macroadenomas (tumors &gt; 1 cm) were excluded. The degree of empty sella syndrome was graded on the degree of CSF visualized in the sella on midline sagittal T1-weighted MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 197 cases identified, 40 (20%) presented with MRI-negative disease, and empty sella syndrome was present in 49 cases (25%). MRI-negative disease was found in 18 (37%) of 49 empty sella cases versus 22 (15%) of 148 cases without empty sella syndrome present. Empty sella syndrome was significantly associated with MRI-negative disease (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.61\u20136.74, p = 0.0018). Decreased thickness of the pituitary gland was also associated with MRI-negative disease (mean thickness 5.6 vs 6.8 mm, p = 0.0002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empty sella syndrome is associated with an increased rate of MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease. Pituitary compression causing a relative reduction in the volume of the pituitary for imaging is a plausible cause for not detecting the tumor mass with MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.focus2084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T08:21:59Z","timestamp":1591172519000},"page":"E3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does pituitary compression\/empty sella syndrome contribute to MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease? A single-institution experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Himes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurologic Surgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adip G.","family":"Bhargav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desmond A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurologic Surgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurologic Surgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367338","article-title":"CSF circulation in subjects with the empty sella syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Brismar K","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brismar K, Bergstrand G: CSF circulation in subjects with the empty sella syndrome. Neuroradiology 21:167\u2013175, 1981725451410.1007\/BF00367338"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901","article-title":"Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature","volume":"129","author":"Carr SB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carr SB, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Kerr JM, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Wierman ME, Lillehei KO: Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature. J Neurosurg 129:1260\u20131267, 201810.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.JNS17234","article-title":"Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Chatain GP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chatain GP, Patronas N, Smirniotopoulos JG, Piazza M, Benzo S, Ray-Chaudhury A, : Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg 129:620\u2013628, 20182902786310.3171\/2017.4.JNS17234"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.697215","article-title":"Persistence of primary empty sella syndrome despite obesity surgery: report of two unusual cases","volume":"26","author":"D\u2019Alessandris QG","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u2019Alessandris QG, Montano N, Bianchi F, Doglietto F, Fernandez E, Pallini R, : Persistence of primary empty sella syndrome despite obesity surgery: report of two unusual cases. Br J Neurosurg 26:875\u2013876, 20122272571310.3109\/02688697.2012.697215"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0288","article-title":"Primary empty sella","volume":"90","author":"De Marinis L","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Marinis L, Bonadonna S, Bianchi A, Maira G, Giustina A: Primary empty sella. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5471\u20135477, 200510.1210\/jc.2005-028815972577"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s disease: an epidemiological approach","volume":"40","author":"Etxabe J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Etxabe J, Vazquez JA: Morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s disease: an epidemiological approach. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40:479\u2013484, 199410.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Headache","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13057","article-title":"Incidental findings and normal anatomical variants on MRI of the brain in adults for primary headaches","volume":"57","author":"Evans RW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans RW: Incidental findings and normal anatomical variants on MRI of the brain in adults for primary headaches. Headache 57:780\u2013791, 201710.1111\/head.1305728294311"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0416-6","article-title":"Primary empty sella (PES): a review of 175 cases","volume":"16","author":"Guitelman M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guitelman M, Garcia Basavilbaso N, Vitale M, Chervin A, Katz D, Miragaya K, : Primary empty sella (PES): a review of 175 cases. Pituitary 16:270\u2013274, 20132287574310.1007\/s11102-012-0416-6"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1427","article-title":"Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas","volume":"71","author":"Herman V","year":"1990","unstructured":"Herman V, Fagin J, Gonsky R, Kovacs K, Melmed S: Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1427\u20131433, 1990197775910.1210\/jcem-71-6-1427"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0831","article-title":"Primary empty sella syndrome in a series of 142 patients","volume":"103","author":"Maira G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maira G, Anile C, Mangiola A: Primary empty sella syndrome in a series of 142 patients. J Neurosurg 103:831\u2013836, 200510.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0831"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Endocr Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1048","article-title":"The treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Pivonello R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pivonello R, De Leo M, Cozzolino A, Colao A: The treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease. Endocr Rev 36:385\u2013486, 20152606771810.1210\/er.2013-1048"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.06.118","article-title":"Normal neuroanatomical variants that may be misinterpreted as disease entities","volume":"72","author":"Ramji S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramji S, Touska P, Rich P, MacKinnon AD: Normal neuroanatomical variants that may be misinterpreted as disease entities. Clin Radiol 72:810\u2013825, 201710.1016\/j.crad.2017.06.11828747250"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9013","article-title":"Factors determining the clinical significance of an \"empty\" sella turcica","volume":"200","author":"Saindane AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saindane AM, Lim PP, Aiken A, Chen Z, Hudgins PA: Factors determining the clinical significance of an \"empty\" sella turcica. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:1125\u20131131, 201310.2214\/AJR.12.901323617499"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2003.43","article-title":"Significance of empty sella in cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"128","author":"Schlosser RJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schlosser RJ, Bolger WE: Significance of empty sella in cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:32\u201338, 20031257475610.1067\/mhn.2003.43"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan","volume":"46","author":"Semple PL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Semple PL, Vance ML, Findling J, Laws ER Jr: Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neurosurgery 46:553\u2013559, 20001071985010.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.507","article-title":"Increased intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac filling pressures in obesity-associated pseudotumor cerebri","volume":"49","author":"Sugerman HJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sugerman HJ, DeMaria EJ, Felton WL III, Nakatsuka M, Sismanis A: Increased intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac filling pressures in obesity-associated pseudotumor cerebri. Neurology 49:507\u2013511, 199710.1212\/WNL.49.2.5079270586"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing\u2019s disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience","volume":"76","author":"Sun Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun Y, Sun Q, Fan C, Shen J, Zhao W, Guo Y, : Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing\u2019s disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:868\u2013876, 201210.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530315666151001141507","article-title":"An unusual case of reversible empty sella","volume":"16","author":"Triggiani V","year":"2016","unstructured":"Triggiani V, Giagulli VA, Moschetta M, Guastamacchia E: An unusual case of reversible empty sella. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 16:154\u2013156, 20162642358110.2174\/1871530315666151001141507"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.12","article-title":"Management of Cushing disease","volume":"7","author":"Tritos NA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tritos NA, Biller BM, Swearingen B: Management of Cushing disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7:279\u2013289, 20112130148710.1038\/nrendo.2011.12"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.071","article-title":"Surgical outcome of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma with empty sella using a new classification","volume":"105","author":"Wang Q","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Guo X, Gao L, Wang Z, Deng K, Lian W, : Surgical outcome of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma with empty sella using a new classification. World Neurosurg 105:651\u2013658, 20172864218110.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.071"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS173041","article-title":"Detection of MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease by FLAIR imaging: is it reliable?","volume":"129","author":"Wang Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xing B: Detection of MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease by FLAIR imaging: is it reliable? J Neurosurg 129:839\u2013841, 2018 (Letter)2972676310.3171\/2017.12.JNS173041"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.008","article-title":"Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men","volume":"240","author":"Weber F","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weber F, Knopf H: Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men. J Neurol Sci 240:81\u201384, 20061625614110.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.008"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3943","article-title":"The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Wind JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wind JJ, Lonser RR, Nieman LK, DeVroom HL, Chang R, Oldfield EH: The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2285\u20132293, 20132355386210.1210\/jc.2012-3943"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<808::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"MR imaging of pituitary morphology in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Yuh WT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yuh WT, Zhu M, Taoka T, Quets JP, Maley JE, Muhonen MG, : MR imaging of pituitary morphology in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:808\u2013813, 200010.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<808::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-N11105018"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1953","article-title":"Reversible empty sella in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an indicator of successful therapy?","volume":"17","author":"Zagardo MT","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zagardo MT, Cail WS, Kelman SE, Rothman MI: Reversible empty sella in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an indicator of successful therapy? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:1953\u20131956, 19968933886"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367338","article-title":"CSF circulation in subjects with the empty sella syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Brismar K","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brismar K, Bergstrand G: CSF circulation in subjects with the empty sella syndrome. Neuroradiology 21:167\u2013175, 1981725451410.1007\/BF00367338"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901","article-title":"Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature","volume":"129","author":"Carr SB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carr SB, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Kerr JM, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Wierman ME, Lillehei KO: Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature. J Neurosurg 129:1260\u20131267, 201810.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.JNS17234","article-title":"Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Chatain GP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chatain GP, Patronas N, Smirniotopoulos JG, Piazza M, Benzo S, Ray-Chaudhury A, : Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg 129:620\u2013628, 20182902786310.3171\/2017.4.JNS17234"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.697215","article-title":"Persistence of primary empty sella syndrome despite obesity surgery: report of two unusual cases","volume":"26","author":"D\u2019Alessandris QG","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u2019Alessandris QG, Montano N, Bianchi F, Doglietto F, Fernandez E, Pallini R, : Persistence of primary empty sella syndrome despite obesity surgery: report of two unusual cases. Br J Neurosurg 26:875\u2013876, 20122272571310.3109\/02688697.2012.697215"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0288","article-title":"Primary empty sella","volume":"90","author":"De Marinis L","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Marinis L, Bonadonna S, Bianchi A, Maira G, Giustina A: Primary empty sella. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5471\u20135477, 200510.1210\/jc.2005-028815972577"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s disease: an epidemiological approach","volume":"40","author":"Etxabe J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Etxabe J, Vazquez JA: Morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s disease: an epidemiological approach. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40:479\u2013484, 199410.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Headache","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13057","article-title":"Incidental findings and normal anatomical variants on MRI of the brain in adults for primary headaches","volume":"57","author":"Evans RW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans RW: Incidental findings and normal anatomical variants on MRI of the brain in adults for primary headaches. Headache 57:780\u2013791, 201710.1111\/head.1305728294311"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0416-6","article-title":"Primary empty sella (PES): a review of 175 cases","volume":"16","author":"Guitelman M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guitelman M, Garcia Basavilbaso N, Vitale M, Chervin A, Katz D, Miragaya K, : Primary empty sella (PES): a review of 175 cases. Pituitary 16:270\u2013274, 20132287574310.1007\/s11102-012-0416-6"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1427","article-title":"Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas","volume":"71","author":"Herman V","year":"1990","unstructured":"Herman V, Fagin J, Gonsky R, Kovacs K, Melmed S: Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1427\u20131433, 1990197775910.1210\/jcem-71-6-1427"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0831","article-title":"Primary empty sella syndrome in a series of 142 patients","volume":"103","author":"Maira G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maira G, Anile C, Mangiola A: Primary empty sella syndrome in a series of 142 patients. J Neurosurg 103:831\u2013836, 200510.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0831"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Endocr Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1048","article-title":"The treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Pivonello R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pivonello R, De Leo M, Cozzolino A, Colao A: The treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease. Endocr Rev 36:385\u2013486, 20152606771810.1210\/er.2013-1048"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.06.118","article-title":"Normal neuroanatomical variants that may be misinterpreted as disease entities","volume":"72","author":"Ramji S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramji S, Touska P, Rich P, MacKinnon AD: Normal neuroanatomical variants that may be misinterpreted as disease entities. Clin Radiol 72:810\u2013825, 201710.1016\/j.crad.2017.06.11828747250"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9013","article-title":"Factors determining the clinical significance of an \"empty\" sella turcica","volume":"200","author":"Saindane AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saindane AM, Lim PP, Aiken A, Chen Z, Hudgins PA: Factors determining the clinical significance of an \"empty\" sella turcica. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:1125\u20131131, 201310.2214\/AJR.12.901323617499"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2003.43","article-title":"Significance of empty sella in cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"128","author":"Schlosser RJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schlosser RJ, Bolger WE: Significance of empty sella in cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:32\u201338, 20031257475610.1067\/mhn.2003.43"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan","volume":"46","author":"Semple PL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Semple PL, Vance ML, Findling J, Laws ER Jr: Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neurosurgery 46:553\u2013559, 20001071985010.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.507","article-title":"Increased intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac filling pressures in obesity-associated pseudotumor cerebri","volume":"49","author":"Sugerman HJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sugerman HJ, DeMaria EJ, Felton WL III, Nakatsuka M, Sismanis A: Increased intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac filling pressures in obesity-associated pseudotumor cerebri. Neurology 49:507\u2013511, 199710.1212\/WNL.49.2.5079270586"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing\u2019s disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience","volume":"76","author":"Sun Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun Y, Sun Q, Fan C, Shen J, Zhao W, Guo Y, : Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing\u2019s disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:868\u2013876, 201210.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530315666151001141507","article-title":"An unusual case of reversible empty sella","volume":"16","author":"Triggiani V","year":"2016","unstructured":"Triggiani V, Giagulli VA, Moschetta M, Guastamacchia E: An unusual case of reversible empty sella. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 16:154\u2013156, 20162642358110.2174\/1871530315666151001141507"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.12","article-title":"Management of Cushing disease","volume":"7","author":"Tritos NA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tritos NA, Biller BM, Swearingen B: Management of Cushing disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7:279\u2013289, 20112130148710.1038\/nrendo.2011.12"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.071","article-title":"Surgical outcome of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma with empty sella using a new classification","volume":"105","author":"Wang Q","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Guo X, Gao L, Wang Z, Deng K, Lian W, : Surgical outcome of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma with empty sella using a new classification. World Neurosurg 105:651\u2013658, 20172864218110.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.071"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS173041","article-title":"Detection of MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease by FLAIR imaging: is it reliable?","volume":"129","author":"Wang Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xing B: Detection of MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease by FLAIR imaging: is it reliable? J Neurosurg 129:839\u2013841, 2018 (Letter)2972676310.3171\/2017.12.JNS173041"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.008","article-title":"Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men","volume":"240","author":"Weber F","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weber F, Knopf H: Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men. J Neurol Sci 240:81\u201384, 20061625614110.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.008"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3943","article-title":"The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Wind JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wind JJ, Lonser RR, Nieman LK, DeVroom HL, Chang R, Oldfield EH: The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2285\u20132293, 20132355386210.1210\/jc.2012-3943"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<808::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"MR imaging of pituitary morphology in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Yuh WT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yuh WT, Zhu M, Taoka T, Quets JP, Maley JE, Muhonen MG, : MR imaging of pituitary morphology in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:808\u2013813, 200010.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<808::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-N11105018"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1953","article-title":"Reversible empty sella in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an indicator of successful therapy?","volume":"17","author":"Zagardo MT","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zagardo MT, Cail WS, Kelman SE, Rothman MI: Reversible empty sella in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an indicator of successful therapy? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:1953\u20131956, 19968933886"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/48\/6\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/48\/6\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/48\/6\/article-pE3.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:38:59Z","timestamp":1778315939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/48\/6\/article-pE3.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.3.focus2084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}}}