{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:40:48Z","timestamp":1792201248948,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differentiating central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma from other intracranial malignancies remains a clinical challenge in surgical neuro-oncology. Advances in clinical fluorescence imaging contrast agents and devices may mitigate this challenge. Aptamers are a class of nanomolecules engineered to bind cellular targets with antibody-like specificity in a fraction of the staining time. Here, the authors determine if immediate ex vivo fluorescence imaging with a lymphoma-specific aptamer can rapidly and specifically diagnose xenografted orthotopic human CNS lymphoma at the time of biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors synthesized a fluorescent CNS lymphoma-specific aptamer by conjugating a lymphoma-specific aptamer with Alexa Fluor 488 (TD05-488). They modified human U251 glioma cells and Ramos lymphoma cells with a lentivirus for constitutive expression of red fluorescent protein and implanted them intracranially into athymic nude mice. Three to 4 weeks postimplantation, acute slices (biopsies, n = 28) from the xenografts were collected, placed in aptamer solution, and imaged with a Zeiss fluorescence microscope. Three aptamer staining concentrations (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 \u03bcM) and three staining times (5, 10, and 20 minutes) followed by a 1-minute wash were tested. A file of randomly selected images was distributed to neurosurgeons and neuropathologists, and their ability to distinguish CNS lymphoma from negative controls was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three staining times and concentrations of TD05-488 were tested to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CNS lymphoma within a frozen section time frame. An 11-minute staining protocol with 1.0-\u03bcM TD05-488 was most efficient, labeling 77% of positive control lymphoma cells and less than 1% of negative control glioma cells (p &lt; 0.001). This protocol permitted clinicians to positively identify all positive control lymphoma images without misdiagnosing negative control images from astrocytoma and normal brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ex vivo fluorescence imaging is an emerging technique for generating rapid histopathological diagnoses. Ex vivo imaging with a novel aptamer-based fluorescent nanomolecule could provide an intraoperative tumor-specific diagnosis of CNS lymphoma within 11 minutes of biopsy. Neurosurgeons and neuropathologists interpreted images generated with this molecular probe with high sensitivity and specificity. Clinical application of TD05-488 may permit specific intraoperative diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in a fraction of the time required for antibody staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.jns192476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T03:43:35Z","timestamp":1596771815000},"page":"1783-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Provision of rapid and specific ex vivo diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma from rodent xenograft biopsies by a fluorescent aptamer"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Georges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biodesign Institute,"},{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biodesign Institute,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biodesign Institute,"},{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Woolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Valeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zein","family":"Al-Atrache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgenii","family":"Belykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burt G.","family":"Feuerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"},{"name":"Child Health, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Preul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne C.","family":"Scheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Reiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Gopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Abington Hospital\u2013Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denah","family":"Appelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Yocom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Eschbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; 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