{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:04:02Z","timestamp":1780131842945,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) technique is used to treat many common spinal degenerative pathologies including kyphoscoliosis. The use of spinal navigation for LLIF has not been broadly adopted, especially in adult spinal deformity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility as well as the intraoperative and navigation-related complications of computer-assisted 3D navigation (CaN) during multiple-level LLIF for spinal deformity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective analysis of clinical and operative characteristics was performed for all patients > 18 years of age who underwent multiple-level CaN LLIF combined with posterior instrumentation for adult spinal deformity at the University of Michigan between 2014 and 2020. Intraoperative CaN-related complications, LLIF approach\u2013related postoperative complications, and medical postoperative complications were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty-nine patients were identified. The mean age was 66.3 years (range 42\u201383 years) and body mass index was 27.6 kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (range 18\u201343 kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). The average coronal Cobb angle was 26.8\u00b0 (range 3.6\u00b0\u201367.0\u00b0) and sagittal vertical axis was 6.3 cm (range \u22122.3 to 14.7 cm). The average number of LLIF and posterior instrumentation levels were 2.97 cages (range 2\u20135 cages) and 5.78 levels (range 3\u201314 levels), respectively. A total of 6 intraoperative complications related to the LLIF stage occurred in 5 patients. Three of these were CaN-related and occurred in 2 patients (3.4%), including 1 misplaced lateral interbody cage (0.6% of 175 total lateral cages placed) requiring intraoperative revision. No patient required a return to the operating room for a misplaced interbody cage. A total of 12 intraoperative complications related to the posterior stage occurred in 11 patients, with 5 being CaN-related and occurring in 4 patients (6.8%). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no statistically significant risk factors for intraoperative and CaN-related complications. Transient hip weakness and numbness were found to be in 20.3% and 22.0% of patients, respectively. At the 1-month follow-up, weakness was observed in 3.4% and numbness in 11.9% of patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Use of CaN in multiple-level LLIF in the treatment of adult spinal deformity appears to be a safe and effective technique. The incidence of approach-related complications with CaN was 3.4% and cage placement accuracy was high.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.5.focus20353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T06:32:03Z","timestamp":1598941923000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The feasibility of computer-assisted 3D navigation in multiple-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior instrumentation for adult spinal deformity"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Strong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri Sahib S.","family":"Khalsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamaan S.","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Swong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama N.","family":"Kashlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Szerlip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Oppenlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.012","article-title":"Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): a novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"6","author":"Ozgur BM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozgur BM, Aryan HE, Pimenta L, Taylor WR. Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): a novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. 2006;6(4):435\u2013443.1682505210.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9444-1","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion\u2014outcomes and complications","volume":"10","author":"Salzmann SN","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salzmann SN, Shue J, Hughes AP. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion\u2014outcomes and complications. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10(4):539\u2013546.10.1007\/s12178-017-9444-129038952"},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e1040a","article-title":"Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extreme lateral interbody fusion: an analysis of 600 cases","volume":"36","author":"Rodgers WB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodgers WB, Gerber EJ, Patterson J. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extreme lateral interbody fusion: an analysis of 600 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(1):26\u201332.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e1040a"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3263-5","article-title":"Is the lateral transpsoas approach feasible for the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis?","volume":"472","author":"Castro C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castro C, Oliveira L, Amaral R, Is the lateral transpsoas approach feasible for the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(6):1776\u20131783.2399609710.1007\/s11999-013-3263-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.050","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion for sagittal balance correction and spinal deformity","volume":"22","author":"Phan K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phan K, Rao PJ, Scherman DB, Lateral lumbar interbody fusion for sagittal balance correction and spinal deformity. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(11):1714\u20131721.2619021810.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.050"},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181ecf995","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiographic outcomes at 1 year: a preliminary report","volume":"24","author":"Sharma AK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma AK, Kepler CK, Girardi FP, Lateral lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiographic outcomes at 1 year: a preliminary report. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2011;24(4):242\u2013250.10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181ecf99520844451"},{"issue":"26)(suppl","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S368","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182027976","article-title":"Electromyographic monitoring and its anatomical implications in minimally invasive spine surgery","volume":"35","author":"Uribe JS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uribe JS, Vale FL, Dakwar E. Electromyographic monitoring and its anatomical implications in minimally invasive spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(26)(suppl):S368\u2013S374.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182027976"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.11.020","article-title":"Patient and surgeon radiation exposure during spinal instrumentation using intraoperative computed tomography-based navigation","volume":"16","author":"Mendelsohn D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendelsohn D, Strelzow J, Dea N, Patient and surgeon radiation exposure during spinal instrumentation using intraoperative computed tomography-based navigation. Spine J. 2016;16(3):343\u2013354.10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.11.02026686604"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.450","article-title":"Surgeon radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery","volume":"8","author":"Nottmeier EW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nottmeier EW, Bowman C, Nelson KL. Surgeon radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery. Int J Med Robot. 2012;8(2):196\u2013200.10.1002\/rcs.45022114012"},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE12719","article-title":"Operating room radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery: clinical article","volume":"19","author":"Nottmeier EW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nottmeier EW, Pirris SM, Edwards S, Operating room radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;19(2):226\u2013231.10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE1271923725398"},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.2.SPINE151295","article-title":"Use of 3D CT-based navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"25","author":"Joseph JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph JR, Smith BW, Patel RD, Park P. Use of 3D CT-based navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(3):339\u2013344.10.3171\/2016.2.SPINE15129527104283"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.SPINE151139","article-title":"Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases","volume":"25","author":"Costa F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costa F, Tosi G, Attuati L, Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(5):654\u2013659.2734105510.3171\/2016.3.SPINE151139"},{"issue":"17","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1074","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825786d8","article-title":"Radiation exposure to the spine surgeon in lumbar and thoracolumbar fusions with the use of an intraoperative computed tomographic 3-dimensional imaging system","volume":"37","author":"Abdullah KG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdullah KG, Bishop FS, Lubelski D, Radiation exposure to the spine surgeon in lumbar and thoracolumbar fusions with the use of an intraoperative computed tomographic 3-dimensional imaging system. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(17):E1074\u2013E1078.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825786d8"},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx176","article-title":"Analysis of intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography combined with image guidance for lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"14","author":"Liu X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Joseph JR, Smith BW, Analysis of intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography combined with image guidance for lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;14(6):620\u2013626.2897352910.1093\/ons\/opx176"},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5585-1","article-title":"Cervical pedicle screw instrumentation is more reliable with O-arm-based 3D navigation: analysis of cervical pedicle screw placement accuracy with O-arm-based 3D navigation","volume":"27","author":"Chachan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chachan S, Bin Abd Razak HR, Loo WL, Cervical pedicle screw instrumentation is more reliable with O-arm-based 3D navigation: analysis of cervical pedicle screw placement accuracy with O-arm-based 3D navigation. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(11):2729\u20132736.2965159310.1007\/s00586-018-5585-1"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5716235","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5048659","article-title":"Minimally invasive spinal surgery with intraoperative image-guided navigation","volume":"2016","author":"Kim TT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim TT, Johnson JP, Pashman R, Drazin D. Minimally invasive spinal surgery with intraoperative image-guided navigation. BioMed Res Int. 2016;2016:5716235.2721315210.1155\/2016\/5048659"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"259","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography-based spinal navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion: feasibility, technique, and initial results","volume":"11","author":"Park P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park P. Three-dimensional computed tomography-based spinal navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion: feasibility, technique, and initial results. Neurosurgery. 2015;11(suppl 2):259\u2013267.25812070"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurospine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1938358.179","article-title":"The navigated oblique lumbar interbody fusion: accuracy rate, effect on surgical time, and complications","volume":"17","author":"Xi Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xi Z, Chou D, Mummaneni PV, Burch S. The navigated oblique lumbar interbody fusion: accuracy rate, effect on surgical time, and complications. Neurospine. 2020;17(1):260\u2013267.3205414210.14245\/ns.1938358.179"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques","volume":"21","author":"Gelalis ID","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gelalis ID, Paschos NK, Pakos EE, Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(2):247\u2013255.10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-321901328"},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002173","article-title":"Intraoperative computed tomography versus 3D C-arm imaging for navigated spinal instrumentation","volume":"43","author":"Hecht N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hecht N, Yassin H, Czabanka M, Intraoperative computed tomography versus 3D C-arm imaging for navigated spinal instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(5):370\u2013377.10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002173"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.025","article-title":"Total navigation in spine surgery; a concise guide to eliminate fluoroscopy using a portable intraoperative computed tomography 3-dimensional navigation system","volume":"100","author":"Navarro-Ramirez R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Navarro-Ramirez R, Lang G, Lian X, Total navigation in spine surgery; a concise guide to eliminate fluoroscopy using a portable intraoperative computed tomography 3-dimensional navigation system. World Neurosurg. 2017;100:325\u2013335.2810452610.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"b22","series-title":"Global Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582232","article-title":"Pulmonary complications following thoracic spinal surgery: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Gabel BC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabel BC, Schnell EC, Dettori JR, Pulmonary complications following thoracic spinal surgery: a systematic review. Global Spine J. 2016;6(3):296\u2013303.10.1055\/s-0036-158223227099821"},{"issue":"9","key":"b23","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.026","article-title":"Complications of the mini-open anterolateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"19","author":"Baaj AA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baaj AA, Dakwar E, Le TV, Complications of the mini-open anterolateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(9):1265\u20131267.10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"HSS J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-012-9312-x","article-title":"Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine: technical report and early outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Meredith DS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meredith DS, Kepler CK, Huang RC, Hegde VV. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine: technical report and early outcomes. HSS J. 2013;9(1):25\u201331.2442684110.1007\/s11420-012-9312-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.SPINE09871","article-title":"Dynamically evoked, discrete-threshold electromyography in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach","volume":"14","author":"Tohmeh AG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tohmeh AG, Rodgers WB, Peterson MD. Dynamically evoked, discrete-threshold electromyography in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14(1):31\u201337.2116648610.3171\/2010.9.SPINE09871"},{"issue":"10","key":"b26","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.031","article-title":"Evaluation of hip flexion strength following lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"13","author":"Lee YP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee YP, Regev GJ, Chan J, Evaluation of hip flexion strength following lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. 2013;13(10):1259\u20131262.2385665610.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.031"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181679b8a","article-title":"Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative conditions: early complication profile","volume":"22","author":"Knight RQ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knight RQ, Schwaegler P, Hanscom D, Roh J. Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative conditions: early complication profile. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2009;22(1):34\u201337.1919043210.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181679b8a"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.14444\/2062","article-title":"Systematic review of thigh symptoms after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion for adult patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease","volume":"9","author":"Gammal ID","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gammal ID, Spivak JM, Bendo JA. Systematic review of thigh symptoms after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion for adult patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease. Int J Spine Surg. 2015;9:62.2676715410.14444\/2062"},{"issue":"1","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.SPINE10374","article-title":"An analysis of postoperative thigh symptoms after minimally invasive transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"15","author":"Cummock MD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cummock MD, Vanni S, Levi AD, An analysis of postoperative thigh symptoms after minimally invasive transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(1):11\u201318.10.3171\/2011.2.SPINE1037421476801"},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.FOCUS11137","article-title":"Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion and transpsoas approach-related morbidity","volume":"31","author":"Moller DJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moller DJ, Slimack NP, Acosta FL Jr, Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion and transpsoas approach-related morbidity. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;31(4):E4.2196186710.3171\/2011.7.FOCUS11137"},{"issue":"2","key":"b31","series-title":"J Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.03.017","article-title":"Comparison of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with open versus percutaneous screw fixation for adult degenerative scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"Attenello J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Attenello J, Chang C, Lee Y-P, Comparison of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with open versus percutaneous screw fixation for adult degenerative scoliosis. J Orthop. 2018;15(2):486\u2013489.2988118210.1016\/j.jor.2018.03.017"},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.FOCUS09263","article-title":"Complications and radiographic correction in adult scoliosis following combined transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation","volume":"28","author":"Tormenti MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tormenti MJ, Maserati MB, Bonfield CM, Complications and radiographic correction in adult scoliosis following combined transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(3):E7.10.3171\/2010.1.FOCUS0926320192667"},{"issue":"7","key":"b33","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318167b06b","article-title":"Minimally invasive multilevel percutaneous correction and fusion for adult lumbar degenerative scoliosis: a technique and feasibility study","volume":"21","author":"Anand N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anand N, Baron EM, Thaiyananthan G, Minimally invasive multilevel percutaneous correction and fusion for adult lumbar degenerative scoliosis: a technique and feasibility study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008;21(7):459\u2013467.10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318167b06b18836355"},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.012","article-title":"Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): a novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"6","author":"Ozgur BM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozgur BM, Aryan HE, Pimenta L, Taylor WR. Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF): a novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. 2006;6(4):435\u2013443.1682505210.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9444-1","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion\u2014outcomes and complications","volume":"10","author":"Salzmann SN","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salzmann SN, Shue J, Hughes AP. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion\u2014outcomes and complications. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10(4):539\u2013546.10.1007\/s12178-017-9444-129038952"},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e1040a","article-title":"Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extreme lateral interbody fusion: an analysis of 600 cases","volume":"36","author":"Rodgers WB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodgers WB, Gerber EJ, Patterson J. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extreme lateral interbody fusion: an analysis of 600 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(1):26\u201332.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e1040a"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3263-5","article-title":"Is the lateral transpsoas approach feasible for the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis?","volume":"472","author":"Castro C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castro C, Oliveira L, Amaral R, Is the lateral transpsoas approach feasible for the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(6):1776\u20131783.2399609710.1007\/s11999-013-3263-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.050","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion for sagittal balance correction and spinal deformity","volume":"22","author":"Phan K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phan K, Rao PJ, Scherman DB, Lateral lumbar interbody fusion for sagittal balance correction and spinal deformity. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(11):1714\u20131721.2619021810.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.050"},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181ecf995","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiographic outcomes at 1 year: a preliminary report","volume":"24","author":"Sharma AK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma AK, Kepler CK, Girardi FP, Lateral lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiographic outcomes at 1 year: a preliminary report. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2011;24(4):242\u2013250.10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181ecf99520844451"},{"issue":"26)(suppl","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S368","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182027976","article-title":"Electromyographic monitoring and its anatomical implications in minimally invasive spine surgery","volume":"35","author":"Uribe JS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uribe JS, Vale FL, Dakwar E. Electromyographic monitoring and its anatomical implications in minimally invasive spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(26)(suppl):S368\u2013S374.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182027976"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.11.020","article-title":"Patient and surgeon radiation exposure during spinal instrumentation using intraoperative computed tomography-based navigation","volume":"16","author":"Mendelsohn D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendelsohn D, Strelzow J, Dea N, Patient and surgeon radiation exposure during spinal instrumentation using intraoperative computed tomography-based navigation. Spine J. 2016;16(3):343\u2013354.10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.11.02026686604"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.450","article-title":"Surgeon radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery","volume":"8","author":"Nottmeier EW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nottmeier EW, Bowman C, Nelson KL. Surgeon radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery. Int J Med Robot. 2012;8(2):196\u2013200.10.1002\/rcs.45022114012"},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE12719","article-title":"Operating room radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery: clinical article","volume":"19","author":"Nottmeier EW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nottmeier EW, Pirris SM, Edwards S, Operating room radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography-based, image-guided spinal surgery: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;19(2):226\u2013231.10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE1271923725398"},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.2.SPINE151295","article-title":"Use of 3D CT-based navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"25","author":"Joseph JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph JR, Smith BW, Patel RD, Park P. Use of 3D CT-based navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(3):339\u2013344.10.3171\/2016.2.SPINE15129527104283"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.SPINE151139","article-title":"Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases","volume":"25","author":"Costa F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costa F, Tosi G, Attuati L, Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(5):654\u2013659.2734105510.3171\/2016.3.SPINE151139"},{"issue":"17","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1074","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825786d8","article-title":"Radiation exposure to the spine surgeon in lumbar and thoracolumbar fusions with the use of an intraoperative computed tomographic 3-dimensional imaging system","volume":"37","author":"Abdullah KG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdullah KG, Bishop FS, Lubelski D, Radiation exposure to the spine surgeon in lumbar and thoracolumbar fusions with the use of an intraoperative computed tomographic 3-dimensional imaging system. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(17):E1074\u2013E1078.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825786d8"},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx176","article-title":"Analysis of intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography combined with image guidance for lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"14","author":"Liu X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Joseph JR, Smith BW, Analysis of intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography combined with image guidance for lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;14(6):620\u2013626.2897352910.1093\/ons\/opx176"},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5585-1","article-title":"Cervical pedicle screw instrumentation is more reliable with O-arm-based 3D navigation: analysis of cervical pedicle screw placement accuracy with O-arm-based 3D navigation","volume":"27","author":"Chachan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chachan S, Bin Abd Razak HR, Loo WL, Cervical pedicle screw instrumentation is more reliable with O-arm-based 3D navigation: analysis of cervical pedicle screw placement accuracy with O-arm-based 3D navigation. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(11):2729\u20132736.2965159310.1007\/s00586-018-5585-1"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5716235","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5048659","article-title":"Minimally invasive spinal surgery with intraoperative image-guided navigation","volume":"2016","author":"Kim TT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim TT, Johnson JP, Pashman R, Drazin D. Minimally invasive spinal surgery with intraoperative image-guided navigation. BioMed Res Int. 2016;2016:5716235.2721315210.1155\/2016\/5048659"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"259","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography-based spinal navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion: feasibility, technique, and initial results","volume":"11","author":"Park P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park P. Three-dimensional computed tomography-based spinal navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion: feasibility, technique, and initial results. Neurosurgery. 2015;11(suppl 2):259\u2013267.25812070"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurospine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1938358.179","article-title":"The navigated oblique lumbar interbody fusion: accuracy rate, effect on surgical time, and complications","volume":"17","author":"Xi Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xi Z, Chou D, Mummaneni PV, Burch S. The navigated oblique lumbar interbody fusion: accuracy rate, effect on surgical time, and complications. Neurospine. 2020;17(1):260\u2013267.3205414210.14245\/ns.1938358.179"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques","volume":"21","author":"Gelalis ID","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gelalis ID, Paschos NK, Pakos EE, Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(2):247\u2013255.10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-321901328"},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002173","article-title":"Intraoperative computed tomography versus 3D C-arm imaging for navigated spinal instrumentation","volume":"43","author":"Hecht N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hecht N, Yassin H, Czabanka M, Intraoperative computed tomography versus 3D C-arm imaging for navigated spinal instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;43(5):370\u2013377.10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002173"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.025","article-title":"Total navigation in spine surgery; a concise guide to eliminate fluoroscopy using a portable intraoperative computed tomography 3-dimensional navigation system","volume":"100","author":"Navarro-Ramirez R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Navarro-Ramirez R, Lang G, Lian X, Total navigation in spine surgery; a concise guide to eliminate fluoroscopy using a portable intraoperative computed tomography 3-dimensional navigation system. World Neurosurg. 2017;100:325\u2013335.2810452610.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"b22","series-title":"Global Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582232","article-title":"Pulmonary complications following thoracic spinal surgery: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Gabel BC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabel BC, Schnell EC, Dettori JR, Pulmonary complications following thoracic spinal surgery: a systematic review. Global Spine J. 2016;6(3):296\u2013303.10.1055\/s-0036-158223227099821"},{"issue":"9","key":"b23","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.026","article-title":"Complications of the mini-open anterolateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"19","author":"Baaj AA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baaj AA, Dakwar E, Le TV, Complications of the mini-open anterolateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(9):1265\u20131267.10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"HSS J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-012-9312-x","article-title":"Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine: technical report and early outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Meredith DS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meredith DS, Kepler CK, Huang RC, Hegde VV. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine: technical report and early outcomes. HSS J. 2013;9(1):25\u201331.2442684110.1007\/s11420-012-9312-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.SPINE09871","article-title":"Dynamically evoked, discrete-threshold electromyography in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach","volume":"14","author":"Tohmeh AG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tohmeh AG, Rodgers WB, Peterson MD. Dynamically evoked, discrete-threshold electromyography in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14(1):31\u201337.2116648610.3171\/2010.9.SPINE09871"},{"issue":"10","key":"b26","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.031","article-title":"Evaluation of hip flexion strength following lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"13","author":"Lee YP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee YP, Regev GJ, Chan J, Evaluation of hip flexion strength following lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. 2013;13(10):1259\u20131262.2385665610.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.031"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181679b8a","article-title":"Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative conditions: early complication profile","volume":"22","author":"Knight RQ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knight RQ, Schwaegler P, Hanscom D, Roh J. Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative conditions: early complication profile. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2009;22(1):34\u201337.1919043210.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181679b8a"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.14444\/2062","article-title":"Systematic review of thigh symptoms after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion for adult patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease","volume":"9","author":"Gammal ID","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gammal ID, Spivak JM, Bendo JA. Systematic review of thigh symptoms after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion for adult patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease. Int J Spine Surg. 2015;9:62.2676715410.14444\/2062"},{"issue":"1","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.SPINE10374","article-title":"An analysis of postoperative thigh symptoms after minimally invasive transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"15","author":"Cummock MD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cummock MD, Vanni S, Levi AD, An analysis of postoperative thigh symptoms after minimally invasive transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(1):11\u201318.10.3171\/2011.2.SPINE1037421476801"},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.FOCUS11137","article-title":"Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion and transpsoas approach-related morbidity","volume":"31","author":"Moller DJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moller DJ, Slimack NP, Acosta FL Jr, Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion and transpsoas approach-related morbidity. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;31(4):E4.2196186710.3171\/2011.7.FOCUS11137"},{"issue":"2","key":"b31","series-title":"J Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.03.017","article-title":"Comparison of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with open versus percutaneous screw fixation for adult degenerative scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"Attenello J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Attenello J, Chang C, Lee Y-P, Comparison of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with open versus percutaneous screw fixation for adult degenerative scoliosis. J Orthop. 2018;15(2):486\u2013489.2988118210.1016\/j.jor.2018.03.017"},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.FOCUS09263","article-title":"Complications and radiographic correction in adult scoliosis following combined transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation","volume":"28","author":"Tormenti MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tormenti MJ, Maserati MB, Bonfield CM, Complications and radiographic correction in adult scoliosis following combined transpsoas extreme lateral interbody fusion and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(3):E7.10.3171\/2010.1.FOCUS0926320192667"},{"issue":"7","key":"b33","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318167b06b","article-title":"Minimally invasive multilevel percutaneous correction and fusion for adult lumbar degenerative scoliosis: a technique and feasibility study","volume":"21","author":"Anand N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anand N, Baron EM, Thaiyananthan G, Minimally invasive multilevel percutaneous correction and fusion for adult lumbar degenerative scoliosis: a technique and feasibility study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008;21(7):459\u2013467.10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318167b06b18836355"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/3\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/3\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/3\/article-pE4.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:35:01Z","timestamp":1780130101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/3\/article-pE4.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.5.focus20353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}}}