{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:44:38Z","timestamp":1792806278915,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Connectomics is the production and study of detailed \u201cconnection\u201d maps within the nervous system. With unprecedented advances in imaging and high-performance computing, the construction of individualized connectomes for routine neurosurgical use is on the horizon. Multiple projects, including the Human Connectome Project (HCP), have unraveled new and exciting data describing the functional and structural connectivity of the brain. However, the abstraction from much of these data to clinical relevance remains elusive. In the context of preserving neurological function after supratentorial surgery, abstracting surgically salient points from the vast computational data in connectomics is of paramount importance. Herein, the authors discuss four interesting observations from the HCP data that have surgical relevance, with an emphasis on the cortical organization of language: 1) the existence of a motor speech area outside of Broca\u2019s area, 2) the eloquence of the frontal aslant tract, 3) the explanation of the medial frontal cognitive control networks, and 4) the establishment of the second ventral stream of language processing. From these connectome observations, the authors discuss the anatomical basis of their insights as well as relevant clinical applications. Together, these observations provide a firm platform for neurosurgeons to advance their knowledge of the cortical networks involved in language and to ultimately improve surgical outcomes. It is hoped that this report encourages neurosurgeons to explore new vistas in connectome-based neurosurgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.5.jns191281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T03:43:57Z","timestamp":1596167037000},"page":"1959-1966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The cortical organization of language: distilling human connectome insights for supratentorial neurosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Anujan","family":"Poologaindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge;"},{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Sughrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Nat Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4361","article-title":"The Human Connectome Project\u2019s neuroimaging approach","volume":"19","author":"Glasser\n \nMF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glasser\n \nMF\n\n, \n\nSmith\n \nSM\n\n, \n\nMarcus\n \nDS\n\n, \n\n\n \nThe Human Connectome Project\u2019s neuroimaging approach\n. \nNat Neurosci\n. \n2016\n;\n19\n(\n9\n):\n1175\n\u2013\n1187\n.\n2757119610.1038\/nn.4361"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore\n \nE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bullmore\n \nE\n\n, \n\nSporns\n \nO\n\n\n. \nComplex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems\n. \nNat Rev Neurosci\n. \n2009\n;\n10\n(\n3\n):\n186\n\u2013\n198\n.\n10.1038\/nrn257519190637"},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E80","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa094","article-title":"Elucidating the principles of brain network organization through neurosurgery. 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