{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:43:08Z","timestamp":1792201388898,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After craniectomy, although intracranial pressure (ICP) is controlled, episodes of brain hypoxia might still occur. Cerebral hypoxia is an indicator of poor outcome independently of ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure. No study has systematically evaluated the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy. The authors\u2019 objective was to describe the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors included 25 consecutive patients who underwent a craniectomy after traumatic brain injury or intracerebral hemorrhage and who were monitored afterward with a brain tissue oxygen pressure monitor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of hypoxic values after surgery was 14.6% despite ICP being controlled. Patients had a mean of 18 \u00b1 23 hypoxic episodes. Endotracheal (ET) secretions (17.4%), low cerebral perfusion pressure (10.3%), and mobilizing the patient (8.6%) were the most common causes identified. Elevated ICP was rarely identified as the cause of hypoxia (4%). No cause of cerebral hypoxia could be determined 31.2% of the time. Effective treatments that were mainly used included sedation\/analgesia (20.8%), ET secretion suctioning (15.4%), and increase in fraction of inspired oxygen or positive end-expiratory pressure (14.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral hypoxia is common after craniectomy, despite ICP being controlled. ET secretion and patient mobilization are common causes that are easily treatable and often not identified by standard monitoring. These results suggest that monitoring should be pursued even if ICP is controlled. The authors\u2019 findings might provide a hypothesis to explain the poor functional outcome in the recent randomized controlled trials on craniectomy after traumatic brain injury where in which brain tissue oxygen pressure was not measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.6.jns20776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T02:49:12Z","timestamp":1604630952000},"page":"554-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Incidence and characteristics of cerebral hypoxia after craniectomy in brain-injured patients: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Alexandrine","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al;"},{"name":"Neurosurgical Department, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al;"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al;"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al; 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