{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1792806215903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal, acquired arteriovenous connections within the dural leaflets. Their associated symptoms may be mild or severe and are related to the patient\u2019s venous anatomy. With the hypothesis that the patient\u2019s venous anatomy determines the development of symptoms, the authors aimed to identify which venous anatomy elements are important in the development of major symptoms in patients with a DAVF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter study was performed based on the retrospective analysis of cerebral angiographies with systematic assessment of brain drainage pathways (including fistula drainage) in patients over 18 years of age with a single DAVF. The patients were divided into two groups: those with minor (group 1, n = 112) and those with major (group 2, n = 89) symptoms. Group 2 was subdivided into two groups: patients with hemorrhage (group 2a, n = 47) and patients with severe nonhemorrhagic symptoms (group 2b, n = 42).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of stenosis in DAVF venous drainage and the identification of tiny anastomoses between venous territories were significantly higher in group 2 (32.6% and 19.1%, respectively) compared with group 1 (2.68% and 5.36%, respectively). Stenosis of DAVF venous drainage was significantly more frequent in group 2a than in group 2b (51.1% vs 11.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Group 2b patients had increased prevalence of shared use of the cerebral main drainage pathway (85.0% vs 53.2%, p = 0.002), the absence of an alternative route (45.0% vs 17.0%, p = 0.004), and the presence of contrast stagnation (62.5% vs 29.8%, p = 0.002) compared with group 2a patients. In patients with high-grade fistulas, the group with major symptoms had increased prevalence of a single draining direction (31.3% vs 8.33%, p = 0.003), stenosis in the draining vein (35.0% vs 6.25%, p = 0.000), the absence of an alternative pathway for brain drainage (31.3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.017), and the presence of contrast stagnation (48.8% vs 22.9%, p = 0.004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major symptoms were observed when normal brain tissue venous drainage was impaired by competition with DAVF (predominance in group 2b) or when DAVF venous drainage had anatomical characteristics that hindered drainage, with consequent venous hypertension on the venous side of the DAVF (predominance in group 2a). The same findings were observed when comparing two groups of patients with high-grade lesions: those with major versus those with minor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.6.jns20922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T02:47:00Z","timestamp":1605235620000},"page":"440-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cerebral venous drainage in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlation with clinical presentation"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira de","family":"Melo Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal\/RN, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo E.","family":"Pelinca da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal\/RN, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilson","family":"Pinheiro Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal\/RN, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L.","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal\/RN, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Rodesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, H\u00f4pital Foch, Suresnes, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Bracard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, CHRU Nancy, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio G.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal\/RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"884","article-title":"Development of acquired arteriovenous fistulas in rats due to venous hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Terada\n \nT","year":"1994","unstructured":"Terada\n \nT\n\n, \n\nHigashida\n \nRT\n\n, \n\nHalbach\n \nVV\n\n, \n\n\n \nDevelopment of acquired arteriovenous fistulas in rats due to venous hypertension\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n1994\n;\n80\n(\n5\n):\n884\n\u2013\n889\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Redefined role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous malformations","volume":"87","author":"Lawton\n \nMT","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawton\n \nMT\n\n, \n\nJacobowitz\n \nR\n\n, \n\nSpetzler\n \nRF\n\n\n. \nRedefined role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous malformations\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n1997\n;\n87\n(\n2\n):\n267\n\u2013\n274\n."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Mol Med Rep","first-page":"1551","article-title":"A pivotal role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the formation of venous hypertension-induced dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"9","author":"Li\n \nQ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li\n \nQ\n\n, \n\nZhang\n \nQ\n\n, \n\nHuang\n \nQH\n\n, \n\n\n \nA pivotal role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the formation of venous hypertension-induced dural arteriovenous fistulas\n. \nMol Med Rep\n. \n2014\n;\n9\n(\n5\n):\n1551\n\u2013\n1558\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of a type 2a dural arteriovenous fistula following late recanalization of the occluded sinus","volume":"16","author":"Warren\n \nDJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Warren\n \nDJ\n\n, \n\nCraven\n \nI\n\n, \n\nRomanowski\n \nCAJ\n\n, \n\nColey\n \nSC\n\n\n. \nSpontaneous closure of a type 2a dural arteriovenous fistula following late recanalization of the occluded sinus\n. \nInterv Neuroradiol\n. \n2010\n;\n16\n(\n3\n):\n282\n\u2013\n285\n."},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"973","article-title":"Local chronic hypoperfusion secondary to sinus high pressure seems to be mainly responsible for the formation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"64","author":"Chen\n \nL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen\n \nL\n\n, \n\nMao\n \nY\n\n, \n\nZhou\n \nLF\n\n\n. \nLocal chronic hypoperfusion secondary to sinus high pressure seems to be mainly responsible for the formation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2009\n;\n64\n(\n5\n):\n973\n\u2013\n983\n."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"BMC Neurosci","first-page":"101","article-title":"Investigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model","volume":"15","author":"Wang\n \nSS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang\n \nSS\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nCH\n\n, \n\nZhang\n \nXJ\n\n, \n\nWang\n \nRM\n\n\n. \nInvestigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model\n. \nBMC Neurosci\n. \n2014\n;\n15\n:\n101\n."},{"issue":"7","key":"b7","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: clinical presentation and management strategies","volume":"46","author":"Miller\n \nTR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller\n \nTR\n\n, \n\nGandhi\n \nD\n\n\n. \nIntracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: clinical presentation and management strategies\n. \nStroke\n. \n2015\n;\n46\n(\n7\n):\n2017\n\u2013\n2025\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E310","article-title":"Familial intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"72","author":"Orina\n \nJN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orina\n \nJN\n\n, \n\nDaniels\n \nDJ\n\n, \n\nLanzino\n \nG\n\n\n. \nFamilial intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2013\n;\n72\n(\n2\n):\nE310\n\u2013\nE313\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"245","article-title":"Acquired pial and dural arteriovenous fistulae following superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in patients with protein S deficiency: a report of two cases","volume":"54","author":"Matsubara\n \nS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsubara\n \nS\n\n, \n\nSatoh\n \nK\n\n, \n\nSatomi\n \nJ\n\n, \n\n\n \nAcquired pial and dural arteriovenous fistulae following superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in patients with protein S deficiency: a report of two cases\n. \nNeurol Med Chir (Tokyo)\n. \n2014\n;\n54\n(\n3\n):\n245\n\u2013\n252\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"56","article-title":"Thrombophilic factors and the formation of dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"107","author":"van Dijk\n \nJMC","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Dijk\n \nJMC\n\n, \n\nTerBrugge\n \nKG\n\n, \n\nVan der Meer\n \nFJ\n\n, \n\n\n \nThrombophilic factors and the formation of dural arteriovenous fistulas\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n2007\n;\n107\n(\n1\n):\n56\n\u2013\n59\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"166","article-title":"A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment","volume":"82","author":"Borden\n \nJA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Borden\n \nJA\n\n, \n\nWu\n \nJK\n\n, \n\nShucart\n \nWA\n\n\n. \nA proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n1995\n;\n82\n(\n2\n):\n166\n\u2013\n179\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard\n \nC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard\n \nC\n\n, \n\nGobin\n \nYP\n\n, \n\nPierot\n \nL\n\n, \n\n\n \nCerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage\n. \nRadiology\n. \n1995\n;\n194\n(\n3\n):\n671\n\u2013\n680\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"63","article-title":"Epidemiology of dural arteriovenous fistula in Japan: analysis of Japanese registry of neuroendovascular therapy (JR-NET2)","volume":"54","author":"Hiramatsu\n \nM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiramatsu\n \nM\n\n, \n\nSugiu\n \nK\n\n, \n\nHishikawa\n \nT\n\n, \n\n\n \nEpidemiology of dural arteriovenous fistula in Japan: analysis of Japanese registry of neuroendovascular therapy (JR-NET2)\n. \nNeurol Med Chir (Tokyo)\n. \n2014\n;\n54\n(\n1\n):\n63\n\u2013\n71\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Clinical and angioarchitectural risk factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage in dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Li\n \nC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li\n \nC\n\n, \n\nWang\n \nY\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nY\n\n, \n\n\n \nClinical and angioarchitectural risk factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage in dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center retrospective study\n. \nPLoS One\n. \n2015\n;\n10\n(\n6\n):\ne0131235\n."},{"issue":"10","key":"b15","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1912","article-title":"Progressive versus nonprogressive intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: characteristics and outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Hetts\n \nSW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hetts\n \nSW\n\n, \n\nTsai\n \nT\n\n, \n\nCooke\n \nDL\n\n, \n\n\n \nProgressive versus nonprogressive intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: characteristics and outcomes\n. \nAJNR Am J Neuroradiol\n. \n2015\n;\n36\n(\n10\n):\n1912\n\u2013\n1919\n."},{"issue":"8","key":"b16","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1501","article-title":"Venous congestion: an MR finding in dural arteriovenous malformations with cortical venous drainage","volume":"15","author":"Willinsky\n \nR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Willinsky\n \nR\n\n, \n\nTerbrugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMontanera\n \nW\n\n, \n\n\n \nVenous congestion: an MR finding in dural arteriovenous malformations with cortical venous drainage\n. \nAJNR Am J Neuroradiol\n. \n1994\n;\n15\n(\n8\n):\n1501\n\u2013\n1507\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Tortuous, engorged pial veins in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlations with presentation, location, and MR findings in 122 patients","volume":"20","author":"Willinsky\n \nR","year":"1999","unstructured":"Willinsky\n \nR\n\n, \n\nGoyal\n \nM\n\n, \n\nterBrugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMontanera\n \nW\n\n\n. \nTortuous, engorged pial veins in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlations with presentation, location, and MR findings in 122 patients\n. \nAJNR Am J Neuroradiol\n. \n1999\n;\n20\n(\n6\n):\n1031\n\u2013\n1036\n."},{"issue":"9","key":"b18","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Venous angioarchitectural features of intracranial dural arteriovenous shunt and its relation to the clinical course","volume":"55","author":"Shin\n \nNY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shin\n \nNY\n\n, \n\nKwon\n \nYS\n\n, \n\nHa\n \nSY\n\n, \n\n\n \nVenous angioarchitectural features of intracranial dural arteriovenous shunt and its relation to the clinical course\n. \nNeuroradiology\n. \n2013\n;\n55\n(\n9\n):\n1119\n\u2013\n1127\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"628","article-title":"Risk factors for hemorrhagic presentation in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"62","author":"Singh\n \nV","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh\n \nV\n\n, \n\nSmith\n \nWS\n\n, \n\nLawton\n \nMT\n\n, \n\n\n \nRisk factors for hemorrhagic presentation in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2008\n;\n62\n(\n3\n):\n628\n\u2013\n635\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"53","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic characteristics of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas manifesting as venous infarction and\/or intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"51","author":"Miyamoto\n \nN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyamoto\n \nN\n\n, \n\nNaito\n \nI\n\n, \n\nTakatama\n \nS\n\n, \n\n\n \nClinical and angiographic characteristics of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas manifesting as venous infarction and\/or intracranial hemorrhage\n. \nNeuroradiology\n. \n2009\n;\n51\n(\n1\n):\n53\n\u2013\n60\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Natural history of dural arteriovenous shunts","volume":"39","author":"S\u00f6derman\n \nM","year":"2008","unstructured":"S\u00f6derman\n \nM\n\n, \n\nPavic\n \nL\n\n, \n\nEdner\n \nG\n\n, \n\n\n \nNatural history of dural arteriovenous shunts\n. \nStroke\n. \n2008\n;\n39\n(\n6\n):\n1735\n\u2013\n1739\n."},{"issue":"5","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data","volume":"26","author":"Zipfel\n \nGJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zipfel\n \nGJ\n\n, \n\nShah\n \nMN\n\n, \n\nRefai\n \nD\n\n, \n\n\n \nCranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data\n. \nNeurosurg Focus\n. \n2009\n;\n26\n(\n5\n):\nE14\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"295","article-title":"The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions","volume":"3","author":"Davies\n \nMA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davies\n \nMA\n\n, \n\nSaleh\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nTer Brugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\n\n \nThe natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions\n. \nInterv Neuroradiol\n. \n1997\n;\n3\n(\n4\n):\n295\n\u2013\n302\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"767","article-title":"Benign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion","volume":"97","author":"Satomi\n \nJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Satomi\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nvan Dijk\n \nJM\n\n, \n\nTerbrugge\n \nKG\n\n, \n\n\n \nBenign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n2002\n;\n97\n(\n4\n):\n767\n\u2013\n770\n."},{"issue":"7","key":"b25","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Spontaneous angiographic conversion of intracranial dural arteriovenous shunt: long-term follow-up in nontreated patients","volume":"41","author":"Kim\n \nDJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n \nDJ\n\n, \n\nterBrugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\nKrings\n \nT\n\n, \n\n\n \nSpontaneous angiographic conversion of intracranial dural arteriovenous shunt: long-term follow-up in nontreated patients\n. \nStroke\n. \n2010\n;\n41\n(\n7\n):\n1489\n\u2013\n1494\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"303","article-title":"The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 2: aggressive lesions","volume":"3","author":"Davies\n \nMA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davies\n \nMA\n\n, \n\nTer Brugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\nWillinsky\n \nR\n\n, \n\nWallace\n \nMC\n\n\n. \nThe natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 2: aggressive lesions\n. \nInterv Neuroradiol\n. \n1997\n;\n3\n(\n4\n):\n303\n\u2013\n311\n."},{"issue":"5","key":"b27","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Clinical course of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with long-term persistent cortical venous reflux","volume":"33","author":"van Dijk\n \nJMC","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Dijk\n \nJMC\n\n, \n\nterBrugge\n \nKG\n\n, \n\nWillinsky\n \nRA\n\n, \n\nWallace\n \nMC\n\n\n. \nClinical course of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with long-term persistent cortical venous reflux\n. \nStroke\n. \n2002\n;\n33\n(\n5\n):\n1233\n\u2013\n1236\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b28","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Pop\n \nR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pop\n \nR\n\n, \n\nManisor\n \nM\n\n, \n\nAloraini\n \nZ\n\n, \n\n\n \nForamen magnum dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with epilepsy\n. \nInterv Neuroradiol\n. \n2015\n;\n21\n(\n6\n):\n724\n\u2013\n727\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"Perm J","first-page":"15","article-title":"Encephalopathy resulting from dural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"20","author":"Santos\n \nAF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos\n \nAF\n\n, \n\nMachado\n \nC\n\n, \n\nVaranda\n \nS\n\n, \n\n\n \nEncephalopathy resulting from dural arteriovenous fistula\n. \nPerm J\n. \n2016\n;\n20\n(\n3\n):\n15\n\u2013\n218\n."},{"issue":"10","key":"b30","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2783","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous shunts: a new classification of craniospinal epidural venous anatomical bases and clinical correlations","volume":"39","author":"Geibprasert\n \nS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geibprasert\n \nS\n\n, \n\nPereira\n \nV\n\n, \n\nKrings\n \nT\n\n, \n\n\n \nDural arteriovenous shunts: a new classification of craniospinal epidural venous anatomical bases and clinical correlations\n. \nStroke\n. \n2008\n;\n39\n(\n10\n):\n2783\n\u2013\n2794\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"241","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: asymptomatic cortical venous drainage portends less aggressive clinical course","volume":"64","author":"Strom\n \nRG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strom\n \nRG\n\n, \n\nBotros\n \nJA\n\n, \n\nRefai\n \nD\n\n, \n\n\n \nCranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: asymptomatic cortical venous drainage portends less aggressive clinical course\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2009\n;\n64\n(\n2\n):\n241\n\u2013\n248\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b32","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"63","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications","volume":"37","author":"Baltsavias\n \nG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baltsavias\n \nG\n\n, \n\nValavanis\n \nA\n\n\n. \nEndovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications\n. \nNeurosurg Rev\n. \n2014\n;\n37\n(\n1\n):\n63\n\u2013\n71\n."},{"issue":"5","key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"724","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations","volume":"64","author":"Lasjaunias\n \nP","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lasjaunias\n \nP\n\n, \n\nChiu\n \nM\n\n, \n\nter Brugge\n \nK\n\n, \n\n\n \nNeurological manifestations of intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n1986\n;\n64\n(\n5\n):\n724\n\u2013\n730\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b34","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1113","article-title":"High-risk dural arteriovenous fistulae of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses","volume":"8","author":"Ishii\n \nK","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ishii\n \nK\n\n, \n\nGoto\n \nK\n\n, \n\nIhara\n \nK\n\n, \n\n\n \nHigh-risk dural arteriovenous fistulae of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses\n. \nAJNR Am J Neuroradiol\n. \n1987\n;\n8\n(\n6\n):\n1113\n\u2013\n1120\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Grading venous restrictive disease in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas of the transverse\/sigmoid sinus","volume":"79","author":"Lalwani\n \nAK","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lalwani\n \nAK\n\n, \n\nDowd\n \nCF\n\n, \n\nHalbach\n \nVV\n\n\n. \nGrading venous restrictive disease in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas of the transverse\/sigmoid sinus\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n1993\n;\n79\n(\n1\n):\n11\n\u2013\n15\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"308","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of intracranial hypertension due to impairment of cranial venous outflow","volume":"65","author":"Cognard\n \nC","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cognard\n \nC\n\n, \n\nCasasco\n \nA\n\n, \n\nToevi\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nDural arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of intracranial hypertension due to impairment of cranial venous outflow\n. \nJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\n. \n1998\n;\n65\n(\n3\n):\n308\n\u2013\n316\n."},{"issue":"11","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with or without cerebral sinus thrombosis: analysis of 69 patients","volume":"75","author":"Tsai\n \nLK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsai\n \nLK\n\n, \n\nJeng\n \nJS\n\n, \n\nLiu\n \nHM\n\n, \n\n\n \nIntracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with or without cerebral sinus thrombosis: analysis of 69 patients\n. \nJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\n. \n2004\n;\n75\n(\n11\n):\n1639\n\u2013\n1641\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E1147","article-title":"Reversal of diffusion restriction after embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula: case report","volume":"67","author":"Dabus\n \nG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dabus\n \nG\n\n, \n\nBernstein\n \nRA\n\n, \n\nHurley\n \nMC\n\n, \n\n\n \nReversal of diffusion restriction after embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula: case report\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2010\n;\n67\n(\n4\n):\nE1147\n\u2013\nE1151\n."},{"issue":"9","key":"b39","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"642","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula between inferolateral trunk of the internal carotid artery and superficial sylvian vein","volume":"51","author":"Uchiyama\n \nT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uchiyama\n \nT\n\n, \n\nHoriuchi\n \nT\n\n, \n\nMurata\n \nT\n\n, \n\nHongo\n \nK\n\n\n. \nDural arteriovenous fistula between inferolateral trunk of the internal carotid artery and superficial sylvian vein\n. \nNeurol Med Chir (Tokyo)\n. \n2011\n;\n51\n(\n9\n):\n642\n\u2013\n644\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"594","article-title":"The natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"71","author":"Gross\n \nBA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gross\n \nBA\n\n, \n\nDu\n \nR\n\n\n. \nThe natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae\n. \nNeurosurgery\n. \n2012\n;\n71\n(\n3\n):\n594\n\u2013\n603\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b41","series-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg","first-page":"192","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical characteristics and management based on location and hemodynamics","volume":"14","author":"Oh\n \nJT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oh\n \nJT\n\n, \n\nChung\n \nSY\n\n, \n\nLanzino\n \nG\n\n, \n\n\n \nIntracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical characteristics and management based on location and hemodynamics\n. \nJ Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg\n. \n2012\n;\n14\n(\n3\n):\n192\n\u2013\n202\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b42","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"545","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistulas presenting with reversible dementia are associated with a specific venous drainage","volume":"21","author":"Labeyrie\n \nMA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Labeyrie\n \nMA\n\n, \n\nLenck\n \nS\n\n, \n\nSaint-Maurice\n \nJP\n\n, \n\n\n \nDural arteriovenous fistulas presenting with reversible dementia are associated with a specific venous drainage\n. \nEur J Neurol\n. \n2014\n;\n21\n(\n3\n):\n545\n\u2013\n547\n."},{"key":"b43","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with progressive dementia and parkinsonism","volume":"2014","author":"Fujii\n \nH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fujii\n \nH\n\n, \n\nNagano\n \nY\n\n, \n\nHosomi\n \nN\n\n, \n\nMatsumoto\n \nM\n\n\n. \nDural arteriovenous fistula presenting with progressive dementia and parkinsonism\n. \nBMJ Case Rep\n. \n2014\n;\n2014\n:\nbcr2014203921\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"b44","series-title":"World J Clin Cases","first-page":"907","article-title":"Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as myelopathy: case series and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Gross\n \nR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gross\n \nR\n\n, \n\nAli\n \nR\n\n, \n\nKole\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nTentorial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as myelopathy: case series and review of literature\n. \nWorld J Clin Cases\n. \n2014\n;\n2\n(\n12\n):\n907\n\u2013\n911\n."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/2\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/2\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/2\/article-p440.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:32:21Z","timestamp":1792805541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/2\/article-p440.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.6.jns20922","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}