{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:38:10Z","timestamp":1792809490500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Pediatric rolandic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present a treatment challenge given the lifetime risk of hemorrhage, rehemorrhage, and associated long-term morbidity. Microsurgical resection has been recommended as the optimal treatment for AVMs in general, but there is no dedicated literature on the outcomes of resection of pediatric rolandic AVMs. Here, the study objective was to review the outcomes of microsurgical resection of pediatric rolandic AVMs in the modern era, together with the utilization of surgical adjuncts including navigation, intraoperative angiography, and neurophysiological monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors performed a retrospective review of patients 18 years of age and younger with cerebral AVMs microsurgically treated between January 2000 and May 2016 at The Hospital for Sick Children. Only those patients with an AVM whose nidus was located within the rolandic region were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was performed to identify patient demographics, preoperative AVM characteristics, and postoperative obliteration rates and neurological complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 279 AVMs were evaluated in the study period. Twenty-three of these AVMs were rolandic, and the median age in the 11 microsurgically treated cases was 11 years (range 1\u201317 years). AVM hemorrhage was the most common presentation, occurring in 8 patients (73%). Lesions were either Spetzler-Martin grade II (n = 8, 73%) or grade III (n = 3, 27%). The postoperative obliteration rate of AVMs was 100%. The mean imaging follow-up duration was 33 months (range 5\u2013164 months). There was no documented recurrence of an AVM during follow-up. One patient developed a transient postoperative hemiparesis, while another patient developed right fingertip hyperesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Microsurgical resection of rolandic pediatric AVMs yields excellent AVM obliteration with minimal neurological morbidity in selected patients. The incorporation of surgical adjuncts, including neurophysiological monitoring and neuronavigation, allows accurate demarcation of functional cortex and enables effective resection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.6.peds18547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T03:09:24Z","timestamp":1604027364000},"page":"62-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical management of pediatric rolandic arteriovenous malformations: a single-center case series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Newton","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent D. W.","family":"Nga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital of Singapore, Singapore; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry C.","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo M.","family":"Munarriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Muthusami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Neuroradiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Rutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.PEDS10458","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations, part 2: management of pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Kano H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kano H, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations, part 2: management of pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;9(1):1\u201310.10.3171\/2011.9.PEDS1045822208313"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.PEDS15715","article-title":"Long-term hemorrhagic risk in pediatric patients with arteriovenous malformations","volume":"18","author":"Yang W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang W, Anderson-Keightly H, Westbroek EM, Long-term hemorrhagic risk in pediatric patients with arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;18(3):329\u2013338.2715337810.3171\/2016.3.PEDS15715"},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.3.0331","article-title":"Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history","volume":"58","author":"Graf CJ","year":"1983","unstructured":"Graf CJ, Perret GE, Torner JC. Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history. J Neurosurg. 1983;58(3):331\u2013337.682731710.3171\/jns.1983.58.3.0331"},{"issue":"11","key":"b4","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000094824.03372.9B","article-title":"Effect of age on clinical and morphological characteristics in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation","volume":"34","author":"Stapf C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stapf C, Khaw AV, Sciacca RR, Effect of age on clinical and morphological characteristics in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke. 2003;34(11):2664\u20132669.1457637810.1161\/01.STR.0000094824.03372.9B"},{"issue":"8","key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.12.005","article-title":"Rate of re-bleeding of arteriovenous malformations in the first year after rupture","volume":"19","author":"Gross BA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gross BA, Du R. Rate of re-bleeding of arteriovenous malformations in the first year after rupture. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(8):1087\u20131088.2270513310.1016\/j.jocn.2011.12.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"82","article-title":"Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"105","author":"Sanchez-Mejia RO","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sanchez-Mejia RO, Chennupati SK, Gupta N, Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(2)(suppl):82\u201387.16922067"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.5.689","article-title":"Radiosurgical treatment for rolandic arteriovenous malformations","volume":"105","author":"Andrade-Souza YM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrade-Souza YM, Ramani M, Scora D, Radiosurgical treatment for rolandic arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(5):689\u2013697.1712112910.3171\/jns.2006.105.5.689"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.PEDS146","article-title":"Microsurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: the Boston Children\u2019s Hospital experience","volume":"15","author":"Gross BA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gross BA, Storey A, Orbach DB, Microsurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: the Boston Children\u2019s Hospital experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(1):71\u201377.2536085510.3171\/2014.9.PEDS146"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16284","article-title":"International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 2: Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"19","author":"Starke RM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Starke RM, Ding D, Kano H, International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 2: Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19(2):136\u2013148.2791124910.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16284"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.9.JNS151311","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: evaluation of long-term outcomes in a multicenter cohort","volume":"126","author":"Starke RM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Starke RM, Kano H, Ding D, Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: evaluation of long-term outcomes in a multicenter cohort. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(1):36\u201344.10.3171\/2015.9.JNS151311"},{"issue":"9917","key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62302-8","article-title":"Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial","volume":"383","author":"Mohr JP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohr JP, Parides MK, Stapf C, Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9917):614\u2013621.10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62302-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.652032","article-title":"A perfect storm: how a randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations\u2019 (ARUBA\u2019s) trial design challenges notions of external validity","volume":"43","author":"Cockroft KM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cockroft KM, Jayaraman MV, Amin-Hanjani S, A perfect storm: how a randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations\u2019 (ARUBA\u2019s) trial design challenges notions of external validity. Stroke. 2012;43(7):1979\u20131981.2266940610.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.652032"},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1159\/000121140","article-title":"Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations","volume":"25","author":"Humphreys RP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Drake JM, Rutka JT. Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1996;25(6):277\u2013285.10.1159\/0001211409348147"},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181c00","article-title":"Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy","volume":"69","author":"Darsaut TE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darsaut TE, Guzman R, Marcellus ML, Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy. Neurosurgery. 2011;69(3):540\u2013556.10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181c0021430584"},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2011-010198","article-title":"Angioarchitectural features associated with hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations","volume":"5","author":"Ellis MJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ellis MJ, Armstrong D, Vachhrajani S, Angioarchitectural features associated with hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013;5(3):191\u2013195.10.1136\/neurintsurg-2011-01019822416111"},{"issue":"9","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000210524.68507.87","article-title":"Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation","volume":"66","author":"Stapf C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Neurology. 2006;66(9):1350\u20131355.1668266610.1212\/01.wnl.0000210524.68507.87"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2277-3","article-title":"Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Zheng T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng T, Wang Q-J, Liu Y-Q, Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(4):647\u2013653.2401326510.1007\/s00381-013-2277-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199903000-00022","article-title":"Embolization of rolandic cortex arteriovenous malformations","volume":"44","author":"Paulsen RD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paulsen RD, Steinberg GK, Norbash AM, Embolization of rolandic cortex arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 1999;44(3):479\u2013486.1006958410.1097\/00006123-199903000-00022"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249277.72063.BD","article-title":"Role of radiosurgery in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric age group: data from a 100-patient series","volume":"60","author":"Reyns N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reyns N, Blond S, Gauvrit J-Y, Role of radiosurgery in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric age group: data from a 100-patient series. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(2):268\u2013276.10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249277.72063.BD17290177"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0048","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: the University of California at San Francisco experience","volume":"97","author":"Smyth MD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smyth MD, Sneed PK, Ciricillo SF, Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: the University of California at San Francisco experience. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(1):48\u201355.1213493210.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0048"},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.PEDS10138","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations in children","volume":"6","author":"Yen CP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yen CP, Monteith SJ, Nguyen JH, Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;6(5):426\u2013434.10.3171\/2010.8.PEDS1013821039165"},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"68","article-title":"Development of anaplastic changes in low-grade astrocytomas of childhood","volume":"34","author":"Dirks PB","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dirks PB, Jay V, Becker LE, Development of anaplastic changes in low-grade astrocytomas of childhood. Neurosurgery. 1994;34(1):68\u201378.8121571"},{"issue":"3","key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000267","article-title":"Late effects after radiotherapy for childhood low-grade glioma","volume":"41","author":"Williams NL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams NL, Rotondo RL, Bradley JA, Late effects after radiotherapy for childhood low-grade glioma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2018;41(3):307\u2013312.10.1097\/COC.000000000000026726808258"},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.PEDS14407","article-title":"The long-term outcomes of radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations in pediatric and adolescent populations","volume":"16","author":"Hanakita S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanakita S, Koga T, Shin M, The long-term outcomes of radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations in pediatric and adolescent populations. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;16(2):222\u2013231.10.3171\/2015.1.PEDS1440725955806"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-1025-0","article-title":"Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler-Martin grades I-III intracranial arteriovenous malformations","volume":"21","author":"Kiri\u015f T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiri\u015f T, Sencer A, Sahinba\u015f M, Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler-Martin grades I-III intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Childs Nerv Syst. 2005;21(1):69\u201376.10.1007\/s00381-004-1025-015322842"},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS14938","article-title":"Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"122","author":"Potts MB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Potts MB, Lau D, Abla AA, Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(4):912\u2013920.2565878910.3171\/2014.12.JNS14938"},{"issue":"10","key":"b27","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12747","article-title":"Epilepsy surgery of the rolandic and immediate perirolandic cortex: surgical outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"55","author":"Delev D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delev D, Send K, Wagner J, Epilepsy surgery of the rolandic and immediate perirolandic cortex: surgical outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia. 2014;55(10):1585\u20131593.10.1111\/epi.1274725110236"},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS08459","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of intractable rolandic epilepsy in children: role of resection in eloquent cortex. Clinical article","volume":"4","author":"Benifla M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benifla M, Sala F Jr, Jane J, Neurosurgical management of intractable rolandic epilepsy in children: role of resection in eloquent cortex. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009;4(3):199\u2013216.10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS0845919772403"},{"issue":"7","key":"b29","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02493.x","article-title":"Do tubers contain function? Resection of epileptogenic foci in perirolandic cortex in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"51","author":"Moshel YA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moshel YA, Elliott R, Teutonico F, Do tubers contain function? Resection of epileptogenic foci in perirolandic cortex in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2010;51(7):1242\u20131251.10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02493.x20491878"},{"issue":"5","key":"b30","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1355-z","article-title":"Tailored resections for intractable rolandic cortex epilepsy in children: a single-center experience with 48 consecutive cases","volume":"27","author":"de Oliveira RS","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Oliveira RS, Santos MV, Terra VC, Tailored resections for intractable rolandic cortex epilepsy in children: a single-center experience with 48 consecutive cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(5):779\u2013785.10.1007\/s00381-010-1355-z21222213"},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.01.040","article-title":"Brain mapping for safe microsurgical resection of arteriovenous malformations in eloquent cortex","volume":"83","author":"Stapleton CJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stapleton CJ, Walcott BP, Fusco MR, Brain mapping for safe microsurgical resection of arteriovenous malformations in eloquent cortex. World Neurosurg. 2015;83(6):1148\u20131156.2568312910.1016\/j.wneu.2015.01.040"},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"598","article-title":"Tractography for arteriovenous malformations near the sensorimotor cortices","volume":"26","author":"Yamada K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamada K, Kizu O, Ito H, Tractography for arteriovenous malformations near the sensorimotor cortices. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26(3):598\u2013602.15760872"},{"issue":"5","key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.1.PEDS11363","article-title":"Corticospinal tract mapping in children with ruptured arteriovenous malformations using functionally guided diffusion-tensor imaging","volume":"9","author":"Ellis MJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellis MJ, Rutka JT, Kulkarni AV, Corticospinal tract mapping in children with ruptured arteriovenous malformations using functionally guided diffusion-tensor imaging. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;9(5):505\u2013510.10.3171\/2012.1.PEDS1136322546028"},{"issue":"5","key":"b34","series-title":"Prog Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00063-5","article-title":"The somatosensory evoked magnetic fields","volume":"61","author":"Kakigi R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kakigi R, Hoshiyama M, Shimojo M, The somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. Prog Neurobiol. 2000;61(5):495\u2013523.1074832110.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00063-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/27\/1\/article-p62.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/27\/1\/article-p62.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/27\/1\/article-p62.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1792806870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/27\/1\/article-p62.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.6.peds18547","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}