{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:53Z","timestamp":1792176413981,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Common surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) include microvascular decompression (MVD) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The use of MVD in elderly patients has been described but has yet to be prospectively compared to SRS, which is well-tolerated and noninvasive. The authors aimed to directly compare long-term pain control and adverse event rates for first-time surgical treatments for idiopathic TN in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n A prospectively collected database was reviewed for TN patients who had undergone treatment between 1997 and 2017 at a single institution. Standardized collection of preoperative demographics, surgical procedure, and postoperative outcomes was performed. Data analysis was limited to patients over the age of 65 years who had undergone a first-time procedure for the treatment of idiopathic TN with at least 1 year of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n One hundred ninety-three patients meeting the study inclusion criteria underwent surgical procedures for TN during the study period (54 MVD, 24 MVD+Rhiz, 115 SRS). In patients in whom an artery was not compressing the trigeminal nerve during MVD, a partial sensory rhizotomy (MVD+Rhiz) was performed. Patients in the SRS cohort were older than those in the MVD and MVD+Rhiz cohorts (mean \u00b1 SD, 79.2 \u00b1 7.8 vs 72.9 \u00b1 5.7 and 70.9 \u00b1 4.8 years, respectively; p < 0.0001) and had a higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.8 \u00b1 1.1 vs 3.0 \u00b1 0.9 and 2.9 \u00b1 1.0, respectively; p < 0.0001). Immediate or short-term postoperative pain-free rates (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] pain intensity score I) were 98.1% for MVD, 95.8% for MVD+Rhiz, and 78.3% for SRS (p = 0.0008). At the last follow-up, 72.2% of MVD patients had a favorable outcome (BNI score I\u2013IIIa) compared to 54.2% and 49.6% of MVD+Rhiz and SRS patients, respectively (p = 0.02). In total, 0 (0%) SRS, 5 (9.3%) MVD, and 1 (4.2%) MVD+Rhiz patients developed any adverse event. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that procedure type (p = 0.001) and postprocedure sensory change (p = 0.003) were statistically significantly associated with pain control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n In this study cohort, patients who had undergone MVD had a statistically significantly longer duration of pain freedom than those who had undergone MVD+Rhiz or SRS as their first procedure. Fewer adverse events were seen after SRS, though the MVD-associated complication rate was comparable to published rates in younger patients. Overall, the results suggest that both MVD and SRS are effective options for the elderly, despite their advanced age. Treatment choice can be tailored to a patient\u2019s unique condition and wishes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.focus20446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T07:15:57Z","timestamp":1601536557000},"page":"E23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Long-term pain outcomes in elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of first-time microvascular decompression and stereotactic radiosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kunal P.","family":"Raygor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris D.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariann M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas at Austin, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199201000-00009","article-title":"Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: personal experience with 220 patients","volume":"30","author":"Klun B","year":"1992","unstructured":"Klun B. Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: personal experience with 220 patients. Neurosurgery. 1992;30(1):49\u201352.137118410.1227\/00006123-199201000-00009"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pain Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190887674.003.0002","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly","author":"Raygor KP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raygor KP, Lee A, Chang EF. Treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. In: Sagher O, Levin EL, Pilitsis JG, eds. Pain Neurosurgery. Oxford University Press; 2019:9\u201312.10.1093\/med\/9780190887674.003.0002"},{"issue":"17","key":"b3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341701","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"334","author":"Barker FG II","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barker FG II, Jannetta PJ, Bissonette DJ, The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(17):1077\u20131083.859886510.1056\/NEJM199604253341701"},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0156-1","article-title":"Advanced age as a contra-indication to microvascular decompression for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia: evidence of prejudice?","volume":"31","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Acerbi F, Tomei M, Advanced age as a contra-indication to microvascular decompression for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia: evidence of prejudice? Neurol Sci. 2010;31(1):23\u201328.10.1007\/s10072-009-0156-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350859.27751.90","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: long-term treatment outcome and comparison with younger patients","volume":"65","author":"G\u00fcnther T","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther T, Gerganov VM, Stieglitz L, Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: long-term treatment outcome and comparison with younger patients. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(3):477\u2013482.1968769210.1227\/01.NEU.0000350859.27751.90"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.6.JNS10142","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Sekula RF Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sekula RF Jr, Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):172\u2013179.10.3171\/2010.6.JNS1014220653393"},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/0689","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients","volume":"108","author":"Sekula RF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sekula RF, Marchan EM, Fletcher LH, Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients. J Neurosurg. 2008;108(4):689\u2013691.10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/068918377247"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000468526","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery as initial surgical management for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"95","author":"Cohen J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen J, Mousavi SH, Faraji AH, Stereotactic radiosurgery as initial surgical management for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95(3):158\u2013165.2850187610.1159\/000468526"},{"issue":"24","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002216","article-title":"Early radiosurgery provides superior pain relief for trigeminal neuralgia patients","volume":"85","author":"Mousavi SH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mousavi SH, Niranjan A, Huang MJ, Early radiosurgery provides superior pain relief for trigeminal neuralgia patients. Neurology. 2015;85(24):2159\u20132165.2656128610.1212\/WNL.0000000000002216"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS16149","article-title":"Prospective comparison of long-term pain relief rates after first-time microvascular decompression and stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"128","author":"Wang DD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang DD, Raygor KP, Cage TA, Prospective comparison of long-term pain relief rates after first-time microvascular decompression and stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(1):68\u201377.2829802610.3171\/2016.9.JNS16149"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.44.4.199","article-title":"The treatment outcome of elderly patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: micro-vascular decompression versus Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"44","author":"Oh IH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oh IH, Choi SK, Park BJ, The treatment outcome of elderly patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: micro-vascular decompression versus Gamma Knife radiosurgery. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2008;44(4):199\u2013204.1909667710.3340\/jkns.2008.44.4.199"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004999","article-title":"Study on the Therapeutic effects of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and stereotactic Gamma Knife surgery in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Yu R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu R, Wang C, Qu C, Study on the Therapeutic effects of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and stereotactic Gamma Knife surgery in the elderly. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(1):e77\u2013e80.10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004999"},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.4","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification","volume":"18","author":"Eller JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eller JL, Raslan AM, Burchiel KJ. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E3.10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.415913279"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.152","article-title":"On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"46","author":"Burchiel KJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burchiel KJ, Slavin KV. On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(1):152\u2013155.10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.15210626945"},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000088806.11659.D8","article-title":"A new classification for facial pain","volume":"53","author":"Burchiel KJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Burchiel KJ. A new classification for facial pain. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(5):1164\u20131167.1458028410.1227\/01.NEU.0000088806.11659.D8"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.081","article-title":"Preoperative frailty score for 30-day morbidity and mortality after cranial neurosurgery","volume":"107","author":"Tomlinson SB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tomlinson SB, Piper K, Kimmell KT, Vates GE. Preoperative frailty score for 30-day morbidity and mortality after cranial neurosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2017;107:959\u2013965.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.08128736345"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-7","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"47","author":"Rogers CL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers CL, Shetter AG, Fiedler JA, Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(4):1013\u20131019.10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-710863073"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.JNS172243","article-title":"Long-term pain outcomes for recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after stereotactic radiosurgery: a prospective comparison of first-time microvascular decompression and repeat stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"131","author":"Raygor KP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raygor KP, Wang DD, Ward MM, Long-term pain outcomes for recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after stereotactic radiosurgery: a prospective comparison of first-time microvascular decompression and repeat stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2019;131(4):1207\u20131215.10.3171\/2018.5.JNS172243"},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0359","article-title":"Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"71","author":"Bederson JB","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bederson JB, Wilson CB. Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1989;71(3):359\u2013367.276938710.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0359"},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.6","article-title":"Technique of microvascular decompression. Technical note","volume":"18","author":"Jannetta PJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jannetta PJ, McLaughlin MR, Casey KF. Technique of microvascular decompression. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E5.10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.615913281"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0001","article-title":"Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves: lessons learned after 4400 operations","volume":"90","author":"McLaughlin MR","year":"1999","unstructured":"McLaughlin MR, Jannetta PJ, Clyde BL, Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves: lessons learned after 4400 operations. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(1):1\u20138.10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.000110413149"},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2644-0","article-title":"The modified frailty index and 30-day adverse events in oncologic neurosurgery","volume":"136","author":"Youngerman BE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Youngerman BE, Neugut AI, Yang J, The modified frailty index and 30-day adverse events in oncologic neurosurgery. J Neurooncol. 2018;136(1):197\u2013206.10.1007\/s11060-017-2644-029139096"},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358608","article-title":"Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients using a small retrosigmoidal approach: analysis of efficacy and safety","volume":"76","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ, Barges-Coll J, Ponce-Gomez JA, Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients using a small retrosigmoidal approach: analysis of efficacy and safety. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2015;76(1):39\u201345.2530620710.1055\/s-0033-1358608"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693126","article-title":"Typical trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of results between patients older and younger than 65 years operated on with microvascular decompression by retrosigmoid approach","volume":"81","author":"Mastronardi L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mastronardi L, Caputi F, Rinaldi A, Typical trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of results between patients older and younger than 65 years operated on with microvascular decompression by retrosigmoid approach. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2020;81(1):28\u201332.3146610710.1055\/s-0039-1693126"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.027","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"29","author":"Phan K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phan K, Rao PJ, Dexter M. Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;29:7\u201314.2694421310.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.027"},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.4.JNS101924","article-title":"Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. Clinical article","volume":"115","author":"Rughani AI","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rughani AI, Dumont TM, Lin CT, Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(2):202\u2013209.10.3171\/2011.4.JNS10192421568658"},{"issue":"4","key":"b27","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000869","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 65 years","volume":"25","author":"Yang DB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang DB, Wang ZM, Jiang DY, Chen HC. The efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 65 years. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(4):1393\u20131396.10.1097\/SCS.000000000000086924816027"},{"issue":"5","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS14469","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression","volume":"122","author":"Ko AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ko AL, Ozpinar A, Lee A, Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(5):1048\u20131057.10.3171\/2014.12.JNS1446925679283"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Radiat Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13566-013-0134-3","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery with a minimum 3-year follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Karam SD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karam SD, Tai A, Wooster M, Trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery with a minimum 3-year follow-up. J Radiat Oncol. 2014;3:125\u2013130.10.1007\/s13566-013-0134-324955219"},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320d36","article-title":"Predictive variables for the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"70","author":"Marshall K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marshall K, Chan MD, McCoy TP, Predictive variables for the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(3):566\u2013573.10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320d3621849918"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Radiat Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-014-0257-8","article-title":"Refractory trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following CyberKnife radiosurgery","volume":"9","author":"Karam SD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karam SD, Tai A, Snider JW, Refractory trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following CyberKnife radiosurgery. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:257.2549705310.1186\/s13014-014-0257-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"b32","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000591","article-title":"Long-term outcome of computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for classic trigeminal neuralgia patients older than 70 years","volume":"25","author":"Tang Y-Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tang Y-Z, Jin D, Bian J-J, Long-term outcome of computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for classic trigeminal neuralgia patients older than 70 years. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(4):1292\u20131295.10.1097\/SCS.000000000000059125006910"},{"issue":"39","key":"b33","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008199","article-title":"Long-term outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia patients elder than 80 years: a STROBE-compliant article","volume":"96","author":"Ying X","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ying X, Wang H, Deng S, Long-term outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia patients elder than 80 years: a STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(39):e8199.10.1097\/MD.0000000000008199"},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330040037028","article-title":"Treatment of tic douloureux by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection","volume":"248","author":"Lunsford LD","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lunsford LD. Treatment of tic douloureux by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection. JAMA. 1982;248(4):449\u2013453.10.1001\/jama.1982.033300400370287087145"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199201000-00009","article-title":"Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: personal experience with 220 patients","volume":"30","author":"Klun B","year":"1992","unstructured":"Klun B. Microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: personal experience with 220 patients. Neurosurgery. 1992;30(1):49\u201352.137118410.1227\/00006123-199201000-00009"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pain Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190887674.003.0002","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly","author":"Raygor KP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raygor KP, Lee A, Chang EF. Treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. In: Sagher O, Levin EL, Pilitsis JG, eds. Pain Neurosurgery. Oxford University Press; 2019:9\u201312.10.1093\/med\/9780190887674.003.0002"},{"issue":"17","key":"b3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341701","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"334","author":"Barker FG II","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barker FG II, Jannetta PJ, Bissonette DJ, The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(17):1077\u20131083.859886510.1056\/NEJM199604253341701"},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0156-1","article-title":"Advanced age as a contra-indication to microvascular decompression for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia: evidence of prejudice?","volume":"31","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Acerbi F, Tomei M, Advanced age as a contra-indication to microvascular decompression for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia: evidence of prejudice? Neurol Sci. 2010;31(1):23\u201328.10.1007\/s10072-009-0156-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350859.27751.90","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: long-term treatment outcome and comparison with younger patients","volume":"65","author":"G\u00fcnther T","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther T, Gerganov VM, Stieglitz L, Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: long-term treatment outcome and comparison with younger patients. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(3):477\u2013482.1968769210.1227\/01.NEU.0000350859.27751.90"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.6.JNS10142","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Sekula RF Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sekula RF Jr, Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):172\u2013179.10.3171\/2010.6.JNS1014220653393"},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/0689","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients","volume":"108","author":"Sekula RF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sekula RF, Marchan EM, Fletcher LH, Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients. J Neurosurg. 2008;108(4):689\u2013691.10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/068918377247"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000468526","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery as initial surgical management for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"95","author":"Cohen J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen J, Mousavi SH, Faraji AH, Stereotactic radiosurgery as initial surgical management for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95(3):158\u2013165.2850187610.1159\/000468526"},{"issue":"24","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002216","article-title":"Early radiosurgery provides superior pain relief for trigeminal neuralgia patients","volume":"85","author":"Mousavi SH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mousavi SH, Niranjan A, Huang MJ, Early radiosurgery provides superior pain relief for trigeminal neuralgia patients. Neurology. 2015;85(24):2159\u20132165.2656128610.1212\/WNL.0000000000002216"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS16149","article-title":"Prospective comparison of long-term pain relief rates after first-time microvascular decompression and stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"128","author":"Wang DD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang DD, Raygor KP, Cage TA, Prospective comparison of long-term pain relief rates after first-time microvascular decompression and stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(1):68\u201377.2829802610.3171\/2016.9.JNS16149"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.44.4.199","article-title":"The treatment outcome of elderly patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: micro-vascular decompression versus Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"44","author":"Oh IH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oh IH, Choi SK, Park BJ, The treatment outcome of elderly patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: micro-vascular decompression versus Gamma Knife radiosurgery. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2008;44(4):199\u2013204.1909667710.3340\/jkns.2008.44.4.199"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004999","article-title":"Study on the Therapeutic effects of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and stereotactic Gamma Knife surgery in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Yu R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu R, Wang C, Qu C, Study on the Therapeutic effects of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and stereotactic Gamma Knife surgery in the elderly. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(1):e77\u2013e80.10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004999"},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.4","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification","volume":"18","author":"Eller JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eller JL, Raslan AM, Burchiel KJ. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E3.10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.415913279"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.152","article-title":"On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"46","author":"Burchiel KJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burchiel KJ, Slavin KV. On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(1):152\u2013155.10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.15210626945"},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000088806.11659.D8","article-title":"A new classification for facial pain","volume":"53","author":"Burchiel KJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Burchiel KJ. A new classification for facial pain. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(5):1164\u20131167.1458028410.1227\/01.NEU.0000088806.11659.D8"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.081","article-title":"Preoperative frailty score for 30-day morbidity and mortality after cranial neurosurgery","volume":"107","author":"Tomlinson SB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tomlinson SB, Piper K, Kimmell KT, Vates GE. Preoperative frailty score for 30-day morbidity and mortality after cranial neurosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2017;107:959\u2013965.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.08128736345"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-7","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"47","author":"Rogers CL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers CL, Shetter AG, Fiedler JA, Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(4):1013\u20131019.10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-710863073"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.JNS172243","article-title":"Long-term pain outcomes for recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after stereotactic radiosurgery: a prospective comparison of first-time microvascular decompression and repeat stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"131","author":"Raygor KP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raygor KP, Wang DD, Ward MM, Long-term pain outcomes for recurrent idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after stereotactic radiosurgery: a prospective comparison of first-time microvascular decompression and repeat stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2019;131(4):1207\u20131215.10.3171\/2018.5.JNS172243"},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0359","article-title":"Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"71","author":"Bederson JB","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bederson JB, Wilson CB. Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1989;71(3):359\u2013367.276938710.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0359"},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.6","article-title":"Technique of microvascular decompression. Technical note","volume":"18","author":"Jannetta PJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jannetta PJ, McLaughlin MR, Casey KF. Technique of microvascular decompression. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E5.10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.615913281"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0001","article-title":"Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves: lessons learned after 4400 operations","volume":"90","author":"McLaughlin MR","year":"1999","unstructured":"McLaughlin MR, Jannetta PJ, Clyde BL, Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves: lessons learned after 4400 operations. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(1):1\u20138.10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.000110413149"},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2644-0","article-title":"The modified frailty index and 30-day adverse events in oncologic neurosurgery","volume":"136","author":"Youngerman BE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Youngerman BE, Neugut AI, Yang J, The modified frailty index and 30-day adverse events in oncologic neurosurgery. J Neurooncol. 2018;136(1):197\u2013206.10.1007\/s11060-017-2644-029139096"},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358608","article-title":"Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients using a small retrosigmoidal approach: analysis of efficacy and safety","volume":"76","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ, Barges-Coll J, Ponce-Gomez JA, Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients using a small retrosigmoidal approach: analysis of efficacy and safety. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2015;76(1):39\u201345.2530620710.1055\/s-0033-1358608"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693126","article-title":"Typical trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of results between patients older and younger than 65 years operated on with microvascular decompression by retrosigmoid approach","volume":"81","author":"Mastronardi L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mastronardi L, Caputi F, Rinaldi A, Typical trigeminal neuralgia: comparison of results between patients older and younger than 65 years operated on with microvascular decompression by retrosigmoid approach. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2020;81(1):28\u201332.3146610710.1055\/s-0039-1693126"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.027","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"29","author":"Phan K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phan K, Rao PJ, Dexter M. Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;29:7\u201314.2694421310.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.027"},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.4.JNS101924","article-title":"Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. Clinical article","volume":"115","author":"Rughani AI","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rughani AI, Dumont TM, Lin CT, Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(2):202\u2013209.10.3171\/2011.4.JNS10192421568658"},{"issue":"4","key":"b27","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000869","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 65 years","volume":"25","author":"Yang DB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang DB, Wang ZM, Jiang DY, Chen HC. The efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 65 years. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(4):1393\u20131396.10.1097\/SCS.000000000000086924816027"},{"issue":"5","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS14469","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression","volume":"122","author":"Ko AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ko AL, Ozpinar A, Lee A, Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(5):1048\u20131057.10.3171\/2014.12.JNS1446925679283"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Radiat Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13566-013-0134-3","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery with a minimum 3-year follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Karam SD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karam SD, Tai A, Wooster M, Trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery with a minimum 3-year follow-up. J Radiat Oncol. 2014;3:125\u2013130.10.1007\/s13566-013-0134-324955219"},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320d36","article-title":"Predictive variables for the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"70","author":"Marshall K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marshall K, Chan MD, McCoy TP, Predictive variables for the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(3):566\u2013573.10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320d3621849918"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Radiat Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-014-0257-8","article-title":"Refractory trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following CyberKnife radiosurgery","volume":"9","author":"Karam SD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karam SD, Tai A, Snider JW, Refractory trigeminal neuralgia treatment outcomes following CyberKnife radiosurgery. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:257.2549705310.1186\/s13014-014-0257-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"b32","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000591","article-title":"Long-term outcome of computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for classic trigeminal neuralgia patients older than 70 years","volume":"25","author":"Tang Y-Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tang Y-Z, Jin D, Bian J-J, Long-term outcome of computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for classic trigeminal neuralgia patients older than 70 years. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(4):1292\u20131295.10.1097\/SCS.000000000000059125006910"},{"issue":"39","key":"b33","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008199","article-title":"Long-term outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia patients elder than 80 years: a STROBE-compliant article","volume":"96","author":"Ying X","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ying X, Wang H, Deng S, Long-term outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia patients elder than 80 years: a STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(39):e8199.10.1097\/MD.0000000000008199"},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330040037028","article-title":"Treatment of tic douloureux by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection","volume":"248","author":"Lunsford LD","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lunsford LD. Treatment of tic douloureux by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection. JAMA. 1982;248(4):449\u2013453.10.1001\/jama.1982.033300400370287087145"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE23.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE23.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE23.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:36:05Z","timestamp":1780130165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE23.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.7.focus20446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}