{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:04:22Z","timestamp":1780131862088,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) occurs more frequently in elderly patients, while older patient age is associated with worse postoperative outcome following burr-hole drainage (BHD) of cSDH. The cSDH-Drain trial showed comparable recurrence rates after BHD and placement of either a subperiosteal drain (SPD) or subdural drain (SDD). Additionally, an SPD showed a significantly lower rate of infections as well as iatrogenic parenchymal injuries through drain misplacement. This post hoc analysis aims to compare recurrence rates and clinical outcomes following BHD of cSDH and the placement of SPDs or SDDs in elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The study included 104 patients (47.3%) 80 years of age and older from the 220 patients recruited in the preceding cSDH-Drain trial. SPDs and SDDs were compared with regard to recurrence rate, morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcome. A post hoc analysis using logistic regression, comparing the outcome measurements for patients < 80 and \u2265 80 years old in a univariate analysis and stratified for drain type, was further completed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Patients \u2265 80 years of age treated with an SDD showed higher recurrence rates (12.8%) compared with those treated with an SPD (8.2%), without a significant difference (p = 0.46). Significantly higher drain misplacement rates were observed for patients older than 80 years and treated with an SDD compared with an SPD (0% vs 20%, p = 0.01). Comparing patients older than 80 years to younger patients, significantly higher overall mortality (15.4% vs 5.2%, p = 0.012), 30-day mortality (3.8% vs 0%, p = 0.033), and surgical mortality (2.9% vs 1.7%, p = 0.034) rates were observed. Clinical outcome at the 12-month follow-up was significantly worse for patients \u2265 80 years old, and logistic regression showed a significant association of age with outcome, while drain type had no association with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The initial findings of the cSDH-Drain trial and the findings of this subanalysis suggest that SPD may be warranted in elderly patients. As opposed to drain type, patient age (> 80 years) was significantly associated with worse outcome, as well as higher morbidity and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.focus20489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T07:15:57Z","timestamp":1601536557000},"page":"E6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Drain type after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma in geriatric patients: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ladina","family":"Greuter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bern; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Fandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel;"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Basel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel;"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Basel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehuda","family":"Soleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel;"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Basel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.002","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history","volume":"28","author":"Yang W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang W, Huang J. Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):205\u2013210.2832545410.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"QJM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx143","article-title":"Increasing incidence of chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly","volume":"110","author":"Adhiyaman V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adhiyaman V, Chattopadhyay I, Irshad F, Increasing incidence of chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly. QJM. 2017;110(6):375\u2013378.10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx14328069915"},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0979-4","article-title":"Outcomes following surgery in subgroups of comatose and very elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"42","author":"Christopher E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christopher E, Poon MTC, Glancz LJ, Outcomes following surgery in subgroups of comatose and very elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Rev. 2019;42(2):427\u2013431.2967917810.1007\/s10143-018-0979-4"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.168","article-title":"Outcomes of subdural hematoma in the elderly with a history of minor or no previous trauma","volume":"119","author":"Kuhn EN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuhn EN, Erwood MS, Oster RA, Outcomes of subdural hematoma in the elderly with a history of minor or no previous trauma. World Neurosurg. 2018;119:e374\u2013e382.10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.168"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.134","article-title":"Drain insertion in chronic subdural hematoma: an international survey of practice","volume":"104","author":"Soleman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleman J, Kamenova M, Lutz K, Drain insertion in chronic subdural hematoma: an international survey of practice. World Neurosurg. 2017;104:528\u2013536.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.13428461277"},{"issue":"9695","key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6","article-title":"Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Santarius T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9695):1067\u20131073.1978287210.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E825","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz095","article-title":"Subperiosteal vs subdural drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a randomized clinical trial (cSDH-Drain-Trial)","volume":"85","author":"Soleman J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soleman J, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Subperiosteal vs subdural drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a randomized clinical trial (cSDH-Drain-Trial). Neurosurgery. 2019;85(5):E825\u2013E834.10.1093\/neuros\/nyz09531194877"},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"JMIR Res Protoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5339","article-title":"Use of subperiosteal drain versus subdural drain in chronic subdural hematomas treated with burr-hole trepanation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Soleman J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soleman J, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Use of subperiosteal drain versus subdural drain in chronic subdural hematomas treated with burr-hole trepanation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2016;5(2):e38.10.2196\/resprot.533927059872"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000255","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients","volume":"259","author":"Almenawer SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almenawer SA, Farrokhyar F, Hong C, Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;259(3):449\u2013457.10.1097\/SLA.000000000000025524096761"},{"issue":"7","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.937","article-title":"Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review","volume":"74","author":"Weigel R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weigel R, Schmiedek P, Krauss JK. Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(7):937\u2013943.10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.93712810784"},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.161788","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical management and outcome in 986 cases: a classification and regression tree approach","volume":"6","author":"Rovlias A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rovlias A, Theodoropoulos S, Papoutsakis D. Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical management and outcome in 986 cases: a classification and regression tree approach. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6(1):127.2625798510.4103\/2152-7806.161788"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Swiss Med Wkly","first-page":"w14398","article-title":"The conservative and pharmacological management of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"147","author":"Soleman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleman J, Nocera F, Mariani L. The conservative and pharmacological management of chronic subdural haematoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147:w14398.28102879"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Trials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-3050-4","article-title":"Dexamethasone for adult patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma (Dex-CSDH) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Kolias AG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kolias AG, Edlmann E, Thelin EP, Dexamethasone for adult patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma (Dex-CSDH) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):670.10.1186\/s13063-018-3050-430514400"},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04218-8","article-title":"Systematic review of current randomised control trials in chronic subdural haematoma and proposal for an international collaborative approach","volume":"162","author":"Edlmann E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edlmann E, Holl DC, Lingsma HF, Systematic review of current randomised control trials in chronic subdural haematoma and proposal for an international collaborative approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(4):763\u2013776.10.1007\/s00701-020-04218-8"},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2030","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for chronic subdural hematoma in Chinese patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Jiang R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang R, Zhao S, Wang R, Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for chronic subdural hematoma in Chinese patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(11):1338\u20131346.10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.203030073290"},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy521","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: a series of 60 cases","volume":"85","author":"Link TW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Link TW, Boddu S, Paine SM, Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: a series of 60 cases. Neurosurgery. 2019;85(6):801\u2013807.10.1093\/neuros\/nyy52130418606"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.167","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Srivatsan A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srivatsan A, Mohanty A, Nascimento FA, Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: meta-analysis and systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:613\u2013619.3048162810.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.167"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-004-0337-6","article-title":"Demographics and prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large single-center cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Baechli H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baechli H, Nordmann A, Bucher HC, Gratzl O. Demographics and prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large single-center cohort study. Neurosurg Rev. 2004;27(4):263\u2013266.10.1007\/s10143-004-0337-615148652"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.180","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr hole drainage for chronic subdural hematomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Ding H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding H, Liu S, Quan X, Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr hole drainage for chronic subdural hematomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020;136:90\u2013100.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.18031927124"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Front Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00312","article-title":"Type of drain in chronic subdural hematoma\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Greuter L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greuter L, Hejrati N, Soleman J. Type of drain in chronic subdural hematoma\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2020;11:312.3239093210.3389\/fneur.2020.00312"},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04208-5","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Pranata R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pranata R, Deka H, July J. Subperiosteal versus subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(3):489\u2013498.10.1007\/s00701-019-04208-5"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.116","article-title":"A comparison of subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage with subdural drainage on the outcome of chronic subdural hematoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Xie Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Lu Q, Lenahan C, A comparison of subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage with subdural drainage on the outcome of chronic subdural hematoma: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020;135:e723\u2013e730.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.116"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.175","article-title":"Time to and possible risk factors for recurrence after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Lutz K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lutz K, Kamenova M, Schaedelin S, Time to and possible risk factors for recurrence after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain randomized controlled trial. World Neurosurg. 2019;132:e283\u2013e289.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.17531479790"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105899","article-title":"Practice variation in the conservative and surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"195","author":"Laldjising ERA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laldjising ERA, Cornelissen FMG, Gadjradj PS. Practice variation in the conservative and surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;195:105899.3251664010.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105899"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.134","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr-hole drainage under blood thinners: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain RCT","volume":"139","author":"Kamenova M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamenova M, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr-hole drainage under blood thinners: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain RCT. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:e113\u2013e120.3224779410.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.134"},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy366","article-title":"Does drain position and duration influence outcomes in patients undergoing burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma? Lessons from a UK multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Glancz LJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glancz LJ, Poon MTC, Coulter IC, Does drain position and duration influence outcomes in patients undergoing burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma? Lessons from a UK multicenter prospective cohort study. Neurosurgery. 2019;85(4):486\u2013493.10.1093\/neuros\/nyy36630169738"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.166","article-title":"When the drain hits the brain","volume":"138","author":"Kamenova M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamenova M, Wanderer S, Lipps P, When the drain hits the brain. World Neurosurg. 2020;138:e426\u2013e436.3214754710.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.166"},{"issue":"12","key":"b28","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic subdural hematomas. Article in Japanese","volume":"39","author":"Karibe H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karibe H, Kameyama M, Kawase M, Epidemiology of chronic subdural hematomas. Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka. 2011;39(12):1149\u20131153.22128269"},{"issue":"11","key":"b29","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1483-1","article-title":"A prospective randomised study to compare the utility and outcomes of subdural and subperiosteal drains for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"154","author":"Kaliaperumal C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaliaperumal C, Khalil A, Fenton E, A prospective randomised study to compare the utility and outcomes of subdural and subperiosteal drains for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(11):2083\u20132089.10.1007\/s00701-012-1483-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.002","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history","volume":"28","author":"Yang W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang W, Huang J. Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):205\u2013210.2832545410.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"QJM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx143","article-title":"Increasing incidence of chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly","volume":"110","author":"Adhiyaman V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adhiyaman V, Chattopadhyay I, Irshad F, Increasing incidence of chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly. QJM. 2017;110(6):375\u2013378.10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx14328069915"},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0979-4","article-title":"Outcomes following surgery in subgroups of comatose and very elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"42","author":"Christopher E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christopher E, Poon MTC, Glancz LJ, Outcomes following surgery in subgroups of comatose and very elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Rev. 2019;42(2):427\u2013431.2967917810.1007\/s10143-018-0979-4"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.168","article-title":"Outcomes of subdural hematoma in the elderly with a history of minor or no previous trauma","volume":"119","author":"Kuhn EN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuhn EN, Erwood MS, Oster RA, Outcomes of subdural hematoma in the elderly with a history of minor or no previous trauma. World Neurosurg. 2018;119:e374\u2013e382.10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.168"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.134","article-title":"Drain insertion in chronic subdural hematoma: an international survey of practice","volume":"104","author":"Soleman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleman J, Kamenova M, Lutz K, Drain insertion in chronic subdural hematoma: an international survey of practice. World Neurosurg. 2017;104:528\u2013536.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.13428461277"},{"issue":"9695","key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6","article-title":"Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Santarius T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9695):1067\u20131073.1978287210.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61115-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E825","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz095","article-title":"Subperiosteal vs subdural drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a randomized clinical trial (cSDH-Drain-Trial)","volume":"85","author":"Soleman J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soleman J, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Subperiosteal vs subdural drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a randomized clinical trial (cSDH-Drain-Trial). Neurosurgery. 2019;85(5):E825\u2013E834.10.1093\/neuros\/nyz09531194877"},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"JMIR Res Protoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5339","article-title":"Use of subperiosteal drain versus subdural drain in chronic subdural hematomas treated with burr-hole trepanation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Soleman J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soleman J, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Use of subperiosteal drain versus subdural drain in chronic subdural hematomas treated with burr-hole trepanation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2016;5(2):e38.10.2196\/resprot.533927059872"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000255","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients","volume":"259","author":"Almenawer SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almenawer SA, Farrokhyar F, Hong C, Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;259(3):449\u2013457.10.1097\/SLA.000000000000025524096761"},{"issue":"7","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.937","article-title":"Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review","volume":"74","author":"Weigel R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weigel R, Schmiedek P, Krauss JK. Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(7):937\u2013943.10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.93712810784"},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.161788","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical management and outcome in 986 cases: a classification and regression tree approach","volume":"6","author":"Rovlias A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rovlias A, Theodoropoulos S, Papoutsakis D. Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical management and outcome in 986 cases: a classification and regression tree approach. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6(1):127.2625798510.4103\/2152-7806.161788"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Swiss Med Wkly","first-page":"w14398","article-title":"The conservative and pharmacological management of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"147","author":"Soleman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soleman J, Nocera F, Mariani L. The conservative and pharmacological management of chronic subdural haematoma. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147:w14398.28102879"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Trials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-3050-4","article-title":"Dexamethasone for adult patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma (Dex-CSDH) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Kolias AG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kolias AG, Edlmann E, Thelin EP, Dexamethasone for adult patients with a symptomatic chronic subdural haematoma (Dex-CSDH) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):670.10.1186\/s13063-018-3050-430514400"},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04218-8","article-title":"Systematic review of current randomised control trials in chronic subdural haematoma and proposal for an international collaborative approach","volume":"162","author":"Edlmann E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edlmann E, Holl DC, Lingsma HF, Systematic review of current randomised control trials in chronic subdural haematoma and proposal for an international collaborative approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(4):763\u2013776.10.1007\/s00701-020-04218-8"},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2030","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for chronic subdural hematoma in Chinese patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Jiang R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang R, Zhao S, Wang R, Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for chronic subdural hematoma in Chinese patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(11):1338\u20131346.10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.203030073290"},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy521","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: a series of 60 cases","volume":"85","author":"Link TW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Link TW, Boddu S, Paine SM, Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: a series of 60 cases. Neurosurgery. 2019;85(6):801\u2013807.10.1093\/neuros\/nyy52130418606"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.167","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Srivatsan A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srivatsan A, Mohanty A, Nascimento FA, Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: meta-analysis and systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:613\u2013619.3048162810.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.167"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-004-0337-6","article-title":"Demographics and prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large single-center cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Baechli H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baechli H, Nordmann A, Bucher HC, Gratzl O. Demographics and prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large single-center cohort study. Neurosurg Rev. 2004;27(4):263\u2013266.10.1007\/s10143-004-0337-615148652"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.180","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr hole drainage for chronic subdural hematomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Ding H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding H, Liu S, Quan X, Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr hole drainage for chronic subdural hematomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020;136:90\u2013100.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.18031927124"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Front Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00312","article-title":"Type of drain in chronic subdural hematoma\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Greuter L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greuter L, Hejrati N, Soleman J. Type of drain in chronic subdural hematoma\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2020;11:312.3239093210.3389\/fneur.2020.00312"},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04208-5","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Pranata R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pranata R, Deka H, July J. Subperiosteal versus subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(3):489\u2013498.10.1007\/s00701-019-04208-5"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.116","article-title":"A comparison of subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage with subdural drainage on the outcome of chronic subdural hematoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Xie Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Lu Q, Lenahan C, A comparison of subperiosteal or subgaleal drainage with subdural drainage on the outcome of chronic subdural hematoma: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2020;135:e723\u2013e730.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.116"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.175","article-title":"Time to and possible risk factors for recurrence after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Lutz K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lutz K, Kamenova M, Schaedelin S, Time to and possible risk factors for recurrence after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain randomized controlled trial. World Neurosurg. 2019;132:e283\u2013e289.10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.17531479790"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105899","article-title":"Practice variation in the conservative and surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"195","author":"Laldjising ERA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laldjising ERA, Cornelissen FMG, Gadjradj PS. Practice variation in the conservative and surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;195:105899.3251664010.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105899"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.134","article-title":"Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr-hole drainage under blood thinners: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain RCT","volume":"139","author":"Kamenova M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamenova M, Lutz K, Schaedelin S, Subperiosteal versus subdural drain after burr-hole drainage under blood thinners: a subanalysis of the cSDH-Drain RCT. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:e113\u2013e120.3224779410.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.134"},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy366","article-title":"Does drain position and duration influence outcomes in patients undergoing burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma? Lessons from a UK multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Glancz LJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glancz LJ, Poon MTC, Coulter IC, Does drain position and duration influence outcomes in patients undergoing burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma? Lessons from a UK multicenter prospective cohort study. Neurosurgery. 2019;85(4):486\u2013493.10.1093\/neuros\/nyy36630169738"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.166","article-title":"When the drain hits the brain","volume":"138","author":"Kamenova M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamenova M, Wanderer S, Lipps P, When the drain hits the brain. World Neurosurg. 2020;138:e426\u2013e436.3214754710.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.166"},{"issue":"12","key":"b28","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic subdural hematomas. Article in Japanese","volume":"39","author":"Karibe H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karibe H, Kameyama M, Kawase M, Epidemiology of chronic subdural hematomas. Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka. 2011;39(12):1149\u20131153.22128269"},{"issue":"11","key":"b29","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1483-1","article-title":"A prospective randomised study to compare the utility and outcomes of subdural and subperiosteal drains for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"154","author":"Kaliaperumal C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaliaperumal C, Khalil A, Fenton E, A prospective randomised study to compare the utility and outcomes of subdural and subperiosteal drains for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(11):2083\u20132089.10.1007\/s00701-012-1483-1"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:36:05Z","timestamp":1780130165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE6.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.7.focus20489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}