{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:35:46Z","timestamp":1791387346255,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Life expectancy has increased over the past century, causing a shift in the demographic distribution toward older age groups. Elderly patients comprise up to 14% of all patients with pituitary tumors, with most lesions being nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Here, the authors evaluated demographics, outcomes, and postoperative complications between nonelderly adult and elderly NFPA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of 908 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for NFPA at a single institution from 2007 to 2019 was conducted. Clinical and surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were compared between nonelderly adult (age \u2265 18 and \u2264 65 years) and elderly patients (age &gt; 65 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 614 and 294 patients in the nonelderly and elderly groups, respectively. Both groups were similar in sex (57.3% vs 60.5% males; p = 0.4), tumor size (2.56 vs 2.46 cm; p = 0.2), and cavernous sinus invasion (35.8% vs 33.7%; p = 0.6). Regarding postoperative outcomes, length of stay (1 vs 2 days; p = 0.5), extent of resection (59.8% vs 64.8% gross-total resection; p = 0.2), CSF leak requiring surgical revision (4.3% vs 1.4%; p = 0.06), 30-day readmission (8.1% vs 7.3%; p = 0.7), infection (3.1% vs 2.0%; p = 0.5), and new hypopituitarism (13.9% vs 12.0%; p = 0.3) were similar between both groups. Elderly patients were less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (8.7% vs 16.3%; p = 0.009), undergo future reoperation (3.8% vs 9.5%; p = 0.003), and experience postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) (3.7% vs 9.4%; p = 0.002), and more likely to have postoperative hyponatremia (26.7% vs 16.4%; p &lt; 0.001) and new cranial nerve deficit (1.9% vs 0.0%; p = 0.01). Subanalysis of elderly patients showed that patients with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores had comparable outcomes other than higher DI rates (8.1% vs 0.0%; p = 0.006). Elderly patients\u2019 postoperative sodium peaked and troughed on postoperative day 3 (POD3) (mean 138.7 mEq\/L) and POD9 (mean 130.8 mEq\/L), respectively, compared with nonelderly patients (peak POD2: mean 139.9 mEq\/L; trough POD8: mean 131.3 mEq\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 analysis revealed that TSS for NFPA in elderly patients is safe with low complication rates. In this cohort, more elderly patients experienced postoperative hyponatremia, while more nonelderly patients experienced postoperative DI. These findings, combined with the observation of higher DI in patients with more comorbidities and elderly patients experiencing later peaks and troughs in serum sodium, suggest age-related differences in sodium regulation after NFPA resection. The authors hope that their results will help guide discussions with elderly patients regarding risks and outcomes of TSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.focus20524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T07:15:57Z","timestamp":1601536557000},"page":"E19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Matheus P.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taemin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushikesh S.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander F.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Peeran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Sudhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saket","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angad","family":"Beniwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gurrola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan H.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis S.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip V.","family":"Theodosopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kunwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish K.","family":"Aghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Menoufia Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.155950","article-title":"Surgical outcome of endoscopic versus microscopic trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas","volume":"28","author":"Eltabl MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eltabl MA, Eladawy Y, Hanafy A,  Surgical outcome of endoscopic versus microscopic trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas. Menoufia Med J. 2015;28(1):87.10.4103\/1110-2098.155950"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412","article-title":"The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Ezzat S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ezzat S, Asa SL, Couldwell WT,  The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004;101(3):613\u2013619.1527407510.1002\/cncr.20412"},{"issue":"9","key":"b3","series-title":"J Endocrinol Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347763","article-title":"Recovery of visual and endocrine function following transsphenoidal surgery of large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"17","author":"Marazuela M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marazuela M, Astigarraga B, Vicente A,  Recovery of visual and endocrine function following transsphenoidal surgery of large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 1994;17(9):703\u2013707.10.1007\/BF033477637868814"},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"78","author":"Gsponer J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gsponer J, De Tribolet N, D\u00e9ruaz JP,  Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1999;78(4):236\u2013269.10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"319","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: an overview","volume":"88","author":"Lake MG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lake MG, Krook LS, Cruz SV. Pituitary adenomas: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(5):319\u2013327.24010395"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Health Aff (Millwood).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.19.3.191","article-title":"Population aging: a comparison among industrialized countries","volume":"19","author":"Anderson GF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson GF, Hussey PS. Population aging: a comparison among industrialized countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2000;19(3):191\u2013203.1081279910.1377\/hlthaff.19.3.191"},{"issue":"9696","key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4","article-title":"Ageing populations: the challenges ahead","volume":"374","author":"Christensen K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen K, Doblhammer G, Rau R, Vaupel JW. Ageing populations: the challenges ahead. Lancet. 2009;374(9696):1196\u20131208.1980109810.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division","year":"2019","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. United Nations; 2019. Accessed August 20, 2020. https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Publications\/Files\/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400383","article-title":"Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience","volume":"140","author":"Turner HE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Turner HE, Adams CB, Wass JA. Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140(5):383\u2013389.10.1530\/eje.0.140038310229901"},{"issue":"10","key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.003","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 103 elderly patients with pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal surgery and follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Hong J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hong J, Ding X, Lu Y. Clinical analysis of 103 elderly patients with pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal surgery and follow-up. J Clin Neurosci. 2008;15(10):1091\u20131095.1869311310.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.003"},{"issue":"11","key":"b11","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.170","article-title":"Surgery: risks of pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Freda PU","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freda PU, Bruce JN. Surgery: risks of pituitary surgery in the elderly. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(11):606\u2013608.10.1038\/nrendo.2010.17020962868"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Mod Geriatr","first-page":"234","article-title":"Primary intracranial tumours","volume":"4","author":"Cooney LM","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cooney LM, Solitaire GB. Primary intracranial tumours. Mod Geriatr. 1974;4:234\u2013240."},{"issue":"12","key":"b13","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","article-title":"High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium","volume":"91","author":"Daly AF","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C,  High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4769\u20134775.10.1210\/jc.2006-166816968795"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS14372","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients with pituitary adenomas","volume":"123","author":"Gondim JA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gondim JA, Almeida JP, de Albuquerque LAF,  Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients with pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg. 2015;123(1):31\u201338.2583992610.3171\/2014.10.JNS14372"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.054","article-title":"Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"53","author":"Kinoshita Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinoshita Y, Kurisu K, Arita K. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;53:127\u2013131.10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.05429739724"},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200010000-00009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"47","author":"Kurosaki M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kurosaki M, L\u00fcdecke DK, Flitsch J, Saeger W. Surgical treatment of clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(4):843\u2013849.1101442310.1097\/00006123-200010000-00009"},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.JNS181875","article-title":"Impact of frailty on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"132","author":"Asemota AO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asemota AO, Gallia GL. Impact of frailty on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(2):360\u2013370.10.3171\/2018.8.JNS18187530797214"},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy109","article-title":"Outcomes following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly: a retrospective single-center review","volume":"16","author":"Memel Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Memel Z, Chesney K, Pangal DJ,  Outcomes following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly: a retrospective single-center review. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(3):302\u2013309.2980045910.1093\/ons\/opy109"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_189_17","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for patients aged over 80 years with pituitary adenomas: surgical and follow-up results","volume":"8","author":"Fujimoto K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Yano S, Shinojima N,  Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for patients aged over 80 years with pituitary adenomas: surgical and follow-up results. Surg Neurol Int. 2017;8(1):213.10.4103\/sni.sni_189_1728966819"},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13590","article-title":"Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults: clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Liu J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu J, Li C, Xiao Q,  Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults: clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1924\u20131930.2631333210.1111\/jgs.13590"},{"issue":"2","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020652604014","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors in the elderly: clinical outcome and long-term follow-up","volume":"60","author":"Ferrante L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferrante L, Trill\u00f2 G, Ramundo E,  Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors in the elderly: clinical outcome and long-term follow-up. J Neurooncol. 2002;60(2):185\u2013191.1263566710.1023\/A:1020652604014"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.035","article-title":"Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients","volume":"84","author":"Zhan R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhan R, Ma Z, Wang D, Li X. Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(6):1572\u20131578.10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.03526341428"},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Endocr Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13182.OR","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly compared with younger age groups","volume":"20","author":"Robenshtok E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robenshtok E, Benbassat CA, Hirsch D,  Clinical course and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly compared with younger age groups. Endocr Pract. 2014;20(2):159\u2013164.10.4158\/EP13182.OR24013994"},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0509-3","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in patients aged 80 years or older","volume":"37","author":"Yunoue S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yunoue S, Tokimura H, Tominaga A,  Transsphenoidal surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in patients aged 80 years or older. Neurosurg Rev. 2014;37(2):269\u2013277.10.1007\/s10143-013-0509-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1180933.x","article-title":"Pituitary tumours presenting in the elderly: management and outcome","volume":"46","author":"Benbow SJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Benbow SJ, Foy P, Jones B,  Pituitary tumours presenting in the elderly: management and outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1997;46(6):657\u2013660.10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1180933.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"Age Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/18.4.247","article-title":"The presentation and management of pituitary tumours in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Cohen DL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cohen DL, Bevan JS, Adams CBT. The presentation and management of pituitary tumours in the elderly. Age Ageing. 1989;18(4):247\u2013252.10.1093\/ageing\/18.4.2472816557"},{"issue":"2","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS162286","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"128","author":"Wilson PJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson PJ, Omay SB, Kacker A,  Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(2):429\u2013436.10.3171\/2016.11.JNS16228628387628"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.024","article-title":"Safety and outcome of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in elderly patients","volume":"122","author":"Azab MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azab MA, O\u2019Hagan M, Abou-Al-Shaar H,  Safety and outcome of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in elderly patients. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1252\u2013e1258.3044746210.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.024"},{"issue":"5","key":"b29","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.872225","article-title":"Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly is safe and effective","volume":"28","author":"Pereira EAC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pereira EAC, Plaha P, Chari A,  Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly is safe and effective. Br J Neurosurg. 2014;28(5):616\u2013621.10.3109\/02688697.2013.87222524377670"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.038","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and microsurgical therapy of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 130 cases","volume":"46","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Lian W, Xing B,  The clinical characteristics and microsurgical therapy of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 130 cases. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;46:13\u201316.10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.03828888480"},{"issue":"9","key":"b31","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150112","article-title":"Surgical treatment of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas by the endoscopic endonasal approach in the elderly","volume":"73","author":"Marenco HA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marenco HA, Zymberg ST, Santos RP, Ramalho CO. Surgical treatment of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas by the endoscopic endonasal approach in the elderly. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2015;73(9):764\u2013769.10.1590\/0004-282X2015011226352495"},{"issue":"11","key":"b32","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","article-title":"Validation of a combined comorbidity index","volume":"47","author":"Charlson M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of a combined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(11):1245\u20131251.772256010.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-1581-2","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma in elderly patients","volume":"150","author":"Sheehan JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sheehan JM, Douds GL, Hill K, Farace E. Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma in elderly patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150(6):571\u2013574.10.1007\/s00701-008-1581-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"J Gerontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/35.1.16","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas in old age","volume":"35","author":"Kovacs K","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Ryan N, Horvath E,  Pituitary adenomas in old age. J Gerontol. 1980;35(1):16\u201322.10.1093\/geronj\/35.1.166243145"},{"issue":"7","key":"b35","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-00117","article-title":"Pituitary tumors in the elderly","volume":"197","author":"Kurosaki M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kurosaki M, Saeger W, L\u00fcdecke DK. Pituitary tumors in the elderly. Pathol Res Pract. 2001;197(7):493\u2013497.1148258010.1078\/0344-0338-00117"},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02557.x","article-title":"Age-related and gender-related occurrence of pituitary adenomas","volume":"41","author":"Mindermann T","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mindermann T, Wilson CB. Age-related and gender-related occurrence of pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41(3):359\u2013364.789328210.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02557.x"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Modern Neurosurgery of Meningiomas and Pituitary Adenomas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9450-8_11","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","author":"Pospiech J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pospiech J, Stolke D, Pospiech FR. Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. In: Fahlbusch R, Bock WJ, Brock M, , eds. Modern Neurosurgery of Meningiomas and Pituitary Adenomas. Springer Vienna; 1996:35\u201336.10.1007\/978-3-7091-9450-8_11"},{"issue":"6","key":"b38","series-title":"Cancer Contr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480000700604","article-title":"Brain tumors in the older person","volume":"7","author":"Flowers A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Flowers A. Brain tumors in the older person. Cancer Contr. 2000;7(6):523\u2013538.10.1177\/107327480000700604"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.151","article-title":"Risks and benefits of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in patients of the ninth decade","volume":"106","author":"Chinezu R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chinezu R, Fomekong F, Lasolle H,  Risks and benefits of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in patients of the ninth decade. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:315\u2013321.2867646210.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.151"},{"issue":"3","key":"b40","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03813.x","article-title":"Complications and death among elderly patients undergoing pituitary tumour surgery","volume":"73","author":"Grossman R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grossman R, Mukherjee D, Chaichana KL,  Complications and death among elderly patients undergoing pituitary tumour surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;73(3):361\u2013368.2045588910.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03813.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"b41","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.6.JNS101663","article-title":"Factors associated with delay to pituitary adenoma diagnosis in patients with visual loss","volume":"116","author":"Jahangiri A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahangiri A, Lamborn KR, Blevins L,  Factors associated with delay to pituitary adenoma diagnosis in patients with visual loss. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(2):283\u2013289.10.3171\/2011.6.JNS10166321740118"},{"issue":"3","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.3.0448","article-title":"Predictors of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery: a review of 881 patients","volume":"103","author":"Nemergut EC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nemergut EC, Zuo Z, Jane JA Jr, Laws ER Jr. Predictors of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery: a review of 881 patients. J Neurosurg. 2005;103(3):448\u2013454.10.3171\/jns.2005.103.3.044816235676"},{"issue":"9","key":"b43","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00121","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus following endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas","volume":"2","author":"Nayak P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nayak P, Montaser AS, Hu J,  Predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus following endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas. J Endocr Soc. 2018;2(9):1010\u20131019.10.1210\/js.2018-0012130140786"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"J Neurosurg. Published online November","article-title":"Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Little AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Little AS, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC,  Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Neurosurg. Published online November 15, 2019. doi:10.3171\/2019.8.JNS191012"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.175","article-title":"Physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte disturbances after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"107","author":"Blair ET","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blair ET, Clemmer JS, Harkey HL,  Physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte disturbances after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. World Neurosurg. 2017;107:429\u2013436.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.17528797976"},{"issue":"4","key":"b46","series-title":"J Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041199","article-title":"Incidence, etiology and outcomes of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery: experience with 344 consecutive patients at a single tertiary center","volume":"3","author":"Barber SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barber SM, Liebelt BD, Baskin DS. Incidence, etiology and outcomes of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery: experience with 344 consecutive patients at a single tertiary center. J Clin Med. 2014;3(4):1199\u20131219.10.3390\/jcm3041199"},{"issue":"10","key":"b47","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62269-1","article-title":"Aging and the human pituitary gland","volume":"68","author":"Sano T","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sano T, Kovacs KT, Scheithauer BW, Young WF Jr. Aging and the human pituitary gland. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68(10):971\u2013977.841236310.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62269-1"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Clin Interv Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S138535","article-title":"Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions","volume":"12","author":"Filippatos TD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G. Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1957\u20131965.10.2147\/CIA.S13853529180859"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Menoufia Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.155950","article-title":"Surgical outcome of endoscopic versus microscopic trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas","volume":"28","author":"Eltabl MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eltabl MA, Eladawy Y, Hanafy A,  Surgical outcome of endoscopic versus microscopic trans-sphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas. Menoufia Med J. 2015;28(1):87.10.4103\/1110-2098.155950"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412","article-title":"The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Ezzat S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ezzat S, Asa SL, Couldwell WT,  The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004;101(3):613\u2013619.1527407510.1002\/cncr.20412"},{"issue":"9","key":"b3","series-title":"J Endocrinol Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347763","article-title":"Recovery of visual and endocrine function following transsphenoidal surgery of large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"17","author":"Marazuela M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marazuela M, Astigarraga B, Vicente A,  Recovery of visual and endocrine function following transsphenoidal surgery of large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 1994;17(9):703\u2013707.10.1007\/BF033477637868814"},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"78","author":"Gsponer J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gsponer J, De Tribolet N, D\u00e9ruaz JP,  Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1999;78(4):236\u2013269.10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"319","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: an overview","volume":"88","author":"Lake MG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lake MG, Krook LS, Cruz SV. Pituitary adenomas: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(5):319\u2013327.24010395"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Health Aff (Millwood).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.19.3.191","article-title":"Population aging: a comparison among industrialized countries","volume":"19","author":"Anderson GF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson GF, Hussey PS. Population aging: a comparison among industrialized countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2000;19(3):191\u2013203.1081279910.1377\/hlthaff.19.3.191"},{"issue":"9696","key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4","article-title":"Ageing populations: the challenges ahead","volume":"374","author":"Christensen K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen K, Doblhammer G, Rau R, Vaupel JW. Ageing populations: the challenges ahead. Lancet. 2009;374(9696):1196\u20131208.1980109810.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division","year":"2019","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. United Nations; 2019. Accessed August 20, 2020. https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Publications\/Files\/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400383","article-title":"Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience","volume":"140","author":"Turner HE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Turner HE, Adams CB, Wass JA. Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140(5):383\u2013389.10.1530\/eje.0.140038310229901"},{"issue":"10","key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.003","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 103 elderly patients with pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal surgery and follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Hong J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hong J, Ding X, Lu Y. Clinical analysis of 103 elderly patients with pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal surgery and follow-up. J Clin Neurosci. 2008;15(10):1091\u20131095.1869311310.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.003"},{"issue":"11","key":"b11","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.170","article-title":"Surgery: risks of pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Freda PU","year":"2010","unstructured":"Freda PU, Bruce JN. Surgery: risks of pituitary surgery in the elderly. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(11):606\u2013608.10.1038\/nrendo.2010.17020962868"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Mod Geriatr","first-page":"234","article-title":"Primary intracranial tumours","volume":"4","author":"Cooney LM","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cooney LM, Solitaire GB. Primary intracranial tumours. Mod Geriatr. 1974;4:234\u2013240."},{"issue":"12","key":"b13","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","article-title":"High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium","volume":"91","author":"Daly AF","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C,  High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4769\u20134775.10.1210\/jc.2006-166816968795"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS14372","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients with pituitary adenomas","volume":"123","author":"Gondim JA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gondim JA, Almeida JP, de Albuquerque LAF,  Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients with pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg. 2015;123(1):31\u201338.2583992610.3171\/2014.10.JNS14372"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.054","article-title":"Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"53","author":"Kinoshita Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinoshita Y, Kurisu K, Arita K. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;53:127\u2013131.10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.05429739724"},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200010000-00009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"47","author":"Kurosaki M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kurosaki M, L\u00fcdecke DK, Flitsch J, Saeger W. Surgical treatment of clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(4):843\u2013849.1101442310.1097\/00006123-200010000-00009"},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.JNS181875","article-title":"Impact of frailty on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"132","author":"Asemota AO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asemota AO, Gallia GL. Impact of frailty on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(2):360\u2013370.10.3171\/2018.8.JNS18187530797214"},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy109","article-title":"Outcomes following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly: a retrospective single-center review","volume":"16","author":"Memel Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Memel Z, Chesney K, Pangal DJ,  Outcomes following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly: a retrospective single-center review. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(3):302\u2013309.2980045910.1093\/ons\/opy109"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_189_17","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for patients aged over 80 years with pituitary adenomas: surgical and follow-up results","volume":"8","author":"Fujimoto K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Yano S, Shinojima N,  Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for patients aged over 80 years with pituitary adenomas: surgical and follow-up results. Surg Neurol Int. 2017;8(1):213.10.4103\/sni.sni_189_1728966819"},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13590","article-title":"Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults: clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Liu J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu J, Li C, Xiao Q,  Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults: clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1924\u20131930.2631333210.1111\/jgs.13590"},{"issue":"2","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020652604014","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors in the elderly: clinical outcome and long-term follow-up","volume":"60","author":"Ferrante L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferrante L, Trill\u00f2 G, Ramundo E,  Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors in the elderly: clinical outcome and long-term follow-up. J Neurooncol. 2002;60(2):185\u2013191.1263566710.1023\/A:1020652604014"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.035","article-title":"Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients","volume":"84","author":"Zhan R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhan R, Ma Z, Wang D, Li X. Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(6):1572\u20131578.10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.03526341428"},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Endocr Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13182.OR","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly compared with younger age groups","volume":"20","author":"Robenshtok E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robenshtok E, Benbassat CA, Hirsch D,  Clinical course and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly compared with younger age groups. Endocr Pract. 2014;20(2):159\u2013164.10.4158\/EP13182.OR24013994"},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0509-3","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in patients aged 80 years or older","volume":"37","author":"Yunoue S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yunoue S, Tokimura H, Tominaga A,  Transsphenoidal surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in patients aged 80 years or older. Neurosurg Rev. 2014;37(2):269\u2013277.10.1007\/s10143-013-0509-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1180933.x","article-title":"Pituitary tumours presenting in the elderly: management and outcome","volume":"46","author":"Benbow SJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Benbow SJ, Foy P, Jones B,  Pituitary tumours presenting in the elderly: management and outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1997;46(6):657\u2013660.10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1180933.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"b26","series-title":"Age Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/18.4.247","article-title":"The presentation and management of pituitary tumours in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Cohen DL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cohen DL, Bevan JS, Adams CBT. The presentation and management of pituitary tumours in the elderly. Age Ageing. 1989;18(4):247\u2013252.10.1093\/ageing\/18.4.2472816557"},{"issue":"2","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS162286","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"128","author":"Wilson PJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson PJ, Omay SB, Kacker A,  Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(2):429\u2013436.10.3171\/2016.11.JNS16228628387628"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.024","article-title":"Safety and outcome of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in elderly patients","volume":"122","author":"Azab MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azab MA, O\u2019Hagan M, Abou-Al-Shaar H,  Safety and outcome of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in elderly patients. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1252\u2013e1258.3044746210.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.024"},{"issue":"5","key":"b29","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.872225","article-title":"Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly is safe and effective","volume":"28","author":"Pereira EAC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pereira EAC, Plaha P, Chari A,  Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly is safe and effective. Br J Neurosurg. 2014;28(5):616\u2013621.10.3109\/02688697.2013.87222524377670"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.038","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and microsurgical therapy of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 130 cases","volume":"46","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Lian W, Xing B,  The clinical characteristics and microsurgical therapy of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 130 cases. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;46:13\u201316.10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.03828888480"},{"issue":"9","key":"b31","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150112","article-title":"Surgical treatment of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas by the endoscopic endonasal approach in the elderly","volume":"73","author":"Marenco HA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marenco HA, Zymberg ST, Santos RP, Ramalho CO. Surgical treatment of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas by the endoscopic endonasal approach in the elderly. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2015;73(9):764\u2013769.10.1590\/0004-282X2015011226352495"},{"issue":"11","key":"b32","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","article-title":"Validation of a combined comorbidity index","volume":"47","author":"Charlson M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of a combined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(11):1245\u20131251.772256010.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-1581-2","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma in elderly patients","volume":"150","author":"Sheehan JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sheehan JM, Douds GL, Hill K, Farace E. Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma in elderly patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150(6):571\u2013574.10.1007\/s00701-008-1581-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"J Gerontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/35.1.16","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas in old age","volume":"35","author":"Kovacs K","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kovacs K, Ryan N, Horvath E,  Pituitary adenomas in old age. J Gerontol. 1980;35(1):16\u201322.10.1093\/geronj\/35.1.166243145"},{"issue":"7","key":"b35","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-00117","article-title":"Pituitary tumors in the elderly","volume":"197","author":"Kurosaki M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kurosaki M, Saeger W, L\u00fcdecke DK. Pituitary tumors in the elderly. Pathol Res Pract. 2001;197(7):493\u2013497.1148258010.1078\/0344-0338-00117"},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02557.x","article-title":"Age-related and gender-related occurrence of pituitary adenomas","volume":"41","author":"Mindermann T","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mindermann T, Wilson CB. Age-related and gender-related occurrence of pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41(3):359\u2013364.789328210.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02557.x"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Modern Neurosurgery of Meningiomas and Pituitary Adenomas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9450-8_11","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","author":"Pospiech J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pospiech J, Stolke D, Pospiech FR. Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. In: Fahlbusch R, Bock WJ, Brock M, , eds. Modern Neurosurgery of Meningiomas and Pituitary Adenomas. Springer Vienna; 1996:35\u201336.10.1007\/978-3-7091-9450-8_11"},{"issue":"6","key":"b38","series-title":"Cancer Contr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480000700604","article-title":"Brain tumors in the older person","volume":"7","author":"Flowers A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Flowers A. Brain tumors in the older person. Cancer Contr. 2000;7(6):523\u2013538.10.1177\/107327480000700604"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.151","article-title":"Risks and benefits of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in patients of the ninth decade","volume":"106","author":"Chinezu R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chinezu R, Fomekong F, Lasolle H,  Risks and benefits of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in patients of the ninth decade. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:315\u2013321.2867646210.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.151"},{"issue":"3","key":"b40","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03813.x","article-title":"Complications and death among elderly patients undergoing pituitary tumour surgery","volume":"73","author":"Grossman R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grossman R, Mukherjee D, Chaichana KL,  Complications and death among elderly patients undergoing pituitary tumour surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;73(3):361\u2013368.2045588910.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03813.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"b41","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.6.JNS101663","article-title":"Factors associated with delay to pituitary adenoma diagnosis in patients with visual loss","volume":"116","author":"Jahangiri A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahangiri A, Lamborn KR, Blevins L,  Factors associated with delay to pituitary adenoma diagnosis in patients with visual loss. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(2):283\u2013289.10.3171\/2011.6.JNS10166321740118"},{"issue":"3","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.3.0448","article-title":"Predictors of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery: a review of 881 patients","volume":"103","author":"Nemergut EC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nemergut EC, Zuo Z, Jane JA Jr, Laws ER Jr. Predictors of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery: a review of 881 patients. J Neurosurg. 2005;103(3):448\u2013454.10.3171\/jns.2005.103.3.044816235676"},{"issue":"9","key":"b43","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00121","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus following endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas","volume":"2","author":"Nayak P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nayak P, Montaser AS, Hu J,  Predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus following endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas. J Endocr Soc. 2018;2(9):1010\u20131019.10.1210\/js.2018-0012130140786"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"J Neurosurg. Published online November","article-title":"Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Little AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Little AS, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC,  Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Neurosurg. Published online November 15, 2019. doi:10.3171\/2019.8.JNS191012"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.175","article-title":"Physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte disturbances after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"107","author":"Blair ET","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blair ET, Clemmer JS, Harkey HL,  Physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte disturbances after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. World Neurosurg. 2017;107:429\u2013436.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.17528797976"},{"issue":"4","key":"b46","series-title":"J Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041199","article-title":"Incidence, etiology and outcomes of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery: experience with 344 consecutive patients at a single tertiary center","volume":"3","author":"Barber SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barber SM, Liebelt BD, Baskin DS. Incidence, etiology and outcomes of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery: experience with 344 consecutive patients at a single tertiary center. J Clin Med. 2014;3(4):1199\u20131219.10.3390\/jcm3041199"},{"issue":"10","key":"b47","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62269-1","article-title":"Aging and the human pituitary gland","volume":"68","author":"Sano T","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sano T, Kovacs KT, Scheithauer BW, Young WF Jr. Aging and the human pituitary gland. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68(10):971\u2013977.841236310.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62269-1"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Clin Interv Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S138535","article-title":"Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions","volume":"12","author":"Filippatos TD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G. Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1957\u20131965.10.2147\/CIA.S13853529180859"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:36:05Z","timestamp":1780130165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/49\/4\/article-pE19.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.7.focus20524","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}