{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:48:54Z","timestamp":1791596934932,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcified cerebral emboli (CCE) are a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke. The authors aimed to assess the association of CCE with functional outcome, successful reperfusion, and mortality. Furthermore, they aimed to assess the effectiveness of intravenous alteplase treatment and endovascular treatment (EVT), as well as the best first-line EVT approach in patients with CCE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) Registry is a prospective, observational multicenter registry of patients treated with EVT for acute ischemic stroke in 16 intervention hospitals in the Netherlands. The association of CCE with functional outcome, reperfusion, and mortality was evaluated using logistic regression models. Univariable comparisons were made to determine the effectiveness of intravenous alteplase treatment and the best first-line EVT approach in CCE patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 3077 patients from the MR CLEAN Registry. Fifty-five patients (1.8%) had CCE. CCE were not significantly associated with worse functional outcome (adjusted common OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44\u20131.15), and 29% of CCE patients achieved functional independence. An extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score \u2265 2B was significantly less often achieved in CCE patients compared to non-CCE patients (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.52, 95% CI 0.28\u20130.97). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 8 CCE patients (15%) vs 171 of 3022 non-CCE patients (6%; p = 0.01). The median improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 2 in CCE patients versus 4 in non-CCE patients (p = 0.008). CCE were not significantly associated with mortality (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 0.64\u20132.12). Intravenous alteplase use in CCE patients was not associated with functional outcome or reperfusion. In CCE patients with successful reperfusion, stent retrievers were more often used as the primary treatment device (p = 0.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While patients with CCE had significantly lower reperfusion rates and less improvement on the NIHSS after EVT, CCE were not significantly associated with worse functional outcome or higher mortality rates. Therefore, EVT should still be considered in this specific group of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.9.jns201798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T04:11:36Z","timestamp":1620360696000},"page":"1402-1412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Endovascular treatment for calcified cerebral emboli in patients with acute ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Agnetha A. E.","family":"Bruggeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Kappelhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Arrarte Terreros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon L.","family":"Tolhuisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praneeta R.","family":"Konduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Boodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heleen M. M.","family":"van Beusekom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and MS Imaging Lab at Experimental Cardiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajo M.","family":"Hund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and MS Imaging Lab at Experimental Cardiology, and"},{"name":"Histology and MS Imaging Lab at Experimental Cardiology, and"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Haaglanden MC, Den Haag;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aladdin","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"},{"name":"Histology and MS Imaging Lab at Experimental Cardiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aad","family":"van der Lugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvo B. W. E. M.","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriaan C. G. M.","family":"van Es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim H.","family":"van Zwam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alida A.","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik W. J.","family":"Dippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester F.","family":"Lingsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk A.","family":"Marquering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering and Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Emmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B. L. M.","family":"Majoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Does histology of thrombi influence the effectiveness of thrombectomy? J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"345","article-title":"Thrombectomy of calcified emboli in stroke","volume":"10","author":"Dobrocky T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dobrocky T, Piechowiak E, Cianfoni A,  Thrombectomy of calcified emboli in stroke. Does histology of thrombi influence the effectiveness of thrombectomy? J Neurointerv Surg. 2018;10(4):345\u2013350.28798266"},{"issue":"10","key":"b2","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.005","article-title":"Manual aspiration thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke-related calcified cerebral emboli","volume":"26","author":"Koh E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koh E, Kwak HS, Chung GH. Manual aspiration thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke-related calcified cerebral emboli. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(10):2050\u20132054.2871272010.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6412","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy of calcified emboli in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study","volume":"41","author":"Maurer CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maurer CJ, Dobrocky T, Joachimski F,  Endovascular thrombectomy of calcified emboli in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(3):464\u2013468.3202947010.3174\/ajnr.A6412"},{"issue":"8","key":"b4","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3892","article-title":"Calcified cerebral emboli, a \u201cdo not miss\u201d imaging diagnosis: 22 new cases and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Walker BS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker BS, Shah LM, Osborn AG. Calcified cerebral emboli, a \u201cdo not miss\u201d imaging diagnosis: 22 new cases and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(8):1515\u20131519.10.3174\/ajnr.A389224651819"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.616","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator and calcific emboli","volume":"70","author":"Gokhale S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gokhale S, Lahoti S, Rojas R, Caplan LR. Tissue plasminogen activator and calcific emboli. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(5):642\u2013643.10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.61623460090"},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00270.x","article-title":"Unsuccessful tissue plasminogen activator treatment of acute stroke caused by a calcific embolus","volume":"14","author":"Halloran JI","year":"2004","unstructured":"Halloran JI, Bekavac I. Unsuccessful tissue plasminogen activator treatment of acute stroke caused by a calcific embolus. J Neuroimaging. 2004;14(4):385\u2013387.1535896410.1111\/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00270.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.49.281","article-title":"Ineffective thrombolytic therapy for calcified cerebral emboli originated from calcified internal carotid artery stenosis","volume":"49","author":"Okazaki S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okazaki S, Sakaguchi M, Sugiyama Y,  Ineffective thrombolytic therapy for calcified cerebral emboli originated from calcified internal carotid artery stenosis.  Article in Japanese. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2009;49(5):281\u2013284.1959410810.5692\/clinicalneurol.49.281"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","first-page":"A8946","article-title":"Calcified cerebral embolism as a cause of ischemic stroke","volume":"159","author":"Smeeing DP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smeeing DP, Kappelle LJ, Hendrikse J. Calcified cerebral embolism as a cause of ischemic stroke.  Article in Dutch.  Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2015;159:A8946.26173667"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.10.042","article-title":"Acute treatment of stroke due to spontaneous calcified cerebral emboli causing large vessel occlusion","volume":"47","author":"Raghib MF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raghib MF, Mutzenbach JS, R\u00f6sler C,  Acute treatment of stroke due to spontaneous calcified cerebral emboli causing large vessel occlusion. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;47:56\u201361.10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.10.04229102234"},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"J Syst Integr Neurosci","first-page":"180","article-title":"Calcified cerebral emboli: a case series and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"O'Cearbhaill R","year":"2016","unstructured":"O'Cearbhaill R, Moriarty HK, Crosbie I,  Calcified cerebral emboli: a case series and review of literature. J Syst Integr Neurosci. 2016;2(3):180\u2013183."},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.07.006","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebral calcific embolus from the aortic arch","volume":"111","author":"Acha O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Acha O, Novo F, Espina B,  Spontaneous cerebral calcific embolus from the aortic arch. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009;111(10):862\u2013863.1965661710.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.07.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303298","article-title":"Neurological picture. Dispersion and \u2018salted pretzel sign\u2019 from thrombolysis of a spontaneous calcified embolus in an acute stroke","volume":"84","author":"Gschwind M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gschwind M, Binaghi S, Zekeridou A, Michel P. Neurological picture. Dispersion and \u2018salted pretzel sign\u2019 from thrombolysis of a spontaneous calcified embolus in an acute stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(1):111\u2013112.10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303298"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005731","article-title":"Rolling stones sign as hard and fast evidence of calcified cerebral emboli","volume":"91","author":"Ishiyama H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishiyama H, Okazaki S, Saito K,  Rolling stones sign as hard and fast evidence of calcified cerebral emboli. Neurology. 2018;91(1):41\u201343.2984878510.1212\/WNL.0000000000005731"},{"issue":"9","key":"b14","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1996","article-title":"Calcified cerebral emboli","volume":"27","author":"Kavanagh EC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kavanagh EC, Fenton DM, Heran MK,  Calcified cerebral emboli. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27(9):1996\u20131999.17032882"},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2001.25467","article-title":"Embolization of calcific thrombi after tissue plasminogen activator treatment","volume":"10","author":"Kissela BM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kissela BM, Kothari RU, Tomsick TA,  Embolization of calcific thrombi after tissue plasminogen activator treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001;10(3):135\u2013138.1790381510.1053\/jscd.2001.25467"},{"issue":"8","key":"b16","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.038","article-title":"Utility of carotid ultrasonography in management of an atypical high vascular-risk patient with recurrent calcified cerebral embolic stroke","volume":"26","author":"Liang JW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang JW, Weinberger J, Tansy A. Utility of carotid ultrasonography in management of an atypical high vascular-risk patient with recurrent calcified cerebral embolic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(8):e156\u2013e159.2854991610.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.038"},{"issue":"11","key":"b17","series-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.54.916","article-title":"Effective thrombolytic therapy for calcified cerebral embolism originating from a calcified plaque in the internal carotid artery","volume":"54","author":"Seike N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seike N, Matsumoto K, Hirota Y, Kobessho H. Effective thrombolytic therapy for calcified cerebral embolism originating from a calcified plaque in the internal carotid artery.  Article in Japanese. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2014;54(11):916\u2013919.10.5692\/clinicalneurol.54.91625420568"},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019918784259","article-title":"Successful recanalization using the Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cage for acute stroke due to calcified cerebral emboli","volume":"24","author":"Kwak HS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwak HS, Park JS. Successful recanalization using the Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cage for acute stroke due to calcified cerebral emboli. Interv Neuroradiol. 2018;24(6):674\u2013677.10.1177\/159101991878425929969958"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.06.014","article-title":"Mechanical thrombectomy during ischaemic stroke due to a calcified cerebral embolism","volume":"32","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Moreno JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Moreno JM, Trinidad-Ruiz M, Ceberino D, Fern\u00e1ndez de Alarc\u00f3n L. Mechanical thrombectomy during ischaemic stroke due to a calcified cerebral embolism. Neurologia. 2017;32(4):270\u2013273.10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.06.01426304657"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.09.029","article-title":"Acute cerebral artery occlusion by a calcified embolus with false patency sign on computed tomographic angiography","volume":"26","author":"Uneda A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uneda A, Kanda T, Suzuki K,  Acute cerebral artery occlusion by a calcified embolus with false patency sign on computed tomographic angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(1):e5\u2013e7.10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.09.02927789151"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000995","article-title":"Successful endovascular stroke rescue with retrieval of an embolized calcium fragment after transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"7","author":"Fassa AA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fassa AA, Mazighi M, Himbert D,  Successful endovascular stroke rescue with retrieval of an embolized calcium fragment after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7(1):125\u2013126.2455053210.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000995"},{"issue":"9","key":"b22","series-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.04.018","article-title":"Neurovascular rescue for thrombus-related embolic stroke during transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"6","author":"Salinas P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salinas P, Moreno R, Frutos R, Lopez-Sendon JL. Neurovascular rescue for thrombus-related embolic stroke during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(9):981\u2013982.10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.04.01824050865"},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Pract Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001631","article-title":"Calcified embolus mimics patent middle cerebral artery on CT angiogram","volume":"17","author":"Yogendrakumar V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yogendrakumar V, Patro S, Dowlatshahi D,  Calcified embolus mimics patent middle cerebral artery on CT angiogram. Pract Neurol. 2017;17(4):307\u2013309.10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001631"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k949","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k949","article-title":"Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in routine clinical practice: prospective, observational cohort study (MR CLEAN Registry)","volume":"360","author":"Jansen IGH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jansen IGH, Mulder MJHL, Goldhoorn RB. Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in routine clinical practice: prospective, observational cohort study (MR CLEAN Registry). BMJ. 2018;360:k949.2952355710.1136\/bmj.k949"},{"issue":"5","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2018-014127","article-title":"eTICI reperfusion: defining success in endovascular stroke therapy","volume":"11","author":"Liebeskind DS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liebeskind DS, Bracard S, Guillemin F,  eTICI reperfusion: defining success in endovascular stroke therapy. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11(5):433\u2013438.3019410910.1136\/neurintsurg-2018-014127"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105715","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of calcified cerebral emboli detected in patients who underwent endovascular procedures","volume":"192","author":"Maeda T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maeda T, Kamide T, Kikkawa Y,  Incidence and predictors of calcified cerebral emboli detected in patients who underwent endovascular procedures. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;192:105715.3203626610.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105715"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2035616","article-title":"elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration","volume":"29","author":"Klein S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klein S, Staring M, Murphy K,  elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2010;29(1):196\u2013205.1992304410.1109\/TMI.2009.2035616"},{"key":"b28","article-title":"The effect of non-contrast CT slice thickness on thrombus density and perviousness assessment","author":"Tolhuisen ML","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tolhuisen ML, Enthoven J, Santos EMM,  The effect of non-contrast CT slice thickness on thrombus density and perviousness assessment. In: Cardoso MJ, Arbel T, Gao F, , eds.Molecular Imaging, Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, and Stroke Imaging and Treatment. Springer International Publishing;2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"b29","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1607-4","article-title":"Observer variability of absolute and relative thrombus density measurements in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"58","author":"Santos EM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos EM, Yoo AJ, Beenen LF,  Observer variability of absolute and relative thrombus density measurements in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology. 2016;58(2):133\u2013139.2649446210.1007\/s00234-015-1607-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"b30","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.024247","article-title":"Thrombus imaging characteristics and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment","volume":"50","author":"Dutra BG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dutra BG, Tolhuisen ML, Alves HCBR,  Thrombus imaging characteristics and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Stroke. 2019;50(8):2057\u20132064.10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.02424731216961"},{"issue":"3","key":"b31","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258355.23810.c6","article-title":"Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis","volume":"38","author":"Banks JL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Banks JL, Marotta CA. Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis. Stroke. 2007;38(3):1091\u20131096.10.1161\/01.STR.0000258355.23810.c617272767"},{"issue":"5","key":"b32","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten JC","year":"1988","unstructured":"van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC,  Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke. 1988;19(5):604\u2013607.10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604"},{"issue":"10","key":"b33","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.01.014","article-title":"Review: a gentle introduction to imputation of missing values","volume":"59","author":"Donders AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donders AR, van der Heijden GJ, Stijnen T, Moons KG. Review: a gentle introduction to imputation of missing values. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59(10):1087\u20131091.1698014910.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.01.014"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.01.003","article-title":"Iatrogenic embolization following cardiac intervention: postmortem analysis of 110 cases","volume":"40","author":"Hickey TB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hickey TB, Honig A, Ostry AJ,  Iatrogenic embolization following cardiac intervention: postmortem analysis of 110 cases. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2019;40:12\u201318.10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.01.00330769235"},{"issue":"4","key":"b35","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.4.817","article-title":"Mitral annulus calcareous brain emboli","volume":"54","author":"Mohammadkhani M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mohammadkhani M, Schaefer P, Koroshetz W, Hedley-Whyte ET. Mitral annulus calcareous brain emboli. Neurology. 2000;54(4):817.10.1212\/WNL.54.4.81710690969"},{"issue":"10","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015595","article-title":"Development of an in vitro model of calcified cerebral emboli in acute ischemic stroke for mechanical thrombectomy evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Johnson S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson S, McCarthy R, Fahy B,  Development of an in vitro model of calcified cerebral emboli in acute ischemic stroke for mechanical thrombectomy evaluation. J Neurointerv Surg. 2020;12(10):1002\u20131007.10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015595"},{"issue":"1","key":"b37","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411587","article-title":"A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"372","author":"Berkhemer OA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D,  A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):11\u201320.10.1056\/NEJMoa141158725517348"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/5\/article-p1402.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/5\/article-p1402.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/5\/article-p1402.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:51:03Z","timestamp":1791593463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/135\/5\/article-p1402.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.9.jns201798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}