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The MSC group received an intra-arterial injection of MSCs through the same microcatheter used for stent deployment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate and compare neointima and thrombus formation in a blinded fashion. Explanted specimens were also imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated by observers blinded to group allocation using an endothelialization scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 3-day MSC group was similar to the 7-day controls in terms of stent strut coverage ratio and maximum neointimal thickness, but these values were significantly higher than the 3-day control group based on a hierarchical mixed-effects linear regression analysis. SEM revealed a significantly higher endothelialization score for the MSC group compared with controls at the same time point. There was no difference in thrombus formation between any of the groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The intra-arterial injection of MSCs after endovascular stenting accelerated early neointima formation but had no effect on thrombus formation in this study. Larger studies are required to verify these findings and determine the durability and mechanism of this effect.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.11.jns212372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T07:55:45Z","timestamp":1645170945000},"page":"691-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intra-arterial injection of mesenchymal stem cells to accelerate neointima formation after endovascular stenting in a rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Kapilan","family":"Panchendrabose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Muram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke L.","family":"Belanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneer","family":"Eesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"},{"name":"Department of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Almekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"},{"name":"Department of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute,"},{"name":"Department of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arindom","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijoy K.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Har","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alim P.","family":"Mitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences,"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute,"},{"name":"Department of Radiology,"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.438","article-title":"Stent endothelialization. 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