{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:25:47Z","timestamp":1794018347849,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelocystocele (MCC) is an uncommon form of skin-covered spinal dysraphism. The authors aimed to present long-term functional outcomes of patients treated for MCC with and without associated abnormalities of cloacal development (ACD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients with MCC and at least one tethered cord release (TCR) treated at a single institution between 1982 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, operative, and functional outcome data were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 51 children with MCC, 30 (58.8%) had MCC only and 21 (41.2%) had associated ACD (MCC\/ACD). Thirty-two patients (62.7%) had undergone one TCR, while 19 patients (37.3%) had multiple TCRs. Urinary continence assessment was possible in 41 patients (80.4%), and bowel continence assessment was possible in 43 patients (84.3%) who were either older than 6 years or toilet trained. Although patients with MCC only were more likely to void volitionally (p = 0.0001), there was no difference in overall bladder continence based on the presence of ACD (p = 0.15) or the need for additional untethering procedures (p = 0.15). Those with MCC only were more likely to have overall bowel continence (p = 0.0001) and not require any management (p = 0.002), while those with MCC\/ACD were more likely to have an ileostomy (p = 0.01). Of the 30 patients with MCC only, 29 (96.7%) were able to ambulate in the community. Of 21 patients with MCC\/ACD, 14 (66.7%) were able to ambulate in the community, 5 (23.8%) were not ambulating, and 2 (9.5%) were therapeutic ambulators. A greater proportion of children in the MCC cohort were ambulating in the community (p = 0.01). There was no difference in community ambulation based on the number of TCRs (p &gt; 0.99), but those with multiple TCRs were more likely to use braces (p = 0.01) and require lower-extremity orthopedic surgery (p = 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients born with an MCC, with or without an associated ACD, attained long-term favorable outcomes in bladder and bowel continence and ambulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.12.peds21371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T03:23:37Z","timestamp":1644549817000},"page":"488-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical management of myelocystocele: a single-center experience with long-term functional outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mandana","family":"Behbahani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Shlobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Dziugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Callas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Yerkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineeta T.","family":"Swaroop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago; and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DeCuypere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandi","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McLone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"36","article-title":"Terminal myelocystocele","volume":"16","author":"McLone DG","year":"1985","unstructured":"McLone DG, Naidich TP. Terminal myelocystocele. Neurosurgery. 1985;16(1):36\u201343.3883218"},{"issue":"4)(suppl","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"344","article-title":"Terminal myelocystoceles: a series of 17 cases","volume":"103","author":"Gupta DK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gupta DK, Mahapatra AK. Terminal myelocystoceles: a series of 17 cases. 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