{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:22:16Z","timestamp":1792855336349,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature shows discrepancies in stereotactic brain biopsy complication rates, severities, and outcomes. Little is known about the timeline of postbiopsy complications. This study aimed to analyze 1) complications following brain biopsies, using a graded severity scale, and 2) a timeline of complication occurrence. The secondary objectives were to determine factors associated with an increased risk of complications and to assess complication-related management and extra costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors retrospectively examined 1500 consecutive stereotactic brain biopsies performed in adult patients at their tertiary medical center between April 2009 and April 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred eighty-one biopsies (25.4%) were followed by a complication, including 88.2% of asymptomatic hemorrhages. Symptomatic complications involved 3.0% of the biopsies, and 0.8% of the biopsies were fatal. The severity grading scale had a 97.6% interobserver reproducibility. Twenty-three (51.1%) of the 45 symptomatic complications occurred within the 1st hour following the biopsy, while 75.6% occurred within the first 6 hours. Age \u2265 65 years, second biopsy procedures, gadolinium-enhanced lesions, glioblastomas, and lymphomas were predictors of biopsy-related complications. Brainstem biopsy-targeted lesions and cerebral toxoplasmosis were predictive of mortality. Asymptomatic hemorrhage was associated with delayed (&gt; 6 hours) symptomatic complications. Symptomatic complications led to extended hospitalization in 86.7% of patients. The average extra cost for management of a patient with postbiopsy symptomatic complication was $35,702.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptomatic complications from brain biopsies are infrequent but associated with substantial adverse effects and cost implications for the healthcare system. The use of a severity grading scale, as the authors propose in this article, helps to classify complications according to the therapeutic consequences and the patient\u2019s outcome. Because this study indicates that most complications occur within the first few hours following the biopsy, postbiopsy monitoring can be tailored accordingly. The authors therefore recommend systematic monitoring for 2 hours in the recovery unit and a CT scan 2 hours after the end of the biopsy procedure. In addition, they propose a modern algorithm for optimal postoperative management of patients undergoing stereotactic biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.3.jns21134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T04:04:43Z","timestamp":1631246683000},"page":"867-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Severity, timeline, and management of complications after stereotactic brain biopsy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Maximilien","family":"Riche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Marijon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Amelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Bielle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"},{"name":"Neuropathology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"},{"name":"Neuropathology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Pineton de","family":"Chambrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 2,"},{"name":"Intensive Care Medicine,"},{"name":"INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Le","family":"Joncour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Idbaih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"},{"name":"Neurology Mazarin,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Touat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"},{"name":"Neurology Mazarin,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hi","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Deme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Pasqualotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Jacquens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Degos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine, and"},{"name":"Clinical Research Group ARPE, Sorbonne University"},{"name":"INSERM UMR 1141, PROTECT, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eimad","family":"Shotar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, APHP, Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Chougar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"},{"name":"Neuroradiology, APHP, Sorbonne University, La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Mathon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1749","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions","volume":"82","author":"Hall WA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hall WA. The safety and efficacy of stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions. Cancer. 1998;82(9):1749\u20131755."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Published online August","article-title":"Encephalitis of unknown etiology? Not until the results of a brain biopsy! Clin Infect Dis","volume":"5,","author":"Mathon B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathon B, Pineton DE, Chambrun M,  Encephalitis of unknown etiology? Not until the results of a brain biopsy! Clin Infect Dis. Published online August 5,2020.doi:10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1093"},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Letter. J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"120","article-title":"Brain biopsy in children and adults with neurological diseases of unknown etiology: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"27","author":"Mathon B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathon B, de Chambrun MP, Le Joncour A, Amelot A. Brain biopsy in children and adults with neurological diseases of unknown etiology: two sides of the same coin?. Letter. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;27(1):120\u2013122."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"261","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of frame-based, frameless, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided brain biopsy techniques","volume":"83","author":"Lu Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu Y, Yeung C, Radmanesh A,  Comparative effectiveness of frame-based, frameless, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided brain biopsy techniques. World Neurosurg. 2015;83(3):261\u2013268."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"105544","article-title":"Increasing the diagnostic yield of stereotactic brain biopsy using intraoperative histological smear","volume":"186","author":"Mathon B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathon B, Amelot A, Mokhtari K, Bielle F. Increasing the diagnostic yield of stereotactic brain biopsy using intraoperative histological smear. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;186:105544."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"607","article-title":"Comparison of frame-based versus frameless intracranial stereotactic biopsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Dhawan S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhawan S, He Y, Bartek J Jr,  Comparison of frame-based versus frameless intracranial stereotactic biopsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:607\u2013616.e4."},{"issue":"10","key":"b7","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2065","article-title":"Frame-based stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated and midline structures in 511 procedures: feasibility, risk profile, and diagnostic yield","volume":"161","author":"Hamisch CA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamisch CA, Minartz J, Blau T,  Frame-based stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated and midline structures in 511 procedures: feasibility, risk profile, and diagnostic yield. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(10):2065\u20132071."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","first-page":"79","article-title":"Complications in 622 cases of frame-based stereotactic biopsy, a decreasing procedure","volume":"35","author":"Kongkham PN","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kongkham PN, Knifed E, Tamber MS, Bernstein M. Complications in 622 cases of frame-based stereotactic biopsy, a decreasing procedure. Can J Neurol Sci. 2008;35(1):79\u201384."},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"897","article-title":"Independent predictors of morbidity after image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy: a risk assessment of 270 cases","volume":"102","author":"McGirt MJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Coon AL,  Independent predictors of morbidity after image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy: a risk assessment of 270 cases. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(5):897\u2013901."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Complications following stereotactic needle biopsy of intracranial tumors","volume":"84","author":"Malone H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malone H, Yang J, Hershman DL,  Complications following stereotactic needle biopsy of intracranial tumors. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(4):1084\u20131089."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"873","article-title":"Diagnostic value and safety of stereotactic biopsy for brainstem tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1480 cases","volume":"72","author":"Kickingereder P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kickingereder P, Willeit P, Simon T, Ruge MI. Diagnostic value and safety of stereotactic biopsy for brainstem tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1480 cases. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(6):873\u2013882."},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Establishing a benchmark for complications using frame-based stereotactic surgery","volume":"86","author":"Lunsford LD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lunsford LD, Niranjan A, Khan AA, Kondziolka D. Establishing a benchmark for complications using frame-based stereotactic surgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2008;86(5):278\u2013287."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"627","article-title":"Haemorrhagic complications and the incidence of asymptomatic bleeding associated with stereotactic brain biopsies","volume":"147","author":"Grossman R","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grossman R, Sadetzki S, Spiegelmann R, Ram Z. Haemorrhagic complications and the incidence of asymptomatic bleeding associated with stereotactic brain biopsies. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(6):627\u2013631."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"31","article-title":"Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"89","author":"Kulkarni AV","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Guha A, Lozano A, Bernstein M. Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy. J Neurosurg. 1998;89(1):31\u201335."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"301","article-title":"Complications after frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Riche M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riche M, Amelot A, Peyre M,  Complications after frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(1):301\u2013307."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"890","article-title":"Evaluation of 126 consecutive stereotactic procedures: brain biopsy, diagnostic yield, accuracy, non-diagnostic results, complications and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Hakan T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hakan T, Aker FV. Evaluation of 126 consecutive stereotactic procedures: brain biopsy, diagnostic yield, accuracy, non-diagnostic results, complications and follow-up. Turk Neurosurg. 2016;26(6):890\u2013899."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy from intra-axial brain lesions: incidence and avoidance","volume":"75","author":"Shakal AAS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shakal AAS, Mokbel EAH. Hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy from intra-axial brain lesions: incidence and avoidance. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2014;75(3):177\u2013182."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","first-page":"148","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of local versus general anesthesia in stereotactic biopsies: a matched-pairs cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Weise LM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weise LM, Bruder M, Eibach S,  Efficacy and safety of local versus general anesthesia in stereotactic biopsies: a matched-pairs cohort study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2013;25(2):148\u2013153."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Eur J Intern Med","first-page":"78","article-title":"Neurological diseases of unknown etiology: brain-biopsy diagnostic yields and safety","volume":"80","author":"Mathon B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathon B, Le Joncour A, Bielle F,  Neurological diseases of unknown etiology: brain-biopsy diagnostic yields and safety. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;80:78\u201385."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"709","article-title":"A new classification of complications in neurosurgery","volume":"75","author":"Landriel Iba\u00f1ez FA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Landriel Iba\u00f1ez FA, Hem S, Ajler P,  A new classification of complications in neurosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2011;75(5-6):709\u2013715.604\u2013611."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"639","article-title":"Complications after surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis","volume":"102","author":"Mathon B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathon B, Navarro V, Bielle F,  Complications after surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. World Neurosurg. 2017;102:639\u2013650.e2."},{"issue":"12","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"2699","article-title":"Safety profile of intracranial electrode implantation for video-EEG recordings in drug-resistant focal epilepsy","volume":"262","author":"Mathon B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathon B, Clemenceau S, Hasboun D,  Safety profile of intracranial electrode implantation for video-EEG recordings in drug-resistant focal epilepsy. J Neurol. 2015;262(12):2699\u20132712."},{"issue":"8","key":"b23","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Risks and benefits of invasive epilepsy surgery workup with implanted subdural and depth electrodes","volume":"53","author":"Wellmer J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wellmer J, von der Groeben F, Klarmann U,  Risks and benefits of invasive epilepsy surgery workup with implanted subdural and depth electrodes. Epilepsia. 2012;53(8):1322\u20131332."},{"issue":"3.4","key":"b24","series-title":"J Med Invest","first-page":"314","article-title":"The risk of hemorrhage in stereotactic biopsy for brain tumors","volume":"66","author":"Mizobuchi Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mizobuchi Y, Nakajima K, Fujihara T,  The risk of hemorrhage in stereotactic biopsy for brain tumors. J Med Invest. 2019;66(3.4):314\u2013318."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"263","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy for multifocal, diffuse, and deep-seated brain tumors using Leksell\u2019s system","volume":"11","author":"Yamada K","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yamada K, Goto S, Kochi M, Ushio Y. Stereotactic biopsy for multifocal, diffuse, and deep-seated brain tumors using Leksell\u2019s system. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11(3):263\u2013267."},{"issue":"10","key":"b26","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e1027","article-title":"Management and outcome of primary CNS lymphoma in the modern era: an LOC network study","volume":"94","author":"Houillier C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Houillier C, Soussain C, Ghesqui\u00e8res H,  Management and outcome of primary CNS lymphoma in the modern era: an LOC network study. Neurology. 2020;94(10):e1027\u2013e1039."},{"issue":"7","key":"b27","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"547","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions: reliability and its impact on the planning of treatment","volume":"145","author":"Kim JE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim JE, Kim DG, Paek SH, Jung HW. Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions: reliability and its impact on the planning of treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2003;145(7):547\u2013555."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"442","article-title":"Benefit and complications of frame-based stereotactic biopsy in old and very old patients","volume":"102","author":"Quick-Weller J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quick-Weller J, Tichy J, Dinc N,  Benefit and complications of frame-based stereotactic biopsy in old and very old patients. World Neurosurg. 2017;102:442\u2013448."},{"issue":"5","key":"b29","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"637","article-title":"Yield and complications of frame-based and frameless stereotactic brain biopsy\u2014the value of intra-operative histological analysis","volume":"28","author":"Livermore LJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livermore LJ, Ma R, Bojanic S, Pereira EAC. Yield and complications of frame-based and frameless stereotactic brain biopsy\u2014the value of intra-operative histological analysis. Br J Neurosurg. 2014;28(5):637\u2013644."},{"issue":"2","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"243","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy of brainstem lesions: 21 years experiences of a single center","volume":"129","author":"Quick-Weller J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quick-Weller J, Lescher S, Bruder M,  Stereotactic biopsy of brainstem lesions: 21 years experiences of a single center. J Neurooncol. 2016;129(2):243\u2013250."},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1973","article-title":"Diagnostic yield and safety of cerebellar and brainstem parenchymal biopsy","volume":"84","author":"Tobin WO","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tobin WO, Meyer FB, Keegan BM. Diagnostic yield and safety of cerebellar and brainstem parenchymal biopsy. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(6):1973\u20131976."},{"issue":"8","key":"b32","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e18572","article-title":"Complications of stereotactic biopsy of lesions in the sellar region, pineal gland, and brainstem: a retrospective, single-center study","volume":"99","author":"Cheng G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng G, Yu X, Zhao H,  Complications of stereotactic biopsy of lesions in the sellar region, pineal gland, and brainstem: a retrospective, single-center study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(8):e18572."},{"issue":"1","key":"b33","series-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr","first-page":"e6","article-title":"A diagnosis can hide another: the value of brain biopsy in neurological lesion of HIV patients","volume":"86","author":"Vitelli M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vitelli M, Malaiz\u00e9 H, Bielle F,  A diagnosis can hide another: the value of brain biopsy in neurological lesion of HIV patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021;86(1):e6\u2013e9."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"300","article-title":"Impact of stereotactic biopsy in HIV patients","volume":"86","author":"Quick-Weller J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quick-Weller J, Kann G, Lescher S,  Impact of stereotactic biopsy in HIV patients. World Neurosurg. 2016;86:300\u2013305."},{"issue":"7","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"722","article-title":"Safety and diagnostic value of brain biopsy in HIV patients: a case series and meta-analysis of 1209 patients","volume":"87","author":"Lee AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee AM, Bai HX, Zou Y,  Safety and diagnostic value of brain biopsy in HIV patients: a case series and meta-analysis of 1209 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(7):722\u2013733."},{"issue":"5","key":"b36","series-title":"Thromb Res","first-page":"495","article-title":"Chronic HIV disease and activation of the coagulation system","volume":"132","author":"Baker JV","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker JV. Chronic HIV disease and activation of the coagulation system. Thromb Res. 2013;132(5):495\u2013499."},{"issue":"3","key":"b37","series-title":"Thromb Res","first-page":"301","article-title":"Endothelial and platelet function alterations in HIV-infected patients","volume":"129","author":"Gresele P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Sebastiano M, Baldelli F. Endothelial and platelet function alterations in HIV-infected patients. Thromb Res. 2012;129(3):301\u2013308."},{"issue":"1","key":"b38","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"357","article-title":"Platelet activation in adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Nkambule BB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nkambule BB, Mxinwa V, Mkandla Z,  Platelet activation in adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):357."},{"issue":"4","key":"b39","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"545","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of hemorrhage risks and outcomes after stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"94","author":"Field M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Field M, Witham TF, Flickinger JC,  Comprehensive assessment of hemorrhage risks and outcomes after stereotactic brain biopsy. J Neurosurg. 2001;94(4):545\u2013551."},{"issue":"4","key":"b40","series-title":"J Clin Neurol","first-page":"659","article-title":"Efficacy of a second brain biopsy for intracranial lesions after initial negativity","volume":"16","author":"Chabaane M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chabaane M, Amelot A, Riche M,  Efficacy of a second brain biopsy for intracranial lesions after initial negativity. J Clin Neurol. 2020;16(4):659\u2013667."},{"issue":"3","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"366","article-title":"Is intraoperative pathology needed if 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced tissue fluorescence is found in stereotactic brain tumor biopsy?","volume":"86","author":"Millesi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Millesi M, Kiesel B, W\u00f6hrer A,  Is intraoperative pathology needed if 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced tissue fluorescence is found in stereotactic brain tumor biopsy?. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(3):366\u2013373."},{"issue":"6","key":"b42","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"5-ALA-induced fluorescence as a marker for diagnostic tissue in stereotactic biopsies of intracranial lymphomas: experience in 41 patients","volume":"44","author":"Kiesel B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiesel B, Millesi M, Woehrer A,  5-ALA-induced fluorescence as a marker for diagnostic tissue in stereotactic biopsies of intracranial lymphomas: experience in 41 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;44(6):E7."},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E513","article-title":"Avoiding new biopsies by identification of IDH1 and TERT promoter mutation in nondiagnostic biopsies from glioma patients","volume":"87","author":"Barritault M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barritault M, Picart T, Poncet D,  Avoiding new biopsies by identification of IDH1 and TERT promoter mutation in nondiagnostic biopsies from glioma patients. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(4):E513\u2013E519."},{"issue":"2","key":"b44","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"233","article-title":"Frameless image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy procedure: diagnostic yield, surgical morbidity, and comparison with the frame-based technique","volume":"104","author":"Woodworth GF","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woodworth GF, McGirt MJ, Samdani A,  Frameless image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy procedure: diagnostic yield, surgical morbidity, and comparison with the frame-based technique. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(2):233\u2013237."},{"issue":"2","key":"b45","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"165","article-title":"Complications of CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of intra-axial brain lesions","volume":"81","author":"Bernstein M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernstein M, Parrent AG. Complications of CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of intra-axial brain lesions. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(2):165\u2013168."},{"issue":"3","key":"b46","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Postoperative management of patients after stereotactic biopsy: results of a survey of the AANS\/CNS section on tumors and a single institution study","volume":"62","author":"Warnick RE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Warnick RE, Longmore LM, Paul CA, Bode LA. Postoperative management of patients after stereotactic biopsy: results of a survey of the AANS\/CNS section on tumors and a single institution study. J Neurooncol. 2003;62(3):289\u2013296."},{"key":"b47","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"218","article-title":"Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages and frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"11","author":"Lara-Almunia M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lara-Almunia M, Hernandez-Vicente J. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages and frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy. Surg Neurol Int. 2020;11:218."},{"issue":"6","key":"b48","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"892","article-title":"Clinical and economic consequences of early discharge of patients following supratentorial stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"94","author":"Kaakaji W","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaakaji W, Barnett GH, Bernhard D,  Clinical and economic consequences of early discharge of patients following supratentorial stereotactic brain biopsy. J Neurosurg. 2001;94(6):892\u2013898."},{"issue":"2","key":"b49","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"358","article-title":"Prospective feasibility study of outpatient stereotactic brain lesion biopsy","volume":"51","author":"Bhardwaj RD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhardwaj RD, Bernstein M. Prospective feasibility study of outpatient stereotactic brain lesion biopsy. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(2):358\u2013364."},{"issue":"1","key":"b50","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"171","article-title":"Patterns of seizure prophylaxis after oncologic neurosurgery","volume":"146","author":"Youngerman BE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Youngerman BE, Joiner EF, Wang X,  Patterns of seizure prophylaxis after oncologic neurosurgery. J Neurooncol. 2020;146(1):171\u2013180."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/136\/3\/article-p867.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/136\/3\/article-p867.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/136\/3\/article-p867.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:33:58Z","timestamp":1792805638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/136\/3\/article-p867.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2021.3.jns21134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}}}