{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:26:22Z","timestamp":1794018382106,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is commonly performed after pial synangiosis surgery for pediatric moyamoya disease to assess the degree of neovascularization. However, angiography is invasive, and the risk of ionizing radiation is a concern in children. In this study, the authors aimed to identify whether arterial spin labeling (ASL) can predict postoperative angiogram grading. In addition, they sought to determine whether patients who underwent ASL imaging without DSA had similar postoperative outcomes when compared with patients who received ASL imaging and postoperative DSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of pediatric patients who underwent pial synangiosis for moyamoya disease at a quaternary children\u2019s hospital were reviewed during a 10-year period. ASL-only and ASL+DSA cohorts were analyzed. The frequency of preoperative and postoperative symptoms was analyzed within each cohort. Three neuroradiologists assigned a visual ASL grade for each patient indicating the change from the preoperative to postoperative ASL perfusion sequences. A postoperative neovascularization grade was also assigned for patients who underwent DSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 21 hemispheres of 14 patients with ASL only and 14 hemispheres of 8 patients with ASL+DSA were analyzed. The groups had similar rates of MRI evidence of acute or chronic stroke preoperatively (61.9% in the ASL-only group and 64.3% in the ASL+DSA group). In the entire cohort, transient ischemic attack (TIA) (p = 0.027), TIA composite (TIA or unexplained neurological symptoms; p = 0.0006), chronic headaches (p = 0.035), aphasia (p = 0.019), and weakness (p = 0.001) all had decreased frequency after intervention. The authors found a positive association between revascularization observed on DSA and the visual ASL grading (p = 0.048). The visual ASL grades in patients with an angiogram indicating robust neovascularization demonstrated improved perfusion when compared with the ASL grades of patients with a poor neovascularization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive ASL perfusion imaging had an association with postoperative DSA neoangiogenesis following pial synangiosis surgery in children. There were no significant postoperative stroke differences between the ASL-only and ASL+DSA cohorts. Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvement in preoperative symptoms after surgery. Further study in larger cohorts is necessary to determine whether the results of this study are validated in order to circumvent the invasive catheter angiogram.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.7.peds21302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T03:34:03Z","timestamp":1633059243000},"page":"40-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Arterial spin labeling as an ancillary assessment to postoperative conventional angiogram in pediatric moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shih-Shan","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"},{"name":"Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"},{"name":"Division of Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ichord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Beslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda I.","family":"Sedora-Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mougnyan","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arastoo","family":"Vossough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Kilbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy W.","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"391","article-title":"Selective and superselective angiography of pediatric moyamoya disease angioarchitecture: the anterior circulation","volume":"20","author":"Baltsavias G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baltsavias G, Valavanis A, Filipce V, Khan N. 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Arterial spin-labeling MRI can identify the presence and intensity of collateral perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. Stroke. 2011;42(9):2485\u20132491."},{"issue":"4","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"273","article-title":"Clinical assessment of cerebral hemodynamics in Moyamoya disease via multiple inversion time arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study","volume":"44","author":"Qiao PG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiao PG, Han C, Zuo ZW, Wang YT, Pfeuffer J, Duan L,  Clinical assessment of cerebral hemodynamics in Moyamoya disease via multiple inversion time arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study. 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J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;23(5):586\u2013592."},{"key":"b32","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1128","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion territory changes after direct revascularization surgery in moyamoya disease: a territory arterial spin labeling study","volume":"122","author":"Yuan J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan J, Qu J, Zhang D, Liu X, Li J, Wu C, Gao P. Cerebral perfusion territory changes after direct revascularization surgery in moyamoya disease: a territory arterial spin labeling study. 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