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High dimensionality of the information related to the surgical cavity topography was reduced to a small set of predictors in four different ways: 1) overlap between surgical cavity and each of the 122 cortical parcels composing Yeo\u2019s 17-network parcellation of the brain; 2) Tractotron: disconnection by the cavity of the major white matter bundles; 3) overlap between the surgical cavity and each of Yeo\u2019s networks; and 4) disconets: signature of structural disconnection by the cavity of each of Yeo\u2019s networks. A random forest algorithm was implemented to predict the postoperative change in the TMT B-A z-score.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The last two network-based approaches yielded significant accuracies in left-out subjects (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] approximately equal to 0.8, p approximately equal to 0.001) and outperformed the two alternatives. In single tree hierarchical models, the degree of damage to Yeo corticocortical network 12 (CC 12) was a critical node: patients with damage to CC 12 higher than 7.5% (cortical overlap) or 7.2% (disconets) had much higher risk to deteriorate, establishing for the first time a causal link between damage to this network and impaired set-shifting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors\u2019 results give strong support to the idea that network-level approaches are a powerful way to address the lesion-symptom mapping problem, enabling machine learning\u2013powered individual outcome predictions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.1.jns212257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T08:06:40Z","timestamp":1646381200000},"page":"1329-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Network-level prediction of set-shifting deterioration after lower-grade glioma resection"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Sofiane","family":"Mrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, AP-HP, Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Descoteaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;"},{"name":"Imeka Solutions, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Wager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, DACTIM-LMA, CNRS 7348, Poitiers, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Bor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imeka Solutions, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Rheault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imeka Solutions, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Thirion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, CEA, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Mandonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, AP-HP, Paris, France;"},{"name":"Frontlab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Paris, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuropsychologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.031","article-title":"Neural signatures of Trail Making Test performance: Evidence from lesion-mapping and neuroimaging studies","volume":"115","author":"Varjacic A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Varjacic A, Mantini D, Demeyere N, Gillebert CR. 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