{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:42:46Z","timestamp":1776465766661,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Length of stay (LOS) is a contributor to costs and resource utilization. The primary goal of this study was to identify patient, clinical, surgical, and institutional variables that influence LOS after elective surgery for thoracolumbar degenerative pathology. The secondary objective was to examine variability in LOS and institutional strategies used to decrease LOS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from a multicentric cohort enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN) between January 2015 and October 2020 who underwent elective thoracolumbar surgery (discectomy [1 or 2 levels], laminectomy [1 or 2 levels], and posterior instrumented fusion [up to 5 levels]). Prolonged LOS was defined as LOS greater than the median. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with prolonged LOS for each procedure. A survey was sent to the principal investigators of the participating healthcare institutions to understand institutional practices that are used to decrease LOS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 3700 patients were included (967 discectomies, 1094 laminectomies, and 1639 fusions). The median LOSs for discectomy, laminectomy, and fusion were 0.0 (IQR 1.0), 1.0 (IQR 2.0), and 4.0 (IQR 2.0) days, respectively. On multivariable analysis, predictors of prolonged LOS for discectomy were having more leg pain, higher Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, symptom duration more than 2 years, having undergone an open procedure, occurrence of an adverse event (AE), and treatment at an institution without protocols to reduce LOS (p &lt; 0.05). Predictors of prolonged LOS for laminectomy were increased age, living alone, higher ODI scores, higher BMI, open procedures, longer operative time, AEs, and treatment at an institution without protocols to reduce LOS (p &lt; 0.05). For posterior instrumented fusion, predictors of prolonged LOS were older age, living alone, more comorbidities, higher ODI scores, longer operative time, AEs, and treatment at an institution without protocols to reduce LOS (p &lt; 0.05). The laminectomy group had the largest variability in LOS (SD 4.4 days, range 0\u2013133 days). Three hundred fifty-four patients (22%) had an LOS above the 75th percentile. Ten institutions (53%) had either Enhanced Recovery After Surgery or standardized protocols in place.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the factors identified in this study, worse baseline ODI scores, experiencing AEs, and treatment at an institution without protocols aimed at reducing LOS were predictive of prolonged LOS in all surgical groups. The laminectomy group had the largest variability in LOS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.11.spine22662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T18:02:26Z","timestamp":1674496946000},"page":"446-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Patient, clinical, surgical, and institutional factors associated with length of stay in scheduled degenerative thoracolumbar spine surgery: National Multicenter Cohort Analysis from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dandurand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Mashayekhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Canadian Spine Society, Markdale, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles G.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Paquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec, H\u00f4pital Enfant-J\u00e9sus, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamilton","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daryl R.","family":"Fourney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Western University, London, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Soroceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis E.","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Science Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Nataraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Santaguida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Guy","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, St. John\u2019s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, New Brunswick;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. Raja","family":"Rampersaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00eble","family":"Charest-Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"874","article-title":"Healthcare utilization and costs for spinal conditions in Ontario, Canada\u2014opportunities for funding high-value care: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Rampersaud YR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rampersaud YR, Power JD, Perruccio AV,  Healthcare utilization and costs for spinal conditions in Ontario, Canada\u2014opportunities for funding high-value care: a retrospective cohort study. Spine J. 2020;20(6):874\u2013881."},{"issue":"18","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Prolonged length of stay and risk of unplanned 30-day readmission after elective spine surgery: propensity score-matched analysis of 33,840 patients","volume":"45","author":"Kim RB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim RB, Wilkerson C, Karsy M,  Prolonged length of stay and risk of unplanned 30-day readmission after elective spine surgery: propensity score-matched analysis of 33,840 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(18):1260\u20131268."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"382","article-title":"Predictors of extended length of stay, discharge to inpatient rehab, and hospital readmission following elective lumbar spine surgery: introduction of the Carolina-Semmes Grading Scale","volume":"27","author":"McGirt MJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Parker SL, Chotai S,  Predictors of extended length of stay, discharge to inpatient rehab, and hospital readmission following elective lumbar spine surgery: introduction of the Carolina-Semmes Grading Scale. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;27(4):382\u2013390.28498068"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Trends of postoperative length of stay in spine surgery over 10 years in Japan based on a prospective multicenter database","volume":"177","author":"Kobayashi K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Ando K, Kato F,  Trends of postoperative length of stay in spine surgery over 10 years in Japan based on a prospective multicenter database. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;177:97\u2013100.30640049"},{"issue":"10137","key":"b5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2384","article-title":"Low back pain: a call for action","volume":"391","author":"Buchbinder R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, \u00d6berg B,  Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2384\u20132388."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"466","article-title":"Predictors of prolonged length of stay after lumbar interbody fusion: a multicenter study","volume":"9","author":"Kobayashi K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Ando K, Kato F,  Predictors of prolonged length of stay after lumbar interbody fusion: a multicenter study. Global Spine J. 2019;9(5):466\u2013472.31431867"},{"issue":"25","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2232","article-title":"Standardizing care for high-risk patients in spine surgery: the Northwestern high-risk spine protocol","volume":"35","author":"Halpin RJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halpin RJ, Sugrue PA, Gould RW,  Standardizing care for high-risk patients in spine surgery: the Northwestern high-risk spine protocol. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(25):2232\u20132238.21102298"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E30","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Fisher CG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fisher CG, Vaccaro AR, Whang PG,  Evidence-based recommendations for spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(1):E30\u2013E37.23038617"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"219","article-title":"Treatment algorithms and protocol practice in high-risk spine surgery","volume":"24","author":"Sugrue PA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sugrue PA, Halpin RJ, Koski TR. Treatment algorithms and protocol practice in high-risk spine surgery. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2013;24(2):219\u2013230.23561561"},{"key":"b10","article-title":"Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Home page","unstructured":"Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Home page. Accessed November 21, 2022.https:\/\/www.csorncss.ca\/"},{"issue":"11","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain","volume":"30","author":"Childs JD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(11):1331\u20131334.15928561"},{"issue":"8","key":"b12","series-title":"Physiotherapy","first-page":"271","article-title":"The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire","volume":"66","author":"Fairbank JC","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fairbank JC, Couper J, Davies JB, O\u2019Brien JP. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Physiotherapy. 1980;66(8):271\u2013273.6450426"},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"220","article-title":"A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware J Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SDA. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220\u2013233.8628042"},{"issue":"9","key":"b14","series-title":"J Gen Intern Med","first-page":"606","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606\u2013613.11556941"},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"256","article-title":"Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2): inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment","volume":"25","author":"Rampersaud YR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rampersaud YR, Anderson PA, Dimar JR II, Fisher CG. Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2): inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(2):256\u2013263.27058499"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"g7594","article-title":"Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement","volume":"350","author":"Collins GS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KGM. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BMJ. 2015;350:g7594."},{"key":"b17","article-title":"Collett J. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research","author":"Collette D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Collette D.  Collett J. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis;2003."},{"key":"b18","article-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer DW Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied Logistic Regression. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons;2013."},{"issue":"9","key":"b19","series-title":"J Thorac Oncol","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment","volume":"5","author":"Mandrekar JN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mandrekar JN. Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5(9):1315\u20131316.20736804"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Am J Med Qual","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effect of illness severity and comorbidity on patient safety and adverse events","volume":"27","author":"Naessens JM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naessens JM, Campbell CR, Shah N,  Effect of illness severity and comorbidity on patient safety and adverse events. Am J Med Qual. 2012;27(1):48\u201357.22031176"},{"issue":"10","key":"b21","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"833","article-title":"Patient characteristics associated with increased postoperative length of stay and readmission after elective laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"39","author":"Basques BA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basques BA, Varthi AG, Golinvaux NS, Bohl DD, Grauer JN. Patient characteristics associated with increased postoperative length of stay and readmission after elective laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(10):833\u2013840.24525996"},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E55","article-title":"Patient factors contributing to prolonged postoperative length of stay and increased rate of readmission after elective posterior cervical fusion","volume":"31","author":"Shin JIB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin JIB, Kim JS, Steinberger J, DiCapua J, Cho SK. Patient factors contributing to prolonged postoperative length of stay and increased rate of readmission after elective posterior cervical fusion. Clin Spine Surg. 2018;31(1):E55\u2013E61.28234774"},{"issue":"8","key":"b23","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"818","article-title":"Factors predicting hospital stay, operative time, blood loss, and transfusion in patients undergoing revision posterior lumbar spine decompression, fusion, and segmental instrumentation","volume":"27","author":"Zheng F","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zheng F, Cammisa FPJ Jr, Sandhu HS, Girardi FP, Khan SN. Factors predicting hospital stay, operative time, blood loss, and transfusion in patients undergoing revision posterior lumbar spine decompression, fusion, and segmental instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(8):818\u2013824.11935103"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"44","article-title":"An economic evaluation of perioperative adverse events associated with spinal surgery","volume":"13","author":"Hellsten EK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hellsten EK, Hanbidge MA, Manos AN,  An economic evaluation of perioperative adverse events associated with spinal surgery. Spine J. 2013;13(1):44\u201353.23384882"},{"issue":"2","key":"b25","series-title":"J Allied Health","first-page":"88","article-title":"Predicting discharge placement and health care needs after lumbar spine laminectomy","volume":"43","author":"Kanaan SF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanaan SF, Yeh HW, Waitman RL, Burton DC, Arnold PM, Sharma NK. Predicting discharge placement and health care needs after lumbar spine laminectomy. J Allied Health. 2014;43(2):88\u201397.24925036"},{"issue":"6","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"772","article-title":"How do high preoperative pain scores impact the clinical course and outcomes for patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy?","volume":"33","author":"Virk S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virk S, Vaishnav AS, Mok JK,  How do high preoperative pain scores impact the clinical course and outcomes for patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy? J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;33(6):772\u2013778."},{"issue":"2","key":"b27","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E93","article-title":"Increased preoperative narcotic use and its association with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing spine surgery","volume":"29","author":"Armaghani SJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armaghani SJ, Lee DS, Bible JE,  Increased preoperative narcotic use and its association with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing spine surgery. Clin Spine Surg. 2016;29(2):E93\u2013E98.26889998"},{"issue":"8","key":"b28","series-title":"JAMA Surg","first-page":"726","article-title":"Association of preoperative narcotic use with postoperative complications and prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with crohn disease","volume":"151","author":"Li Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Stocchi L, Cherla D, Liu X, Remzi FH. Association of preoperative narcotic use with postoperative complications and prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with crohn disease. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(8):726\u2013734.26913479"},{"issue":"7","key":"b29","series-title":"HPB (Oxford)","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Preoperative opioid use is associated with increased length of stay after pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"22","author":"Buckarma E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buckarma E, Thiels CA, Habermann EB,  Preoperative opioid use is associated with increased length of stay after pancreaticoduodenectomy. HPB (Oxford). 2020;22(7):1074\u20131081.31839391"},{"issue":"9","key":"b30","series-title":"Dis Colon Rectum","first-page":"1310","article-title":"The effect of chronic preoperative opioid use on surgical site infections, length of stay, and readmissions","volume":"63","author":"Ogilvie JW Jr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogilvie JW Jr, Wilkes AW, Hobbs DJ, Smith JR, Dull MB, Luchtefeld MA. The effect of chronic preoperative opioid use on surgical site infections, length of stay, and readmissions. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(9):1310\u20131316.33216500"},{"issue":"12","key":"b31","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"2539","article-title":"Preoperative long-acting opioid use is associated with increased length of stay and readmission rates after elective surgeries","volume":"20","author":"Doan LV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doan LV, Wang J, Padjen K,  Preoperative long-acting opioid use is associated with increased length of stay and readmission rates after elective surgeries. Pain Med. 2019;20(12):2539\u20132551.30802910"},{"issue":"12","key":"b32","series-title":"Fed Pract","first-page":"32","article-title":"Lumbar microlaminectomy vs traditional laminectomy","volume":"34","author":"Lundberg J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lundberg J, Langevin JP. Lumbar microlaminectomy vs traditional laminectomy. Fed Pract. 2017;34(12):32\u201335.30766247"},{"issue":"2","key":"b33","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E91","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus open laminectomy for lumbar stenosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Phan K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phan K, Mobbs RJ. Minimally invasive versus open laminectomy for lumbar stenosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(2):E91\u2013E100.26555839"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Global Spine J","article-title":"Minimally invasive tubular lumbar discectomy versus conventional open lumbar discectomy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","author":"Evaniew N","unstructured":"Evaniew N, Bogle A, Soroceanu A,  Minimally invasive tubular lumbar discectomy versus conventional open lumbar discectomy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Global Spine J. Published online July 9, 2021. doi:10.1177\/21925682211029863"},{"issue":"6","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"694","article-title":"An analysis of the differences in the acute hospitalization charges following minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"12","author":"Wang MY","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang MY, Cummock MD, Yu Y, Trivedi RA. An analysis of the differences in the acute hospitalization charges following minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;12(6):694\u2013699.20515357"},{"issue":"6","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"670","article-title":"Geriatric comanagement reduces perioperative complications and shortens duration of hospital stay after lumbar spine surgery: a prospective single-institution experience","volume":"27","author":"Adogwa O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adogwa O, Elsamadicy AA, Vuong VD,  Geriatric comanagement reduces perioperative complications and shortens duration of hospital stay after lumbar spine surgery: a prospective single-institution experience. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;27(6):670\u2013675.28960161"},{"issue":"4","key":"b37","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Elsarrag M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsarrag M, Soldozy S, Patel P,  Enhanced recovery after spine surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus. 2019;46(4):E3.30933920"},{"issue":"4","key":"b38","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"623","article-title":"Enhanced Recovery After Surgery trends in adult spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Tong Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tong Y, Fernandez L, Bendo JA, Spivak JM. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery trends in adult spine surgery: a systematic review. Int J Spine Surg. 2020;14(4):623\u2013640.32986587"},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"BMC Anesthesiol","first-page":"74","article-title":"Pathway for enhanced recovery after spinal surgery\u2014a systematic review of evidence for use of individual components","volume":"21","author":"Licina A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Licina A, Silvers A, Laughlin H, Russell J, Wan C. Pathway for enhanced recovery after spinal surgery\u2014a systematic review of evidence for use of individual components. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):74.33691620"},{"issue":"13","key":"b40","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"959","article-title":"Enhanced perioperative care for major spine surgery","volume":"44","author":"Dagal A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dagal A, Bellabarba C, Bransford R,  Enhanced perioperative care for major spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019;44(13):959\u2013966.31205177"},{"issue":"4","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Enhanced perioperative care and decreased cost and length of stay after elective major spinal surgery","volume":"46","author":"Carr DA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carr DA, Saigal R, Zhang F, Bransford RJ, Bellabarba C, Dagal A. Enhanced perioperative care and decreased cost and length of stay after elective major spinal surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2019;46(4):E5.30933922"},{"issue":"5","key":"b42","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"729","article-title":"Consensus statement for perioperative care in lumbar spinal fusion: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Debono B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debono B, Wainwright TW, Wang MY,  Consensus statement for perioperative care in lumbar spinal fusion: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society recommendations. Spine J. 2021;21(5):729\u2013752.33444664"},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"SAS J","first-page":"120","article-title":"Effects of preoperative education on spinal surgery patients","volume":"5","author":"Papanastassiou I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Papanastassiou I, Anderson R, Barber N, Conover C, Castellvi AE. Effects of preoperative education on spinal surgery patients. SAS J. 2011;5(4):120\u2013124.25802678"},{"issue":"2","key":"b44","series-title":"Patient Educ Couns","first-page":"129","article-title":"Effects of psychoeducational care for adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis of 191 studies","volume":"19","author":"Devine EC","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devine EC. Effects of psychoeducational care for adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis of 191 studies. Patient Educ Couns. 1992;19(2):129\u2013142.1299818"},{"issue":"7","key":"b45","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"285","article-title":"Does hospital volume affect outcomes in spine surgeries? A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Adkins ZB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adkins ZB, Malik AT, Jain N, Yu E, Kim J, Khan SN. Does hospital volume affect outcomes in spine surgeries? A systematic review. Clin Spine Surg. 2019;32(7):285\u2013294.30839422"},{"issue":"3","key":"b46","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"530","article-title":"The impact of surgeon volume on patient outcome in spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Malik AT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malik AT, Panni UY, Mirza MU, Tetlay M, Noordin S. The impact of surgeon volume on patient outcome in spine surgery: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(3):530\u2013542.29344731"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:12:15Z","timestamp":1733490735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2022.11.spine22662","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}}}