{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:02:52Z","timestamp":1791284572662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been recognized as a popular option for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy caused by disc problems that require surgery. There have been prospective randomized controlled trials comparing CDA to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for 1- and 2-level disc herniations. However, the indications for CDA have been extended beyond the strict criteria of these clinical trials after widespread real-world experiences in the past decade. This article provides a bibliometric analysis with a review of the literature to understand the current trends of clinical practice and research on CDA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The PubMed database was searched using the keywords pertaining to CDA in human studies that were published before August 2022. Analyses of the bibliometrics, including the types of papers, levels of evidence, countries, and the number of disc levels involved were conducted. Moreover, a systematic review of the contents with the emphasis on the current practice of multilevel CDA and complex cervical disc problems was performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 957 articles published during the span of 22 years were analyzed. Nearly one-quarter of the articles (232, 24.2%) were categorized as level I evidence, and 33.0% were categorized as levels I or II. These studies clearly demonstrated the viability and effectiveness of CDA regarding clinical and radiological outcomes, including neurological improvement, maintenance, and preservation of segmental mobility with relatively low risks for several years postoperation. Also, there have been more papers published during the last decade focusing on multilevel CDA and fewer involving the comparison of ACDF. Overall, there was a clustering of CDA papers published from the US and East Asian countries. Based on substantial clinical data of CDA for 1- and 2-level disc diseases, the practice and research of CDA show a trend toward multilevel and complex disease conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CDA is an established surgical management procedure for 1- and 2-level cervical disc herniation and spondylosis. The success of motion preservation by CDA\u2014with low rates of complications\u2014has outscored ACDF in patients without deformity. For more than 2-level disc diseases, the surgery shows a trend toward multiple CDA or hybrid ACDF\u2013CDA according to individual evaluation for each level of degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.11.spine22880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T08:32:34Z","timestamp":1671179554000},"page":"372-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multilevel cervical disc arthroplasty: a review of optimal surgical management and future directions"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tsung-Hsi","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; and"},{"name":"Big Data Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jau-Ching","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"577","article-title":"Is cervical disc arthroplasty good for congenital cervical stenosis?","volume":"26","author":"Chang PY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang PY, Chang HK, Wu JC,  Is cervical disc arthroplasty good for congenital cervical stenosis? J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;26(5):577\u2013585.28291414"},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Can segmental mobility be increased by cervical arthroplasty?","volume":"42","author":"Chang HK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang HK, Chang CC, Tu TH,  Can segmental mobility be increased by cervical arthroplasty? Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(2):E3.28142280"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"752","article-title":"Differences between C3\u20134 and other subaxial levels of cervical disc arthroplasty: more heterotopic ossification at the 5-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Chang PY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang PY, Chang HK, Wu JC,  Differences between C3\u20134 and other subaxial levels of cervical disc arthroplasty: more heterotopic ossification at the 5-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(5):752\u2013759.26824584"},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"216","article-title":"Analysis of the three United States Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption cervical arthroplasty trials","volume":"16","author":"Upadhyaya CD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Upadhyaya CD, Wu JC, Trost G,  Analysis of the three United States Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption cervical arthroplasty trials. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16(3):216\u2013228.22195608"},{"issue":"S1","key":"b5","series-title":"Evid Based Spine Care J","first-page":"59","article-title":"Cervical artificial disc replacement versus fusion in the cervical spine: a systematic review comparing long-term follow-up results from two FDA trials","volume":"3","author":"Mummaneni PV","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mummaneni PV, Amin BY, Wu JC, Brodt ED, Dettori JR, Sasso RC. Cervical artificial disc replacement versus fusion in the cervical spine: a systematic review comparing long-term follow-up results from two FDA trials. Evid Based Spine Care J. 2012;3(S1):59\u201366.23236315"},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"558","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty with PRESTIGE LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective, multicenter investigational device exemption study","volume":"23","author":"Gornet MF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Burkus JK, Shaffrey ME, Argires PJ, Nian H, Harrell FE Jr. Cervical disc arthroplasty with PRESTIGE LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective, multicenter investigational device exemption study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;23(5):558\u2013573.26230424"},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"516","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic analysis of an artificial cervical disc: 7-year follow-up from the Prestige prospective randomized controlled clinical trial: clinical article","volume":"21","author":"Burkus JK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burkus JK, Traynelis VC, Haid RW Jr, Mummaneni PV. Clinical and radiographic analysis of an artificial cervical disc: 7-year follow-up from the Prestige prospective randomized controlled clinical trial: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014;21(4):516\u2013528.25036218"},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"532","article-title":"Cervical total disc replacement with the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial: clinical article","volume":"19","author":"Davis RJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis RJ, Kim KD, Hisey MS,  Cervical total disc replacement with the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;19(5):532\u2013545.24010901"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of cervical arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with long-term follow-up: results in 74 patients from a single site","volume":"18","author":"Coric D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coric D, Kim PK, Clemente JD, Boltes MO, Nussbaum M, James S. Prospective randomized study of cervical arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with long-term follow-up: results in 74 patients from a single site. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;18(1):36\u201342.23140129"},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"348","article-title":"Prospective, randomized, multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty: 269 patients from the Kineflex|C artificial disc investigational device exemption study with a minimum 2-year follow-up: clinical article","volume":"15","author":"Coric D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coric D, Nunley PD, Guyer RD,  Prospective, randomized, multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty: 269 patients from the Kineflex|C artificial disc investigational device exemption study with a minimum 2-year follow-up: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(4):348\u2013358."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"275","article-title":"Results of the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-C total disc replacement versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of 1-level symptomatic cervical disc disease","volume":"9","author":"Murrey D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murrey D, Janssen M, Delamarter R,  Results of the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-C total disc replacement versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of 1-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. Spine J. 2009;9(4):275\u2013286.18774751"},{"issue":"2","key":"b12","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"101","article-title":"Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Heller JG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heller JG, Sasso RC, Papadopoulos SM,  Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2009;34(2):101\u2013107.19112337"},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"252","article-title":"Prospective, randomized multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 5-year results with a metal-on-metal artificial disc","volume":"28","author":"Coric D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coric D, Guyer RD, Nunley PD,  Prospective, randomized multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 5-year results with a metal-on-metal artificial disc. J Neurosurg Spine. 2018;28(3):252\u2013261.29303467"},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"347","article-title":"Symptomatic adjacent level disease requiring surgery: analysis of 10-year results from a prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing cervical disc arthroplasty to anterior cervical fusion","volume":"84","author":"Ghobrial GM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghobrial GM, Lavelle WF, Florman JE, Riew KD, Levi AD. Symptomatic adjacent level disease requiring surgery: analysis of 10-year results from a prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing cervical disc arthroplasty to anterior cervical fusion. Neurosurgery. 2019;84(2):347\u2013354.29635520"},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"508","article-title":"Two-level cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 10-year outcomes of a prospective, randomized investigational device exemption clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Gornet MF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Lanman TH, Burkus JK,  Two-level cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 10-year outcomes of a prospective, randomized investigational device exemption clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;31(4):508\u2013518."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"653","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty with the Prestige LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, at 2 levels: results of a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial at 24 months","volume":"26","author":"Gornet MF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Lanman TH, Burkus JK,  Cervical disc arthroplasty with the Prestige LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, at 2 levels: results of a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial at 24 months. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;26(6):653\u2013667.28304237"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"209","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Sasso WR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sasso WR, Smucker JD, Sasso MP, Sasso RC. Long-term clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(4):209\u2013216.28207654"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"186","article-title":"Segmental motion of cervical arthroplasty leads to decreased adjacent-level degeneration: analysis of the 7-year postoperative results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Spivak JM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spivak JM, Zigler JE, Philipp T, Janssen M, Darden B, Radcliff K. Segmental motion of cervical arthroplasty leads to decreased adjacent-level degeneration: analysis of the 7-year postoperative results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Int J Spine Surg. 2022;16(1):186\u2013193.35177528"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e537","article-title":"The incidence of adjacent segment pathology after cervical disc arthroplasty compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"160","author":"Toci GR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toci GR, Canseco JA, Patel PD,  The incidence of adjacent segment pathology after cervical disc arthroplasty compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. World Neurosurg. 2022;160:e537\u2013e548.35085804"},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurospine","first-page":"296","article-title":"The option of motion preservation in cervical spondylosis: cervical disc arthroplasty update","volume":"15","author":"Chang CC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang CC, Huang WC, Wu JC, Mummaneni PV. The option of motion preservation in cervical spondylosis: cervical disc arthroplasty update. Neurospine. 2018;15(4):296\u2013305.30545210"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"48","article-title":"Risk factors of second surgery for adjacent segment disease following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a 16-year cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Wu JC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu JC, Chang HK, Huang WC, Chen YC. Risk factors of second surgery for adjacent segment disease following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a 16-year cohort study. Int J Surg. 2019;68:48\u201355.31212028"},{"issue":"5","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"764","article-title":"Comparison of fusion versus nonunion after 4-level and 5-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with anterior plate fixation","volume":"91","author":"Bakare AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bakare AA, Smitherman AD, Fontes RBV, O\u2019Toole JE, Deutsch H, Traynelis VC. Comparison of fusion versus nonunion after 4-level and 5-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with anterior plate fixation. Neurosurgery. 2022;91(5):764\u2013774.35951736"},{"issue":"3","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"231","article-title":"Serious dysphagia following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: long-term incidence in a national cohort","volume":"64","author":"Chung WF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung WF, Liu SW, Huang LC,  Serious dysphagia following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: long-term incidence in a national cohort. J Neurosurg Sci. 2020;64(3):231\u2013237."},{"key":"b24","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"228","article-title":"Cervical arthroplasty for traumatic disc herniation: an age- and sex-matched comparison with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"16","author":"Chang HK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang HK, Huang WC, Wu JC,  Cervical arthroplasty for traumatic disc herniation: an age- and sex-matched comparison with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:228.26316216"},{"issue":"2","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effects of smoking on cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Tu TH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu TH, Kuo CH, Huang WC, Fay LY, Cheng H, Wu JC. Effects of smoking on cervical disc arthroplasty. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;30(2):168\u2013174.31066538"},{"issue":"3","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"310","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty for less-mobile discs","volume":"31","author":"Tu TH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu TH, Lee CY, Kuo CH,  Cervical disc arthroplasty for less-mobile discs. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;31(3):310\u2013316.31075765"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"115","article-title":"Radiological and clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty for the elderly: a comparison with young patients","volume":"20","author":"Wu JC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu JC, Chang HK, Huang WC,  Radiological and clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty for the elderly: a comparison with young patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):115.30885198"},{"issue":"5","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE21320","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty at C2\u20133: illustrative case","volume":"2","author":"Ku J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ku J, Ku J, Chang HK, Wu JC. Cervical disc arthroplasty at C2\u20133: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2021;2(5):CASE21320.36131581"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"106934","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty for Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"209","author":"Lee CY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee CY, Wu CL, Chang HK,  Cervical disc arthroplasty for Klippel-Feil syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;209:106934.34543827"},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"627","article-title":"Differences between arthroplasty and anterior cervical fusion in two-level cervical degenerative disc disease","volume":"23","author":"Fay LY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fay LY, Huang WC, Tsai TY,  Differences between arthroplasty and anterior cervical fusion in two-level cervical degenerative disc disease. Eur Spine J. 2014;23(3):627\u2013634.24318106"},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"594","article-title":"Differences between 1- and 2-level cervical arthroplasty: more heterotopic ossification in 2-level disc replacement: clinical article","volume":"16","author":"Wu JC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu JC, Huang WC, Tsai HW,  Differences between 1- and 2-level cervical arthroplasty: more heterotopic ossification in 2-level disc replacement: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16(6):594\u2013600.22443547"},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"198","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Mummaneni PV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007;6(3):198\u2013209.17355018"},{"issue":"4 suppl 2","key":"b33","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"310","article-title":"Cervical arthroplasty with the PRESTIGE LP cervical disc","volume":"60","author":"Mummaneni PV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mummaneni PV, Robinson JC, Haid RW Jr. Cervical arthroplasty with the PRESTIGE LP cervical disc. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(4 suppl 2):310\u2013315.17415168"},{"issue":"6","key":"b34","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty: current evidence and real-world application","volume":"83","author":"Nunley PD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nunley PD, Coric D, Frank KA, Stone MB. Cervical disc arthroplasty: current evidence and real-world application. Neurosurgery. 2018;83(6):1087\u20131106.29325074"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e310","article-title":"Anterior bone loss in cervical disc arthroplasty correlates with increased cervical lordosis","volume":"163","author":"Kuo CH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuo CH, Kuo YH, Wu JC,  Anterior bone loss in cervical disc arthroplasty correlates with increased cervical lordosis. World Neurosurg. 2022;163:e310\u2013e316.35390496"},{"issue":"9","key":"b36","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Level of evidence of clinical spinal research and its correlation with journal impact factor","volume":"13","author":"Amiri AR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amiri AR, Kanesalingam K, Cro S, Casey AT. Level of evidence of clinical spinal research and its correlation with journal impact factor. Spine J. 2013;13(9):1148\u20131153.23806347"},{"issue":"2","key":"b37","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"141","article-title":"Trends and characteristics of spine research from 2006 to 2015: a review of spine articles in a high impact general orthopedic journal","volume":"45","author":"Hollenberg AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hollenberg AM, Bernstein DN, Baldwin AL, Beltejar MJ, Rubery PT, Mesfin A. Trends and characteristics of spine research from 2006 to 2015: a review of spine articles in a high impact general orthopedic journal. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(2):141\u2013147."},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"163","article-title":"Differences between soft-disc herniation and spondylosis in cervical arthroplasty: CT-documented heterotopic ossification with minimum 2 years of follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Wu JC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu JC, Huang WC, Tu TH,  Differences between soft-disc herniation and spondylosis in cervical arthroplasty: CT-documented heterotopic ossification with minimum 2 years of follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16(2):163\u2013171.22136390"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1105","article-title":"Complications after 3- and 4-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion","volume":"130","author":"Kim S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim S, Alan N, Sansosti A, Agarwal N, Wecht DA. Complications after 3- and 4-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. World Neurosurg. 2019;130:e1105\u2013e1110.31323419"},{"issue":"2","key":"b40","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"174","article-title":"Radiological and clinical outcomes of 3-level cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"32","author":"Chang HK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang HK, Huang WC, Tu TH,  Radiological and clinical outcomes of 3-level cervical disc arthroplasty. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;32(2):174\u2013181.31675702"},{"issue":"12","key":"b41","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Superiority of multilevel cervical arthroplasty outcomes versus single-level outcomes: 229 consecutive PCM prostheses","volume":"32","author":"Pimenta L","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pimenta L, McAfee PC, Cappuccino A, Cunningham BW, Diaz R, Coutinho E. Superiority of multilevel cervical arthroplasty outcomes versus single-level outcomes: 229 consecutive PCM prostheses. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(12):1337\u20131344.17515823"},{"issue":"2","key":"b42","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Multilevel cervical arthroplasty: current evidence. A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Joaquim AF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joaquim AF, Riew KD. Multilevel cervical arthroplasty: current evidence. A systematic review. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(2):E4.28142256"},{"issue":"s2","key":"b43","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Multilevel cervical disc arthroplasty: long-term outcomes at 3 and 4 levels","volume":"14","author":"Gornet MF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Schranck FW, Sorensen KM, Copay AG. Multilevel cervical disc arthroplasty: long-term outcomes at 3 and 4 levels. Int J Spine Surg. 2020;14(s2):S41\u2013S49.32994305"},{"issue":"6","key":"b44","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Predicting the minimum clinically important difference in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"40","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Wilson JR, Kotter MR,  Predicting the minimum clinically important difference in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;40(6):E14.27246484"},{"issue":"3","key":"b45","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"299","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: bibliometric analysis and surgical perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Chen YC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen YC, Kuo CH, Cheng CM, Wu JC. Recent advances in the management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: bibliometric analysis and surgical perspectives. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;31(3):299\u2013309.31473666"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"489","article-title":"Should cervical disc arthroplasty be done on patients with increased intramedullary signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging?","volume":"89","author":"Chang HK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang HK, Huang WC, Wu JC,  Should cervical disc arthroplasty be done on patients with increased intramedullary signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging? World Neurosurg. 2016;89:489\u2013496.26893039"},{"issue":"3","key":"b47","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"400","article-title":"Arthroplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: similar results to patients with only radiculopathy at 3 years\u2019 follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Fay LY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fay LY, Huang WC, Wu JC,  Arthroplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: similar results to patients with only radiculopathy at 3 years\u2019 follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014;21(3):400\u2013410.24926929"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e363","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after 4- and 5-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of symptomatic multilevel cervical spondylosis","volume":"163","author":"Bakare AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bakare AA, Smitherman AD, Fontes RBV, O\u2019Toole JE, Deutsch H, Traynelis VC. Clinical outcomes after 4- and 5-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of symptomatic multilevel cervical spondylosis. World Neurosurg. 2022;163:e363\u2013e376.35367642"},{"issue":"6","key":"b49","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"849","article-title":"Perioperative and swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing 4- and 5-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"34","author":"Farber SH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farber SH, Mauler DJ, Sagar S,  Perioperative and swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing 4- and 5-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(6):849\u2013856."},{"issue":"1","key":"b50","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"45","article-title":"A single-center retrospective analysis of 3- or 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: surgical outcomes in 66 patients","volume":"34","author":"McClure JJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"McClure JJ, Desai BD, Shabo LM,  A single-center retrospective analysis of 3- or 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: surgical outcomes in 66 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(1):45\u201351."},{"issue":"6","key":"b51","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"885","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes following 3- and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"24","author":"De la Garza-Ramos R","year":"2016","unstructured":"De la Garza-Ramos R, Xu R, Ramhmdani S,  Long-term clinical outcomes following 3- and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(6):885\u2013891.26895527"},{"issue":"VideoSuppl1","key":"b52","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"V5","article-title":"Hybrid cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"42","author":"Tu TH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tu TH, Wu JC, Cheng H, Mummaneni PV. Hybrid cervical disc arthroplasty. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(VideoSuppl1):V5.28042726"},{"issue":"17","key":"b53","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Kinematics of cervical total disc replacement adjacent to a two-level, straight versus lordotic fusion","volume":"36","author":"Martin S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin S, Ghanayem AJ, Tzermiadianos MN,  Kinematics of cervical total disc replacement adjacent to a two-level, straight versus lordotic fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(17):1359\u20131366.21629170"},{"issue":"5","key":"b54","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"335","article-title":"Cervical arthroplasty after previous surgery: results of treating 24 discs in 15 patients","volume":"3","author":"Sekhon LH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sekhon LH, Sears W, Duggal N. Cervical arthroplasty after previous surgery: results of treating 24 discs in 15 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;3(5):335\u2013341.16302626"},{"issue":"2","key":"b55","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"289","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of hybrid surgery for multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or cervical disc arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Hollyer MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hollyer MA, Gill EC, Ayis S, Demetriades AK. The safety and efficacy of hybrid surgery for multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or cervical disc arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(2):289\u2013303."},{"key":"b56","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"22","article-title":"Hybrid corpectomy and disc arthroplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and disc herniation","volume":"95","author":"Chang HC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang HC, Tu TH, Chang HK,  Hybrid corpectomy and disc arthroplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and disc herniation. World Neurosurg. 2016;95:22\u201330.27474455"},{"issue":"3","key":"b57","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"594","article-title":"The incidence of adjacent segment disease requiring surgery after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion: estimation using an 11-year comprehensive nationwide database in Taiwan","volume":"70","author":"Wu JC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu JC, Liu L, Wen-Cheng H,  The incidence of adjacent segment disease requiring surgery after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion: estimation using an 11-year comprehensive nationwide database in Taiwan. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(3):594\u2013601.22343790"},{"issue":"9","key":"b58","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Comparison between single- and multi-level patients: clinical and radiological outcomes 2 years after cervical disc replacement","volume":"20","author":"Huppert J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huppert J, Beaurain J, Steib JP,  Comparison between single- and multi-level patients: clinical and radiological outcomes 2 years after cervical disc replacement. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(9):1417\u20131426.21336970"},{"issue":"5","key":"b59","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"559","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of treating cervical adjacent segment disease by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus total disc replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Lu VM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu VM, Mobbs RJ, Phan K. Clinical outcomes of treating cervical adjacent segment disease by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus total disc replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Spine J. 2019;9(5):559\u2013567.31431880"},{"issue":"4","key":"b60","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"437","article-title":"Cervical total disc replacement: expanded indications","volume":"32","author":"Alves OL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves OL. Cervical total disc replacement: expanded indications. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2021;32(4):437\u2013448.34538470"},{"issue":"VideoSuppl1","key":"b61","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"V2","article-title":"Resection of uncovertebral joints and posterior longitudinal ligament for cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"42","author":"Tu TH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tu TH, Chang CC, Wu JC,  Resection of uncovertebral joints and posterior longitudinal ligament for cervical disc arthroplasty. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(VideoSuppl1):V2.28042720"},{"issue":"VideoSuppl1","key":"b62","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"V4","article-title":"Stepwise illustration of teeth-fixation semi-constrained cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"42","author":"Chang CC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang CC, Wu JC, Chang PY,  Stepwise illustration of teeth-fixation semi-constrained cervical disc arthroplasty. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(VideoSuppl1):V4.28042725"},{"issue":"6","key":"b63","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1231","article-title":"The effect of T1-slope in spinal parameters after cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"87","author":"Kuo YH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuo YH, Kuo CH, Chang HK,  The effect of T1-slope in spinal parameters after cervical disc arthroplasty. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(6):1231\u20131239.32649746"},{"issue":"6","key":"b64","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"601","article-title":"The effects of carpentry on heterotopic ossification and mobility in cervical arthroplasty: determination by computed tomography with a minimum 2-year follow-up: clinical article","volume":"16","author":"Tu TH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tu TH, Wu JC, Huang WC, Wu CL, Ko CC, Cheng H. The effects of carpentry on heterotopic ossification and mobility in cervical arthroplasty: determination by computed tomography with a minimum 2-year follow-up: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;16(6):601\u2013609.22462570"},{"issue":"1","key":"b65","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"Multilevel cervical arthroplasty-clinical and radiological outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Reinas R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reinas R, Kitumba D, Pereira L, Baptista AM, Alves \u00d3L. Multilevel cervical arthroplasty-clinical and radiological outcomes. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(1):233\u2013242.32309661"},{"issue":"9","key":"b66","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients","volume":"75","author":"Bohlman HH","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bohlman HH, Emery SE, Goodfellow DB, Jones PK. Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(9):1298\u20131307.8408151"},{"issue":"19","key":"b67","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2047","article-title":"Anterior discectomy and fusion for painful cervical disc disease. A report of 50 patients with an average follow-up of 21 years","volume":"23","author":"Gore DR","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gore DR, Sepic SB. Anterior discectomy and fusion for painful cervical disc disease. A report of 50 patients with an average follow-up of 21 years. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998;23(19):2047\u20132051.9794047"},{"key":"b68","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"31","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of cervical disc arthroplasty with the Mobi-C\u00a9 cervical disc: a randomized, prospective, multicenter clinical trial with seven-year follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Radcliff K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Radcliff K, Davis RJ, Hisey MS,  Long-term evaluation of cervical disc arthroplasty with the Mobi-C\u00a9 cervical disc: a randomized, prospective, multicenter clinical trial with seven-year follow-up. Int J Spine Surg. 2017;11:31.29372135"},{"issue":"5","key":"b69","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"734","article-title":"Subsequent surgery rates after cervical total disc replacement using a Mobi-C Cervical Disc Prosthesis versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective randomized clinical trial with 5-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Jackson RJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jackson RJ, Davis RJ, Hoffman GA,  Subsequent surgery rates after cervical total disc replacement using a Mobi-C Cervical Disc Prosthesis versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective randomized clinical trial with 5-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(5):734\u2013745.26799118"},{"issue":"9","key":"b70","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"711","article-title":"Five-year reoperation rates, cervical total disc replacement versus fusion, results of a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Delamarter RB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delamarter RB, Zigler J. Five-year reoperation rates, cervical total disc replacement versus fusion, results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(9):711\u2013717.23124255"},{"issue":"3","key":"b71","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Adjacent segment pathology after treatment with cervical disc arthroplasty or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, part 2: clinical results at 7-year follow-up","volume":"14","author":"Nunley PD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nunley PD, Kerr EJ III, Cavanaugh DA,  Adjacent segment pathology after treatment with cervical disc arthroplasty or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, part 2: clinical results at 7-year follow-up. Int J Spine Surg. 2020;14(3):278\u2013285."},{"issue":"3","key":"b72","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"377","article-title":"Long-term clinical experience with selectively constrained SECURE-C cervical artificial disc for 1-level cervical disc disease: results from seven-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized, controlled investigational device exemption clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Vaccaro A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaccaro A, Beutler W, Peppelman W,  Long-term clinical experience with selectively constrained SECURE-C cervical artificial disc for 1-level cervical disc disease: results from seven-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized, controlled investigational device exemption clinical trial. Int J Spine Surg. 2018;12(3):377\u2013387.30276095"},{"key":"b73","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"20","article-title":"Adjacent segment disease requiring reoperation in cervical total disc arthroplasty: a literature review and update","volume":"37","author":"Chang KE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang KE, Pham MH, Hsieh PC. Adjacent segment disease requiring reoperation in cervical total disc arthroplasty: a literature review and update. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;37:20\u201324.27865820"},{"issue":"2","key":"b74","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"213","article-title":"Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Radcliff K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radcliff K, Coric D, Albert T. Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(2):213\u2013224.27015130"},{"issue":"1","key":"b75","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"7","article-title":"Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Prestige LP artificial cervical disc replacement at 2 levels: results from a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Lanman TH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lanman TH, Burkus JK, Dryer RG, Gornet MF, McConnell J, Hodges SD. Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Prestige LP artificial cervical disc replacement at 2 levels: results from a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;27(1):7\u201319.28387616"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/3\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/3\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/3\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:10:19Z","timestamp":1733490619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/3\/article-p372.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2022.11.spine22880","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}}}