{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T19:13:25Z","timestamp":1788635605018,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are antihypertensive agents with potential vascular protection effects. This study investigated whether CCB usage was associated with a lower incidence of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) instability (growth and rupture) in patients with hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>UIA patients were included in two prospective, multicenter cohort studies (IARP-CP and 100-Project cohorts). All patients received conservative treatment and were regularly followed up every 6 months by CT angiography for 2 years. Patients taking CCBs at least 5 days per week were considered CCB users; otherwise, they were considered non-CCB users. The primary endpoint was UIA instability (rupture, growth of &gt; 20% and\/or 1 mm in any dimension, or appearance of a new dome irregularity on imaging follow-up).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 392 UIA patients with hypertension (191 male, 201 female; median age 57 years) were included with a mean follow-up duration of 21.7 \u00b1 5.2 months. The primary endpoint was met in 81 patients (20.7%) during follow-up, including 68 patients with aneurysms that grew and 13 with aneurysms that ruptured. CCB users had a lower UIA instability rate than non-CCB users (27\/237 [11.4%] vs 54\/155 [34.8%], p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that CCB use was associated with a lower risk of UIA instability (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22\u20130.61; p &lt; 0.001). The protective effect of CCB use was consistent in patients taking a single antihypertensive agent (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12\u20130.40; p &lt; 0.001) and patients taking &gt; 1 antihypertensive agent (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20\u20130.87; p = 0.021). For patients with controlled hypertension, CCB use was still associated with a lower risk of UIA instability (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09\u20130.52; p = 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In UIA patients with hypertension, CCB use was associated with a lower incidence of aneurysm instability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.12.jns222428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T15:39:31Z","timestamp":1674833971000},"page":"651-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of calcium channel blockers with lower incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture and growth in hypertensive patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"*Qingyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"},{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmud","family":"Mossa-Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2368","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"46","author":"Thompson BG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson BG, Brown RD Jr, Amin-Hanjani S,  Guidelines for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. 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