{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:19Z","timestamp":1790709679379,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex lesions that represent a subset of vascular anomalies (VAs). The authors present an analysis of their institutional experience managing these lesions as a multidisciplinary team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was performed of head and neck AVM patients treated at the authors\u2019 institution from 2012 to 2022. Recorded data included patient demographic characteristics, details of clinical presentation, Sch\u00f6binger clinical scale and Yakes AVM classification results, and details of all endovascular and surgical treatments. The primary outcome of the study was clinical response to treatment. Angiographic occlusion and complication rates were reported. Chi-square tests were used for comparative statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen patients (9 female, 56%) with AVMs of the head and neck presented from age 3 to 77 years. The Sch\u00f6binger stage was stage II in 56% of patients (n = 9) and stage III in 44% of patients (n = 7). The Yakes AVM classification was nidus type (2a, 2b, or 4) in 7 patients (43%) and fistula type (1, 3a, or 3b) in 9 patients (57%). The majority of patients (n = 11, 69.0%) were managed with embolization as the only treatment modality, with an average of 1.5 embolizations\/patient (range 1\u20133). Surgical resection was employed in 5 patients (4 in combination with embolization). Symptom resolution and symptom control were achieved in 69% and 31% of patients, respectively, in the entire cohort. A radiographic cure was demonstrated in 50% of patients. There were no statistical differences in clinical outcomes or radiographic cure rates between patients treated with different modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck AVMs can be treated successfully with a primarily endovascular management strategy by a multidisciplinary team with the goal of symptomatic control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.4.focus22123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T07:36:45Z","timestamp":1656661005000},"page":"E17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: University of Tennessee experience, 2012\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Demi","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Motiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gleysteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolargyngology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Elijovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics","volume":"69","author":"Mulliken JB","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mulliken JB, Glowacki J. 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