{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:09:51Z","timestamp":1778627391592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Long-term follow-up is often recommended for patients with hydrocephalus, but the frequency of clinical follow-up, timing and modality of imaging, and duration of surveillance have not been clearly defined. Here, the authors used the modified Delphi method to identify areas of consensus regarding the modality, frequency, and duration of hydrocephalus surveillance following surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pediatric neurosurgeons serving as institutional liaisons to the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN), or its implementation\/quality improvement arm (HCRNq), were invited to participate in this modified Delphi study. Thirty-seven consensus statements were generated and distributed via an anonymous electronic survey, with responses structured as a 4-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). A subsequent, virtual meeting offered the opportunity for open discussion and modification of the statements in an effort to reach consensus (defined as \u2265 80% agreement or disagreement).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nineteen pediatric neurosurgeons participated in the first round, after which 15 statements reached consensus. During the second round, 14 participants met virtually for review and discussion. Some statements were modified and 2 statements were combined, resulting in a total of 36 statements. At the conclusion of the session, consensus was achieved for 17 statements regarding the following: 1) the role of standardization; 2) preferred imaging modalities; 3) postoperative follow-up after shunt surgery (subdivided into immediate postoperative imaging, delayed postoperative imaging, routine clinical surveillance, and routine radiological surveillance); and 4) postoperative follow-up after an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Consensus could not be achieved for 19 statements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using the modified Delphi method, 17 consensus statements were developed with respect to both clinical and radiological follow-up after a shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The frequency, modality, and duration of surveillance were addressed, highlighting areas in which no clear data exist to guide clinical practice. Although further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of hydrocephalus surveillance, the current study provides a framework to guide future efforts to develop standardized clinical protocols for the postoperative surveillance of patients with hydrocephalus. Ultimately, the standardization of hydrocephalus surveillance has the potential to improve patient care as well as optimize the use of healthcare resources.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.5.peds22116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1655474446000},"page":"177-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hydrocephalus surveillance following CSF diversion: a modified Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Hersh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children\u2019s, Hartford;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children\u2019s, Hartford;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Bristol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Browd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nalin","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd C.","family":"Hankinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine\/Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R. 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