{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:03:06Z","timestamp":1780131786591,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the mid-1900s, military medicine made historical advancements in the diagnosis, stabilization, and treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCIs). In particular, World War II was an inflection point for clinical practice related to SCIs because of the vast number of devastating injuries to soldiers seen during World War I (WWI). The unprecedented rate of SCI along with growth in the field served as a catalyst for surgical and interdisciplinary advancements through the increased exposure to this challenging pathology. Initially, a tragic fate was assumed for soldiers with SCIs in WWI resulting in a very conservative approach strategy given a multitude of factors. However, soldiers with similar injuries 20 years later saw improved outcomes with more aggressive management interventions by specialists in spine trauma, who applied measures such as spinal traction, arthrodesis, and internal fixation, and with the significant developments in the complex rehabilitation of these patients. This article describes the historical shift in the management of SCIs through the two world wars. These historical lessons of SCI and the fundamental advances in their neurosurgical intervention have molded not only military but also modern civilian treatment of SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.6.focus22255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T03:18:26Z","timestamp":1662002306000},"page":"E11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evolution of spinal cord injury treatment in military neurosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Christiana M.","family":"Cornea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Sanders","family":"Marble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Medical Department Center of History and Heritage, San Antonio, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristopher","family":"Hooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Sindelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Benzel\u2019s Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management","first-page":"e3","article-title":"History of spine surgery","volume":"1-17","author":"Naderi S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naderi S, Benzel EC. 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