{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:16:32Z","timestamp":1771658192205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Only 1%\u20133% of meningiomas are malignant according to the 2016 WHO criteria (WHO grade III). High-grade meningiomas present specific gene expression signatures indicating aggressive growth or recurrence. However, changes in gene expression and in neuroinflammatory gene expression signatures in WHO grade III meningiomas and during progression from WHO grade I or II to grade III are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors used a NanoString targeted gene expression panel with focus on 787 genes relevant in meningioma pathology and neuroinflammatory pathways to investigate patients with grade III meningiomas treated at Rigshospitalet from 2000 to 2020 (n = 51). A temporal dimension was added to the investigation by including samples from patients\u2019 earlier grade I and II meningiomas and grade III recurrences (n = 139 meningiomas). The authors investigated changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression signatures in 1) grade I meningiomas that later transformed into grade III meningiomas, and 2) grade III meningiomas compared with nonrecurrent grade I meningiomas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors\u2019 data indicate that <jats:italic>FOXM1, TOP2A, BIRC5<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>MYBL2<\/jats:italic> were enriched and the HOTAIR regulatory pathway was enriched in grade III meningiomas compared with nonrecurrent grade I meningiomas. They discovered a separation of malignant and benign meningiomas based only on genes involved in microglia regulation with enrichment of <jats:italic>P2RY12<\/jats:italic> in grade I compared with grade III meningiomas. Interestingly, <jats:italic>FOXM1<\/jats:italic> was upregulated in premalignant grade I meningioma years before the grade III transformation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors found gene expression changes in low-grade meningiomas that predated histological transformation to grade III meningiomas. Neuroinflammation genes distinguished grade III from grade I meningiomas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.7.jns22585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T14:45:42Z","timestamp":1663339542000},"page":"1302-1312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gene expression analysis during progression of malignant meningioma compared to benign meningioma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Andrea D.","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Meddis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeppe","family":"Haslund-Vinding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Bartek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian M.","family":"Krog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Uyen Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Au\u0161rin\u0117","family":"Are\u0161kevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linea C.","family":"Melchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bjarne W.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina N.","family":"Munch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re","family":"Fugleholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Ziebell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frantz R.","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark;"},{"name":"Clinical Institute and BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Gerds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Litman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Microbiology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Scheie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiit","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"b1","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"iv1","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2011-2015","volume":"20","author":"Ostrom QT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Truitt G, Boscia A, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. 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