{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1792618285515,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, automated tools for seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization that use brief interictal recordings could supplement presurgical evaluations and improve care. Thus, the authors sought to localize SOZs by training a multichannel convolutional neural network on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) cortico-cortical evoked potentials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors performed single-pulse electrical stimulation in 10 drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients implanted with SEEG. Using 500,000 unique poststimulation SEEG epochs, the authors trained a multichannel 1-dimensional convolutional neural network to determine whether an SOZ had been stimulated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SOZs were classified with mean sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 74.6% according to leave-one-patient-out testing. To achieve maximum accuracy, the model required a 0- to 350-msec poststimulation time period. Post hoc analysis revealed that the model accurately classified unilateral versus bilateral mesial temporal lobe seizure onset, as well as neocortical SOZs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was the first demonstration, to the authors\u2019 knowledge, that a deep learning framework can be used to accurately classify SOZs with single-pulse electrical stimulation\u2013evoked responses. These findings suggest that accurate classification of SOZs relies on a complex temporal evolution of evoked responses within 350 msec of stimulation. Validation in a larger data set could provide a practical clinical tool for the presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.8.jns221321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1665585739000},"page":"1002-1007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Localizing seizure onset zones in surgical epilepsy with neurostimulation deep learning"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Graham W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon Y.","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine W.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarushi S.","family":"Negi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saramati","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danika L.","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hern\u00e1n F. J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawniqua","family":"Williams Roberson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Bick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catie E.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"},{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing & Speech Sciences,"},{"name":"Psychology,"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario J.","family":"Englot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering,"},{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering,"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville;"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"27","article-title":"Epidemiology of epilepsy","volume":"172","author":"Behr C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Behr C, Goltzene MA, Kosmalski G, Hirsch E, Ryvlin P. 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