{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1770888002396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a neurovascular complication due to premature birth that results in blood clots forming within the ventricles. Magnetic resonance\u2013guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) has been investigated as a noninvasive treatment to lyse clots. The authors designed and constructed a robotic MRgHIFU platform to treat the neonatal brain that facilitates ergonomic patient positioning. The clot lysis efficacy of the platform is quantified using a brain phantom and clinical MRI system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A thermosensitive brain-mimicking phantom with ventricular cavities was developed to test the clot lysis efficacy of the robotic MRgHIFU platform. Whole porcine blood was clotted within the phantom\u2019s cavities. Using the MRgHIFU platform and a boiling histotripsy treatment procedure (500 W, 10-msec pulse duration, 1.0% duty cycle, and 40-second duration), the clots were lysed inside the phantom. The contents of the cavities were vacuum filtered, and the remaining mass of the solid clot particles was used to quantify the percentage of clot lysis. The interior of the phantom\u2019s cavities was inspected for any collateral damage during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 9 phantoms were sonicated, yielding an average (\u00b1 SD) clot lysis of 97.0% \u00b1 2.57%. Treatment resulted in substantial clot lysis within the brain-mimicking phantoms that were apparent on postsonication T2-weighted MR images. No apparent collateral damage was observed within the phantom after treatment. The results from the study showed the MRgHIFU platform was successful at lysing more than 90% of a blood clot at a statistically significant level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The robotic MRgHIFU platform was shown to lyse a large percentage of a blood clot with no observable collateral damage. These results demonstrate the platform\u2019s ability to induce clot lysis when targeting through simulated brain matter and show promise toward the final application in neonatal patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.8.peds22144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T16:16:19Z","timestamp":1663344979000},"page":"586-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A robotic MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound platform for intraventricular hemorrhage: assessment of clot lysis efficacy in a brain phantom"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hrishikesh","family":"Raghuram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posluns Centre for Image Guided Innovation and Therapeutic Intervention, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario;"},{"name":"The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Looi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posluns Centre for Image Guided Innovation and Therapeutic Intervention, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario;"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Pichardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; and"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Waspe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posluns Centre for Image Guided Innovation and Therapeutic Intervention, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario;"},{"name":"Departments of Medical Imaging,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posluns Centre for Image Guided Innovation and Therapeutic Intervention, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario;"},{"name":"The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario;"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, and"},{"name":"Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volpe JJ, Inder TE, Darras BT,  eds. 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