{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:07:57Z","timestamp":1788581277958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The global neurosurgery movement arose at the crossroads of unmet neurosurgical needs and public health to address the global burden of neurosurgical disease. The case of folic acid fortification (FAF) of staple foods for the prevention of spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA) represents an example of a new neurosurgical paradigm focused on public health intervention in addition to the treatment of individual cases. The Global Alliance for the Prevention of Spina Bifida-F (GAPSBiF), a multidisciplinary coalition of neurosurgeons, pediatricians, geneticists, epidemiologists, food scientists, and fortification policy experts, was formed to advocate for FAF of staple foods worldwide. This paper serves as a review of the work of GAPSBiF thus far in advocating for universal FAF of commonly consumed staple foods to equitably prevent SBA caused by folic acid insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A narrative review was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this review, the authors describe the impact of SBA on patients, caregivers, and health systems, as well as characterize the multifaceted requirements for proper spina bifida care, including multidisciplinary clinics and the transition of care, while highlighting the role of neurosurgeons. Then they discuss prevention policy approaches, including supplementation, fortification, and hybrid efforts with folic acid. Next, they use the example of FAF of staple foods as a model for neurosurgeons\u2019 involvement in global public health through clinical practice, research, education and training, and advocacy. Last, they describe mechanisms for involvement in the above initiatives as a potential academic tenure track, including institutional partnerships, organized neurosurgery, neurosurgical expert groups, nongovernmental organizations, national or international governments, and multidisciplinary coalitions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The role of neurosurgeons in caring for children with spina bifida extends beyond treating patients in clinical practice and includes research, education and training, and advocacy initiatives to promote context-specific, evidence-based initiatives to public health problems. Promoting and championing FAF serves as an example of the far-reaching, impactful role that neurosurgeons worldwide may play at the intersection of neurosurgery and public health.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.9.peds22188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T14:29:36Z","timestamp":1667572176000},"page":"8-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The role of neurosurgeons in global public health: the case of folic acid fortification of staple foods to prevent spina bifida"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Shlobin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan T.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Kancherla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Children\u2019s Hospital of Costa Rica, \"Dr. Carlos Saenz Herrera,\" San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eylem","family":"Ocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemel A.","family":"Ghotme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Research Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Ch\u00eda, Colombia;"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandi","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee B.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Rosseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham\/Children\u2019s of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Boop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.12.048","article-title":"Global neurosurgery: the unmet need","volume":"88","author":"Park KB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park KB, Johnson WD, Dempsey RJ. 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