{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:02:51Z","timestamp":1787025771244,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) is a form of chronic hydrocephalus and its pathophysiology and treatment remain debated. An analysis of CSF dynamics in this condition has rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze hydrodynamic characteristics of patients with suspected LOVA to discuss its pathophysiological mechanisms and the importance of CSF dynamics analysis for diagnosis and treatment of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study, conducted between May 2018 and October 2022, included adult patients aged &gt; 18 years investigated in a department of neurosurgery through a lumbar infusion study for suspicion of LOVA (n = 23). These patients were then compared with a control cohort explored for suspicion of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH; n = 30). Clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and hydrodynamic parameters were analyzed. The authors specifically compared two hydrodynamic parameters: resistance to CSF outflow, or Rout, which relies on CSF resorption, and pressure-volume index (PVI), which reflect overall craniospinal compliance. The lumbar infusion study was considered pathological (confirming the diagnosis of chronic hydrocephalus) when at least one of these two parameters was altered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rout was significantly less frequently increased (cutoff \u2265 12 mm Hg\/ml\/min) in patients with LOVA (52%) than in those with iNPH (97%; p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, PVI was impaired (cutoff \u2264 25 ml) in both cohorts, i.e., in 61% of patients with LOVA and in 83% of patients with iNPH. Overall, the rate of pathological lumbar infusion study in LOVA (87%) was not statistically different than in iNPH (100%). However, PVI was the only impaired parameter most frequently found in those with LOVA (35%) compared with those with iNPH (3%; p = 0.002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that there is a differential CSF dynamics pattern when comparing patients with LOVA versus those with iNPH. A higher proportion of patients with LOVA showed isolated compliance impairment. These findings highlight the utility of CSF dynamics analysis for the evaluation of patients with suspected chronic obstructive hydrocephalus such as LOVA. Future research with larger case series may help define diagnosis and treatment algorithms of chronic obstructive hydrocephalus based on CSF dynamics analysis, in addition to clinical and radiological criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.1.focus22642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T08:26:41Z","timestamp":1680337601000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CSF dynamics in long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pirina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Jusue-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Desestret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology D, Neurological Hospital Wertheimer, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"INSERM U1217\/CNRS UMR 5310, Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Albini Riccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Jouanneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Department of Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital Wertheimer, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; and"},{"name":"INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Palandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Manet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital Wertheimer, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"181","article-title":"Neurological and medico-social problems of spina bifida patients in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"12","author":"Oi S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oi S, Sato O, Matsumoto S. Neurological and medico-social problems of spina bifida patients in adolescence and adulthood. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996;12(4):181\u2013187.8739403"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"79","article-title":"Surgical management of arrested hydrocephalus: case report, literature review, and 18-month follow-up","volume":"151","author":"Hong J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong J, Barrena BG, Lollis SS, Bauer DF. Surgical management of arrested hydrocephalus: case report, literature review, and 18-month follow-up. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2016;151:79\u201385.27816030"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","first-page":"302","article-title":"Arrested hydrocephalus in childhood: case series and review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Hurni Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurni Y, Poretti A, Schneider J, Guzman R, Ramelli GP. Arrested hydrocephalus in childhood: case series and review of the literature. Neuropediatrics. 2018;49(5):302\u2013309.29933461"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"791","article-title":"What is arrested hydrocephalus?","volume":"58","author":"Schick RW","year":"1961","unstructured":"Schick RW, Matson DD. What is arrested hydrocephalus? J Pediatr. 1961;58(6):791\u2013799.13747587"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"717","article-title":"Long term neuropsychological outcome and management of \u2018decompensated\u2019 longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"26","author":"Al-Jumaily M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Jumaily M, Jones B, Hayhurst C,  Long term neuropsychological outcome and management of \u2018decompensated\u2019 longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(5):717\u2013721.22468979"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"81","article-title":"Adult patients with \"asymptomatic\" and \"compensated\" hydrocephalus benefit from surgery","volume":"99","author":"Larsson A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Larsson A, Stephensen H, Wikkels\u00f8 C. Adult patients with \"asymptomatic\" and \"compensated\" hydrocephalus benefit from surgery. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;99(2):81\u201390.10071165"},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"933","article-title":"Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"92","author":"Oi S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oi S, Shimoda M, Shibata M,  Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(6):933\u2013940.10839252"},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"662","article-title":"Proposal of \"evolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\" and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain","volume":"22","author":"Oi S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oi S, Di Rocco C. Proposal of \"evolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\" and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(7):662\u2013669.16685545"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"741","article-title":"Natural history of ventriculomegaly in adults: a cluster analysis","volume":"132","author":"Craven CL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Craven CL, Ramkumar R, D\u2019Antona L,  Natural history of ventriculomegaly in adults: a cluster analysis. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(3):741\u2013748.30771787"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"71","article-title":"Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA)","volume":"159","author":"Ved R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ved R, Leach P, Patel C. Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(1):71\u201379.27807671"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"605","article-title":"LOVA: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and a new proposal for diagnostic criteria","volume":"40","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Botella G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Botella G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda L, Carrasco-Brenes A, Ros-L\u00f3pez B, Arr\u00e1ez-S\u00e1nchez M\u00c1. LOVA: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and a new proposal for diagnostic criteria. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(4):605\u2013611."},{"issue":"8","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"362","article-title":"Neuropsychological changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"49","author":"Hamada H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamada H, Hayashi N, Kurimoto M, Takaiwa A, Kurosaki K, Endo S. Neuropsychological changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2009;49(8):362\u2013364.19707003"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"24","article-title":"Neuropsychophysiological findings in a case of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA)","volume":"385","author":"Canu EDG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Canu EDG, Magnano I, Paulus KS,  Neuropsychophysiological findings in a case of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA). Neurosci Lett. 2005;385(1):24\u201329."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"21","article-title":"Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus","volume":"12","author":"Kiefer M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI, Strowitzki M. Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12(1):21\u201326.15639406"},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"109","article-title":"Gravitational shunts in longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"57","author":"Kiefer M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiefer M, Eymann R, Strowitzki M, Steudel WI. Gravitational shunts in longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(1):109\u2013119.15987546"},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"64","article-title":"Utilidad de la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal en pacientes con ventriculomegalia marcada de larga evoluci\u00f3n","volume":"26","author":"Horcajadas Almansa  \u00c1","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horcajadas Almansa  \u00c1, Cordero Tous N, Rom\u00e1n Cutillas A,  Utilidad de la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal en pacientes con ventriculomegalia marcada de larga evoluci\u00f3n. Neurocirugia (Astur). 2015;26(2):64\u201372."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"220","article-title":"The pathophysiology of chronic noncommunicating hydrocephalus: lessons from continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and ventricular infusion testing","volume":"129","author":"Eide PK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eide PK. The pathophysiology of chronic noncommunicating hydrocephalus: lessons from continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and ventricular infusion testing. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(1):220\u2013233.28799879"},{"issue":"12","key":"b18","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"3343","article-title":"Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) with patent aqueduct: surgical outcome and etiopathogenesis of a possibly distinct form of chronic hydrocephalus","volume":"163","author":"Palandri G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palandri G, Carretta A, La Corte E, Mazzatenta D, Conti A. Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) with patent aqueduct: surgical outcome and etiopathogenesis of a possibly distinct form of chronic hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(12):3343\u20133352.34491433"},{"issue":"3 suppl","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S17","article-title":"The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Marmarou A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N, Black PML. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 suppl):S17\u2013S28.16160426"},{"issue":"6","key":"b20","series-title":"I. Rationale and method. Neurology","first-page":"534","article-title":"A simple constant-infusion manometric test for measurement of CSF absorption","volume":"20","author":"Katzman R","year":"1970","unstructured":"Katzman R, Hussey F. A simple constant-infusion manometric test for measurement of CSF absorption. I. Rationale and method. Neurology. 1970;20(6):534\u2013544.5463608"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2022","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022."},{"issue":"6 suppl","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"459","article-title":"Expression of the water-channel protein aquaporin 4 in the H-Tx rat: possible compensatory role in spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus","volume":"105","author":"Shen XQ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shen XQ, Miyajima M, Ogino I, Arai H. Expression of the water-channel protein aquaporin 4 in the H-Tx rat: possible compensatory role in spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(6 suppl):459\u2013464.17184078"},{"issue":"7","key":"b23","series-title":"Ann Biomed Eng","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement","volume":"37","author":"Linninger AA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linninger AA, Sweetman B, Penn R. Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009;37(7):1434\u20131447.19373558"},{"issue":"23","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Practice guideline: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: response to shunting and predictors of response. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"85","author":"Halperin JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halperin JJ, Kurlan R, Schwalb JM, Cusimano MD, Gronseth G, Gloss D. Practice guideline: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: response to shunting and predictors of response. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2015;85(23):2063\u20132071."},{"issue":"11","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"775","article-title":"Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: second edition","volume":"52","author":"Mori E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mori E, Ishikawa M, Kato T,  Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: second edition. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(11):775\u2013809.23183074"},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Biomechanics of the Brain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller K, ed.Biomechanics of the Brain. Springer;2011."},{"issue":"5","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"43","author":"Marmarou A","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Shulman K, LaMorgese J. Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system. J Neurosurg. 1975;43(5):523\u2013534.1181384"},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"159","article-title":"CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and bolus infusions","volume":"87","author":"Tans JT","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tans JT, Poortvliet DCJ. CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and bolus infusions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1985;87(3):159\u2013165.4053471"},{"issue":"6","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"819","article-title":"Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries","volume":"56","author":"Shapiro K","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shapiro K, Marmarou A. Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries. J Neurosurg. 1982;56(6):819\u2013825.7077382"},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"An experimental evaluation in cats. J Neurosurg","first-page":"532","article-title":"The physiological basis of intracranial pressure change with progressive epidural brain compression","volume":"47","author":"Sullivan HG","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sullivan HG, Miller JD, Becker DP, Flora RE, Allen GA. The physiological basis of intracranial pressure change with progressive epidural brain compression. An experimental evaluation in cats. J Neurosurg. 1977;47(4):532\u2013550.903806"},{"issue":"5","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"549","article-title":"Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on an observational study","volume":"60","author":"Czosnyka M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Czosnyka M, Whitehouse H, Smielewski P, Simac S, Pickard JD. Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on an observational study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60(5):549\u2013558."},{"issue":"6","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics","volume":"85","author":"Marmarou A","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Foda MA, Bandoh K,  Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics. J Neurosurg. 1996;85(6):1026\u20131035.8929491"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): diagnostic aspects, CSF dynamics with lumbar infusion test and treatment options in a consecutive series with long-term follow-up","volume":"156","author":"Tuniz F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuniz F, Fabbro S, Piccolo D,  Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): diagnostic aspects, CSF dynamics with lumbar infusion test and treatment options in a consecutive series with long-term follow-up. World Neurosurg. 2021;156:e30\u2013e40."},{"issue":"2","key":"b34","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"98","article-title":"Extraventricular intracisternal obstructive hydrocephalus\u2014a hypothesis to explain successful 3rd ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus","volume":"38","author":"Kehler U","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kehler U, Gliemroth J. Extraventricular intracisternal obstructive hydrocephalus\u2014a hypothesis to explain successful 3rd ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2003;38(2):98\u2013101.12566844"},{"issue":"6","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1858","article-title":"Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna","volume":"124","author":"Kageyama H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kageyama H, Miyajima M, Ogino I,  Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(6):1858\u20131866.26636390"},{"issue":"12","key":"b36","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"2319","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children with third ventricular pressure gradient and open ventricular outlets on MRI","volume":"35","author":"Al-Hakim S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Hakim S, Schaumann A, Tietze A, Schulz M, Thomale UW. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children with third ventricular pressure gradient and open ventricular outlets on MRI. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(12):2319\u20132326.31654263"},{"issue":"10","key":"b37","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Intraventricular or lumbar infusion test in adult communicating hydrocephalus? Practical consequences and clinical outcome of shunt operation","volume":"147","author":"Bech-Azeddine R","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bech-Azeddine R, Gjerris F, Waldemar G, Czosnyka M, Juhler M. Intraventricular or lumbar infusion test in adult communicating hydrocephalus? Practical consequences and clinical outcome of shunt operation. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(10):1027\u20131036.16044359"},{"issue":"1","key":"b38","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"56","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic surgery for specific forms of hydrocephalus","volume":"15","author":"Oi S","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oi S, Hidaka M, Honda Y,  Neuroendoscopic surgery for specific forms of hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 1999;15(1):56\u201368.10066021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"37","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) needing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with double programmable pressure valves","volume":"40","author":"Ono K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ono K, Hatada J, Yamada M. Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) needing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with double programmable pressure valves. Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka. 2012;40(1):37\u201342.22223521"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, the perfect treatment for the proper diagnosis","volume":"149","author":"Bianchi F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bianchi F, Ducoli G, Moriconi F, Chieffo DPR, Anile C, Tamburrini G. Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, the perfect treatment for the proper diagnosis. World Neurosurg. 2021;149:104\u2013110.33578027"},{"issue":"3","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients","volume":"41","author":"Isaacs AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isaacs AM, Bezchlibnyk YB, Yong H,  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;41(3):E3.27581315"},{"issue":"5","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"861","article-title":"The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"110","author":"Jenkinson MD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jenkinson MD, Hayhurst C, Al-Jumaily M, Kandasamy J, Clark S, Mallucci CL. The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(5):861\u2013866.19284240"},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"605","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus and symptomatic long-standing overt ventriculomegaly","volume":"12","author":"Balevi M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balevi M. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus and symptomatic long-standing overt ventriculomegaly. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(4):605\u2013612.29114272"},{"issue":"1","key":"b44","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"70","article-title":"Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis","volume":"50","author":"Tisell M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tisell M, Edsbagge M, Stephensen H, Czosnyka M, Wikkels\u00f8 C. Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(1):70\u201377.11844236"},{"issue":"4","key":"b45","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: pitfalls in treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"22","author":"Rekate HL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rekate HL. Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: pitfalls in treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;22(4):E6.17613195"},{"issue":"3","key":"b46","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"448","article-title":"Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children","volume":"90","author":"Cinalli G","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cinalli G, Sainte-Rose C, Chumas P,  Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(3):448\u2013454.10067912"},{"issue":"5","key":"b47","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"46","author":"Fukuhara T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fukuhara T, Vorster SJ, Luciano MG. Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(5):1100\u20131111.10807242"},{"issue":"4","key":"b48","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1926","article-title":"Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): a comparative case series between ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)","volume":"19","author":"Montemurro N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montemurro N, Indaimo A, Di Carlo DT, Benedetto N, Perrini P. Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): a comparative case series between ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):1926.35206112"},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"181","article-title":"Neurological and medico-social problems of spina bifida patients in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"12","author":"Oi S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oi S, Sato O, Matsumoto S. Neurological and medico-social problems of spina bifida patients in adolescence and adulthood. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996;12(4):181\u2013187.8739403"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"79","article-title":"Surgical management of arrested hydrocephalus: case report, literature review, and 18-month follow-up","volume":"151","author":"Hong J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong J, Barrena BG, Lollis SS, Bauer DF. Surgical management of arrested hydrocephalus: case report, literature review, and 18-month follow-up. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2016;151:79\u201385.27816030"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","first-page":"302","article-title":"Arrested hydrocephalus in childhood: case series and review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Hurni Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurni Y, Poretti A, Schneider J, Guzman R, Ramelli GP. Arrested hydrocephalus in childhood: case series and review of the literature. Neuropediatrics. 2018;49(5):302\u2013309.29933461"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"791","article-title":"What is arrested hydrocephalus?","volume":"58","author":"Schick RW","year":"1961","unstructured":"Schick RW, Matson DD. What is arrested hydrocephalus? J Pediatr. 1961;58(6):791\u2013799.13747587"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"717","article-title":"Long term neuropsychological outcome and management of \u2018decompensated\u2019 longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"26","author":"Al-Jumaily M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Jumaily M, Jones B, Hayhurst C,  Long term neuropsychological outcome and management of \u2018decompensated\u2019 longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(5):717\u2013721.22468979"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"81","article-title":"Adult patients with \"asymptomatic\" and \"compensated\" hydrocephalus benefit from surgery","volume":"99","author":"Larsson A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Larsson A, Stephensen H, Wikkels\u00f8 C. Adult patients with \"asymptomatic\" and \"compensated\" hydrocephalus benefit from surgery. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;99(2):81\u201390.10071165"},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"933","article-title":"Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"92","author":"Oi S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oi S, Shimoda M, Shibata M,  Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(6):933\u2013940.10839252"},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"662","article-title":"Proposal of \"evolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\" and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain","volume":"22","author":"Oi S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oi S, Di Rocco C. Proposal of \"evolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\" and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(7):662\u2013669.16685545"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"741","article-title":"Natural history of ventriculomegaly in adults: a cluster analysis","volume":"132","author":"Craven CL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Craven CL, Ramkumar R, D\u2019Antona L,  Natural history of ventriculomegaly in adults: a cluster analysis. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(3):741\u2013748.30771787"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"71","article-title":"Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA)","volume":"159","author":"Ved R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ved R, Leach P, Patel C. Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(1):71\u201379.27807671"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"605","article-title":"LOVA: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and a new proposal for diagnostic criteria","volume":"40","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Botella G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Botella G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda L, Carrasco-Brenes A, Ros-L\u00f3pez B, Arr\u00e1ez-S\u00e1nchez M\u00c1. LOVA: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and a new proposal for diagnostic criteria. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(4):605\u2013611."},{"issue":"8","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"362","article-title":"Neuropsychological changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"49","author":"Hamada H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamada H, Hayashi N, Kurimoto M, Takaiwa A, Kurosaki K, Endo S. Neuropsychological changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2009;49(8):362\u2013364.19707003"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"24","article-title":"Neuropsychophysiological findings in a case of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA)","volume":"385","author":"Canu EDG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Canu EDG, Magnano I, Paulus KS,  Neuropsychophysiological findings in a case of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA). Neurosci Lett. 2005;385(1):24\u201329."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"21","article-title":"Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus","volume":"12","author":"Kiefer M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI, Strowitzki M. Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12(1):21\u201326.15639406"},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"109","article-title":"Gravitational shunts in longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"57","author":"Kiefer M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiefer M, Eymann R, Strowitzki M, Steudel WI. Gravitational shunts in longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(1):109\u2013119.15987546"},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"64","article-title":"Utilidad de la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal en pacientes con ventriculomegalia marcada de larga evoluci\u00f3n","volume":"26","author":"Horcajadas Almansa  \u00c1","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horcajadas Almansa  \u00c1, Cordero Tous N, Rom\u00e1n Cutillas A,  Utilidad de la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal en pacientes con ventriculomegalia marcada de larga evoluci\u00f3n. Neurocirugia (Astur). 2015;26(2):64\u201372."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"220","article-title":"The pathophysiology of chronic noncommunicating hydrocephalus: lessons from continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and ventricular infusion testing","volume":"129","author":"Eide PK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eide PK. The pathophysiology of chronic noncommunicating hydrocephalus: lessons from continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and ventricular infusion testing. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(1):220\u2013233.28799879"},{"issue":"12","key":"b18","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"3343","article-title":"Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) with patent aqueduct: surgical outcome and etiopathogenesis of a possibly distinct form of chronic hydrocephalus","volume":"163","author":"Palandri G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palandri G, Carretta A, La Corte E, Mazzatenta D, Conti A. Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) with patent aqueduct: surgical outcome and etiopathogenesis of a possibly distinct form of chronic hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(12):3343\u20133352.34491433"},{"issue":"3 suppl","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S17","article-title":"The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Marmarou A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N, Black PML. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 suppl):S17\u2013S28.16160426"},{"issue":"6","key":"b20","series-title":"I. Rationale and method. Neurology","first-page":"534","article-title":"A simple constant-infusion manometric test for measurement of CSF absorption","volume":"20","author":"Katzman R","year":"1970","unstructured":"Katzman R, Hussey F. A simple constant-infusion manometric test for measurement of CSF absorption. I. Rationale and method. Neurology. 1970;20(6):534\u2013544.5463608"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2022","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022."},{"issue":"6 suppl","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"459","article-title":"Expression of the water-channel protein aquaporin 4 in the H-Tx rat: possible compensatory role in spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus","volume":"105","author":"Shen XQ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shen XQ, Miyajima M, Ogino I, Arai H. Expression of the water-channel protein aquaporin 4 in the H-Tx rat: possible compensatory role in spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(6 suppl):459\u2013464.17184078"},{"issue":"7","key":"b23","series-title":"Ann Biomed Eng","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement","volume":"37","author":"Linninger AA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linninger AA, Sweetman B, Penn R. Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009;37(7):1434\u20131447.19373558"},{"issue":"23","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Practice guideline: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: response to shunting and predictors of response. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"85","author":"Halperin JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halperin JJ, Kurlan R, Schwalb JM, Cusimano MD, Gronseth G, Gloss D. Practice guideline: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: response to shunting and predictors of response. Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2015;85(23):2063\u20132071."},{"issue":"11","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"775","article-title":"Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: second edition","volume":"52","author":"Mori E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mori E, Ishikawa M, Kato T,  Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: second edition. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(11):775\u2013809.23183074"},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Biomechanics of the Brain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller K, ed.Biomechanics of the Brain. Springer;2011."},{"issue":"5","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"43","author":"Marmarou A","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Shulman K, LaMorgese J. Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system. J Neurosurg. 1975;43(5):523\u2013534.1181384"},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"159","article-title":"CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and bolus infusions","volume":"87","author":"Tans JT","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tans JT, Poortvliet DCJ. CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and bolus infusions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1985;87(3):159\u2013165.4053471"},{"issue":"6","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"819","article-title":"Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries","volume":"56","author":"Shapiro K","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shapiro K, Marmarou A. Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries. J Neurosurg. 1982;56(6):819\u2013825.7077382"},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"An experimental evaluation in cats. J Neurosurg","first-page":"532","article-title":"The physiological basis of intracranial pressure change with progressive epidural brain compression","volume":"47","author":"Sullivan HG","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sullivan HG, Miller JD, Becker DP, Flora RE, Allen GA. The physiological basis of intracranial pressure change with progressive epidural brain compression. An experimental evaluation in cats. J Neurosurg. 1977;47(4):532\u2013550.903806"},{"issue":"5","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"549","article-title":"Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on an observational study","volume":"60","author":"Czosnyka M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Czosnyka M, Whitehouse H, Smielewski P, Simac S, Pickard JD. Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on an observational study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60(5):549\u2013558."},{"issue":"6","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics","volume":"85","author":"Marmarou A","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Foda MA, Bandoh K,  Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics. J Neurosurg. 1996;85(6):1026\u20131035.8929491"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): diagnostic aspects, CSF dynamics with lumbar infusion test and treatment options in a consecutive series with long-term follow-up","volume":"156","author":"Tuniz F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuniz F, Fabbro S, Piccolo D,  Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): diagnostic aspects, CSF dynamics with lumbar infusion test and treatment options in a consecutive series with long-term follow-up. World Neurosurg. 2021;156:e30\u2013e40."},{"issue":"2","key":"b34","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"98","article-title":"Extraventricular intracisternal obstructive hydrocephalus\u2014a hypothesis to explain successful 3rd ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus","volume":"38","author":"Kehler U","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kehler U, Gliemroth J. Extraventricular intracisternal obstructive hydrocephalus\u2014a hypothesis to explain successful 3rd ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2003;38(2):98\u2013101.12566844"},{"issue":"6","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1858","article-title":"Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna","volume":"124","author":"Kageyama H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kageyama H, Miyajima M, Ogino I,  Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(6):1858\u20131866.26636390"},{"issue":"12","key":"b36","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"2319","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children with third ventricular pressure gradient and open ventricular outlets on MRI","volume":"35","author":"Al-Hakim S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Hakim S, Schaumann A, Tietze A, Schulz M, Thomale UW. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children with third ventricular pressure gradient and open ventricular outlets on MRI. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(12):2319\u20132326.31654263"},{"issue":"10","key":"b37","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Intraventricular or lumbar infusion test in adult communicating hydrocephalus? Practical consequences and clinical outcome of shunt operation","volume":"147","author":"Bech-Azeddine R","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bech-Azeddine R, Gjerris F, Waldemar G, Czosnyka M, Juhler M. Intraventricular or lumbar infusion test in adult communicating hydrocephalus? Practical consequences and clinical outcome of shunt operation. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(10):1027\u20131036.16044359"},{"issue":"1","key":"b38","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"56","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic surgery for specific forms of hydrocephalus","volume":"15","author":"Oi S","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oi S, Hidaka M, Honda Y,  Neuroendoscopic surgery for specific forms of hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 1999;15(1):56\u201368.10066021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"37","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) needing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with double programmable pressure valves","volume":"40","author":"Ono K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ono K, Hatada J, Yamada M. Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) needing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with double programmable pressure valves. Article in Japanese. No Shinkei Geka. 2012;40(1):37\u201342.22223521"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, the perfect treatment for the proper diagnosis","volume":"149","author":"Bianchi F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bianchi F, Ducoli G, Moriconi F, Chieffo DPR, Anile C, Tamburrini G. Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, the perfect treatment for the proper diagnosis. World Neurosurg. 2021;149:104\u2013110.33578027"},{"issue":"3","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients","volume":"41","author":"Isaacs AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isaacs AM, Bezchlibnyk YB, Yong H,  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;41(3):E3.27581315"},{"issue":"5","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"861","article-title":"The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"110","author":"Jenkinson MD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jenkinson MD, Hayhurst C, Al-Jumaily M, Kandasamy J, Clark S, Mallucci CL. The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(5):861\u2013866.19284240"},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"605","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus and symptomatic long-standing overt ventriculomegaly","volume":"12","author":"Balevi M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balevi M. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus and symptomatic long-standing overt ventriculomegaly. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(4):605\u2013612.29114272"},{"issue":"1","key":"b44","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"70","article-title":"Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis","volume":"50","author":"Tisell M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tisell M, Edsbagge M, Stephensen H, Czosnyka M, Wikkels\u00f8 C. Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(1):70\u201377.11844236"},{"issue":"4","key":"b45","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: pitfalls in treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"22","author":"Rekate HL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rekate HL. Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: pitfalls in treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;22(4):E6.17613195"},{"issue":"3","key":"b46","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"448","article-title":"Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children","volume":"90","author":"Cinalli G","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cinalli G, Sainte-Rose C, Chumas P,  Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(3):448\u2013454.10067912"},{"issue":"5","key":"b47","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"46","author":"Fukuhara T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fukuhara T, Vorster SJ, Luciano MG. Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(5):1100\u20131111.10807242"},{"issue":"4","key":"b48","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1926","article-title":"Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): a comparative case series between ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)","volume":"19","author":"Montemurro N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montemurro N, Indaimo A, Di Carlo DT, Benedetto N, Perrini P. Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): a comparative case series between ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):1926.35206112"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/54\/4\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/54\/4\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/54\/4\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1780733629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/54\/4\/article-pE8.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.1.focus22642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}