{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:26:43Z","timestamp":1780349203181,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have become the standard means to measure surgical outcomes. Insurers and policy makers are also increasingly utilizing PROs to assess the value of care and measure different aspects of a patient\u2019s condition. For cervical myelopathy, it is currently unclear which outcome measure best reflects patient satisfaction. In this investigation, the authors evaluated patients treated for cervical myelopathy to determine which outcome questionnaires best correlate with patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), a prospectively collected multi-institutional database, was used to retrospectively analyze patients undergoing surgery for cervical myelopathy. The North American Spine Society (NASS) satisfaction index, Neck Disability Index (NDI), numeric rating scales for neck pain (NP-NRS) and arm pain (AP-NRS), EQ-5D, and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis included 1141 patients diagnosed with myelopathy, of whom 1099 had an NASS satisfaction index recorded at any of the follow-up time points. Concomitant radiculopathy was an indication for surgery in 368 (33.5%) patients, and severe neck pain (NP-NRS \u2265 7) was present in 471 (42.8%) patients. At the 3-month follow-up, NASS patient satisfaction index scores were positively correlated with scores for the NP-NRS (r = 0.30), AP-NRS (r = 0.32), and NDI (r = 0.36) and negatively correlated with EQ-5D (r = \u22120.38) and mJOA (r = \u22120.29) scores (all p &lt; 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, scores for the NASS index were positively correlated with scores for the NP-NRS (r = 0.44), AP-NRS (r = 0.38), and NDI (r = 0.46) and negatively correlated with scores for the EQ-5D (r = \u22120.40) and mJOA (r = \u22120.36) (all p &lt; 0.001). At the 24-month follow-up, NASS index scores were positively correlated with NP-NRS (r = 0.49), AP-NRS (r = 0.36), and NDI (r = 0.49) scores and negatively correlated with EQ-5D (r = \u22120.44) and mJOA (r = \u22120.38) scores (all p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neck pain was highly prevalent in patients with myelopathy. Notably, improvement in neck pain\u2013associated disability rather than improvement in myelopathy was the most prominent PRO factor for patients. This finding may reflect greater patient concern for active pain symptoms than for neurological symptoms caused by myelopathy. As commercial payers begin to examine novel remuneration strategies for surgical interventions, thoughtful analysis of PRO measurements will have increasing relevance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.1.spine22888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T12:41:07Z","timestamp":1678452067000},"page":"521-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How closely are outcome questionnaires correlated to patient satisfaction after cervical spine surgery for myelopathy?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Zaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushikesh S.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufyan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgos D.","family":"Michalopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Linzey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamaan S.","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheerag","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Luke\u2019s Neurological and Spine Surgery, Kansas City, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domagoj","family":"Coric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altair Health Spine and Wellness, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Tumialan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altair Health Spine and Wellness, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren N.","family":"Gottfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khoi D.","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Slotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Glassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Health Serv Insights","first-page":"61","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)","volume":"6","author":"Weldring T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weldring T, Smith SM. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Health Serv Insights. 2013;6:61\u201368.25114561"},{"issue":"7","key":"b2","series-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14(7):409\u2013415.1834753"},{"issue":"6863","key":"b3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Policy for controlling pain after surgery: effect of sequential changes in management","volume":"305","author":"Gould TH","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gould TH, Crosby DL, Harmer M,  Policy for controlling pain after surgery: effect of sequential changes in management. BMJ. 1992;305(6863):1187\u20131193.1467721"},{"issue":"11","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain","volume":"30","author":"Childs JD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(11):1331\u20131334.15928561"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"286","article-title":"Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"4","author":"Benzel EC","year":"1991","unstructured":"Benzel EC, Lancon J, Kesterson L, Hadden T. Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Spinal Disord. 1991;4(3):286\u2013295.1802159"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e724","article-title":"Correlation between the Oswestry Disability Index and the North American Spine Surgery patient satisfaction index","volume":"139","author":"Yee TJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yee TJ, Fearer KJ, Oppenlander ME,  Correlation between the Oswestry Disability Index and the North American Spine Surgery patient satisfaction index. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:e724\u2013e729.32344134"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"736","article-title":"Does Neck Disability Index correlate with 12-month satisfaction after elective surgery for cervical radiculopathy? Results from a national spine registry","volume":"86","author":"Khan I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan I, Sivaganesan A, Archer KR,  Does Neck Disability Index correlate with 12-month satisfaction after elective surgery for cervical radiculopathy? Results from a national spine registry. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(5):736\u2013741.31268151"},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Quality Outcomes Database Spine Care Project 2012-2020: milestones achieved in a collaborative North American outcomes registry to advance value-based spine care and evolution to the American Spine Registry","volume":"48","author":"Asher AL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asher AL, Knightly J, Mummaneni PV,  Quality Outcomes Database Spine Care Project 2012-2020: milestones achieved in a collaborative North American outcomes registry to advance value-based spine care and evolution to the American Spine Registry. Neurosurg Focus. 2020;48(5):E2."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"741","article-title":"The North American Spine Society lumbar spine outcome assessment instrument: reliability and validity tests","volume":"21","author":"Daltroy LH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society lumbar spine outcome assessment instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(6):741\u2013749.8882698"},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis","first-page":"155","article-title":"EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D): an instrument for measuring quality of life. Article in Italian","volume":"78","author":"Balestroni G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balestroni G, Bertolotti G. EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D): an instrument for measuring quality of life. Article in Italian. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2012;78(3):155\u2013159.23614330"},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Kopjar B, Nouri A,  The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(1):78\u201384.27342612"},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Stat Softw","first-page":"1","article-title":"MICE: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren S","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CG. MICE: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1\u201367."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"Controlling false positive rates in research and its clinical implications","volume":"19","author":"Simas R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simas R, Maestri F, Normando D. Controlling false positive rates in research and its clinical implications. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(3):24\u201325.25162562"},{"issue":"7","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"943","article-title":"Are patient-reported outcomes predictive of patient satisfaction 5 years after anterior cervical spine surgery?","volume":"17","author":"Schroeder GD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schroeder GD, Coric D, Kim HJ, Albert TJ, Radcliff KE. Are patient-reported outcomes predictive of patient satisfaction 5 years after anterior cervical spine surgery? Spine J. 2017;17(7):943\u2013952.28254671"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"907","article-title":"Functional improvement in hand strength and dexterity after surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a prospective quantitative study","volume":"32","author":"Cole TS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cole TS, Almefty KK, Godzik J,  Functional improvement in hand strength and dexterity after surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a prospective quantitative study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32(6):907\u2013913."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"573","article-title":"Factors associated with return to work after surgery for degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy: cohort analysis from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","volume":"12","author":"Romagna A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romagna A, Wilson JR, Jacobs WB,  Factors associated with return to work after surgery for degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy: cohort analysis from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Global Spine J. 2022;12(4):573\u2013578."},{"issue":"18","key":"b17","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Trends in comorbidities and complications among patients undergoing inpatient spine surgery","volume":"45","author":"Wilson LA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson LA, Fiasconaro M, Liu J,  Trends in comorbidities and complications among patients undergoing inpatient spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(18):1299\u20131308.31593060"},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"341","article-title":"The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Mendelson A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendelson A, Kondo K, Damberg C,  The effects of pay-for-performance programs on health, health care use, and processes of care: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(5):341\u2013353."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/5\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/5\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/5\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:11:55Z","timestamp":1733490715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/38\/5\/article-p521.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.1.spine22888","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]}}}