{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:23:03Z","timestamp":1792790583228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"The 4K 3D exoscope system is becoming increasingly used in neurosurgery. Its 3D ultra-high-definition image is valuable in identifying and dissecting the delicate neural and vascular structures during microvascular decompression. In this video, the authors describe several nuances and details to perform the exoscopic microvascular decompression, including the exoscope layout and the modified supine position. Several illustrative case presentations highlight the benefits of exoscopic surgery. The authors\u2019 exoscopic microvascular decompression series of 159 patients showed noninferior surgical outcomes compared to the operative microscope with no significant increase in surgical risk. In conclusion, an exoscope can be a practical alternative to performing microvascular decompression.<\/jats:p>\n \n The video can be found here:\n https:\/\/stream.cadmore.media\/r10.3171\/2023.10.FOCVID23122<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.10.focvid23122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T23:49:20Z","timestamp":1704066560000},"page":"V12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exoscopic microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Toda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokuni","family":"Hashikata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"374","article-title":"Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Herta J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herta J, R\u00f6ssler K, Dorfer C. Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2022;23(5):374\u2013381."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"310","article-title":"The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression","volume":"103","author":"Nagata Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagatani T, Takeuchi K, Chu J, Wakabayashi T. The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression. World Neurosurg. 2017;103:310\u2013314."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"136","article-title":"The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects","volume":"124","author":"Ricciardi L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ricciardi L, Chaichana KL, Cardia A, The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects. World Neurosurg. 2019;124:136\u2013144."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"55","article-title":"Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases","volume":"61","author":"Shimizu T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Toyota S, Nakagawa K, Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2021;61(1):55\u201361."},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"705","article-title":"A high-definition 3D exoscope as an alternative to the operating microscope in spinal microsurgery","volume":"33","author":"Siller S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siller S, Zoellner C, Fuetsch M, Trabold R, Tonn JC, Zausinger S. A high-definition 3D exoscope as an alternative to the operating microscope in spinal microsurgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;33(5):705\u2013714."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"432","article-title":"Patterns and variations in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"55","author":"Toda H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toda H, Goto M, Iwasaki K. Patterns and variations in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2015;55(5):432\u2013441."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e460","article-title":"Novel technical variations and increased adhesive strength in the \"birdlime\" transposition technique for microvascular decompression","volume":"116","author":"Otani N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Otani N, Toyooka T, Takeuchi S, Tomiyama A, Wada K, Mori K. Novel technical variations and increased adhesive strength in the \"birdlime\" transposition technique for microvascular decompression. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e460\u2013e468."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Bridging veins and veins of the brainstem in microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm","volume":"45","author":"Toda H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toda H, Iwasaki K, Yoshimoto N, Bridging veins and veins of the brainstem in microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(1):E2."},{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"374","article-title":"Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Herta J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herta J, R\u00f6ssler K, Dorfer C. Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series. 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