{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:22:17Z","timestamp":1790889737096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n \n Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for low-grade glioma (LGG)\u2013related epilepsy. However, the goal of achieving both oncological radical resection and seizure freedom can be challenging. PET with [\n 11<\/jats:sup>\n C]methionine (MET) has been recently introduced in clinical practice for the management of patients with LGGs, not only to monitor the response to treatments, but also as a preoperative tool to define the metabolic tumor extent and to predict tumor grading, type, and prognosis. Still, its role in defining tumor-related epilepsy and postoperative seizure outcomes is limited. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the role of MET PET in defining preoperative seizure characteristics and short-term postoperative seizure control in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed temporal lobe low-grade gliomas (tLGGs).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Patients with newly diagnosed and histologically proven temporal lobe grade 2\/3 gliomas (2021 WHO CNS tumor classification) who underwent resection at the authors\u2019 institution between July 2011 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective study. MET PET images were acquired, fused with MRI scans, and qualitatively and semiquantitatively analyzed. Any eventual PET\/MRI involvement of the temporomesial area, seizure characteristics, and 1-year seizure outcomes were reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 52 patients with tLGGs met the inclusion criteria. MET PET was positive in 41 (79%) patients, with a median metabolic tumor volume of 14.56 cm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5\u201328.2 cm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ). The median maximum and mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR\n max<\/jats:sub>\n , TBR\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n ) were 2.24 (IQR 1.58\u20132.86) and 1.53 (IQR 1.37\u20131.70), respectively. The metabolic tumor volume was found to be related to the presence of seizures at disease onset, but only in noncodeleted tumors (p = 0.014). Regarding patients with uncontrolled seizures at surgery, only the temporomesial area PET involvement showed a statistical correlation both in the univariate (p = 0.058) and in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.030). At 1-year follow-up, seizure control was correlated with MET PET\u2013derived semiquantitative data. Particularly, higher TBR\n max<\/jats:sub>\n (p = 0.0192) and TBR\n mean<\/jats:sub>\n (p = 0.0128) values were statistically related to uncontrolled seizures 1 year after surgery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n This preliminary study suggests that MET PET may be used as a preoperative tool to define seizure characteristics and outcomes in patients with tLGGs. These findings need to be further validated in larger series with longer epileptological follow-ups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.11.focus23678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T07:35:34Z","timestamp":1706772934000},"page":"E6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The role of preoperative [11C]methionine PET in defining tumor-related epilepsy and predicting short-term postoperative seizure control in temporal lobe low-grade gliomas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Beatrice C.","family":"Bono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Ninatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza Brianza;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Raspagliesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo M.","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierina","family":"Navarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letterio S.","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Simonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Rodari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Sollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; and"},{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Chiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; and"},{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","first-page":"81","article-title":"Seizures in patients with low-grade gliomas\u2014incidence, pathogenesis, surgical management, and pharmacotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Kurzwelly D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurzwelly D, Herrlinger U, Simon M. Seizures in patients with low-grade gliomas\u2014incidence, pathogenesis, surgical management, and pharmacotherapy. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2010;35:81\u2013111."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Seizure control as a new metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment in low-grade glioma trials","volume":"19","author":"Avila EK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avila EK, Chamberlain M, Schiff D, Seizure control as a new metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment in low-grade glioma trials. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19(1):12\u201321."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"2627","article-title":"The persistence of seizures after tumor resection negatively affects survival in low-grade glioma patients: a clinical retrospective study","volume":"269","author":"Mazzucchi E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazzucchi E, Vollono C, Pauletto G, The persistence of seizures after tumor resection negatively affects survival in low-grade glioma patients: a clinical retrospective study. J Neurol. 2022;269(5):2627\u20132633."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"921","article-title":"Extent of surgical resection predicts seizure freedom in low-grade temporal lobe brain tumors","volume":"70","author":"Englot DJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Englot DJ, Han SJ, Berger MS, Barbaro NM, Chang EF. Extent of surgical resection predicts seizure freedom in low-grade temporal lobe brain tumors. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(4):921\u2013928."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"607","article-title":"New insights for predicting surgery outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"179","author":"Baciu M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baciu M, O\u2019Sullivan L, Torlay L, Banjac S. New insights for predicting surgery outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2023;179(6):607\u2013629."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"238","article-title":"Intracranial EEG analysis in tumor-related epilepsy: evidence of distant epileptic abnormalities","volume":"127","author":"Mittal S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mittal S, Barkmeier D, Hua J, Intracranial EEG analysis in tumor-related epilepsy: evidence of distant epileptic abnormalities. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(1):238\u2013244."},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"70","article-title":"Brain tumor-related epilepsy: a current review of the etiologic basis and diagnostic and treatment approaches","volume":"17","author":"Politsky JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Politsky JM. Brain tumor-related epilepsy: a current review of the etiologic basis and diagnostic and treatment approaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17(9):70."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"43","article-title":"Diffuse low-grade glioma-related epilepsy","volume":"30","author":"Pallud J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pallud J, McKhann GM. Diffuse low-grade glioma-related epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2019;30(1):43\u201354."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Brain Sci","first-page":"504","article-title":"The concept of \u00abperitumoral zone\u00bb in diffuse low-grade gliomas: oncological and functional implications for a connectome-guided therapeutic attitude","volume":"12","author":"Silva M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva M, Vivancos C, Duffau H. The concept of \u00abperitumoral zone\u00bb in diffuse low-grade gliomas: oncological and functional implications for a connectome-guided therapeutic attitude. Brain Sci. 2022;12(4):504."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging","first-page":"540","article-title":"Joint EANM\/EANO\/RANO practice guidelines\/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [18F]FDG: version 1.0","volume":"46","author":"Law I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Law I, Albert NL, Arbizu J, Joint EANM\/EANO\/RANO practice guidelines\/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [18F]FDG: version 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(3):540\u2013557."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Albert NL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albert NL, Weller M, Suchorska B, Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(9):1199\u20131208."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e270","article-title":"Lower grade gliomas: relationships between metabolic and structural imaging with grading and molecular factors","volume":"126","author":"Riva M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riva M, Lopci E, Castellano A, Lower grade gliomas: relationships between metabolic and structural imaging with grading and molecular factors. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e270\u2013e280."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"585","article-title":"PET imaging in patients with brain metastasis-report of the RANO\/PET group","volume":"21","author":"Galldiks N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galldiks N, Langen KJ, Albert NL, PET imaging in patients with brain metastasis-report of the RANO\/PET group. Neuro Oncol. 2019;21(5):585\u2013595."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"744","article-title":"Amino acid positron emission tomography to monitor chemotherapy response and predict seizure control and progression-free survival in WHO grade II gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Roelcke U","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roelcke U, Wyss MT, Nowosielski M, Amino acid positron emission tomography to monitor chemotherapy response and predict seizure control and progression-free survival in WHO grade II gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(5):744\u2013751."},{"issue":"9","key":"b15","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Preoperative [11C]methionine PET to personalize treatment decisions in patients with lower-grade gliomas","volume":"24","author":"Ninatti G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ninatti G, Sollini M, Bono B, Preoperative [11C]methionine PET to personalize treatment decisions in patients with lower-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24(9):1546\u20131556."},{"issue":"7","key":"b16","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"837","article-title":"Recent developments and future directions in adult lower-grade gliomas: Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus","volume":"21","author":"Schiff D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schiff D, Van den Bent M, Vogelbaum MA, Recent developments and future directions in adult lower-grade gliomas: Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus. Neuro Oncol. 2019;21(7):837\u2013853."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol","first-page":"234","article-title":"11C-methionine uptake in secondary brain epilepsy","volume":"33","author":"Lopci E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopci E, Bello L, Chiti A. 11C-methionine uptake in secondary brain epilepsy. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2014;33(4):234\u2013236."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"35","article-title":"18Fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine-PET in long-term epilepsy associated glioneuronal tumors","volume":"52","author":"Kasper BS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kasper BS, Struffert T, Kasper EM, 18Fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine-PET in long-term epilepsy associated glioneuronal tumors. Epilepsia. 2011;52(1):35\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"409","article-title":"Differential kinetics of \u03b1-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan on PET in low-grade brain tumors","volume":"102","author":"Juh\u00e1sz C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Juh\u00e1sz C, Muzik O, Chugani DC, Differential kinetics of \u03b1-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan on PET in low-grade brain tumors. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(3):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"129","article-title":"Epileptic activity increases cerebral amino acid transport assessed by 18F-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine amino acid PET: a potential brain tumor mimic","volume":"58","author":"Hutterer M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hutterer M, Ebner Y, Riemenschneider MJ, Epileptic activity increases cerebral amino acid transport assessed by 18F-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine amino acid PET: a potential brain tumor mimic. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(1):129\u2013137."},{"issue":"8","key":"b21","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1231","article-title":"The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis DN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(8):1231\u20131251."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"522","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher RS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):522\u2013530."},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations on categories for extent of resection in diffuse glioma","volume":"149","author":"Karschnia P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karschnia P, Vogelbaum MA, van den Bent M, Evidence-based recommendations on categories for extent of resection in diffuse glioma. Eur J Cancer. 2021;149:23\u201333."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"583","article-title":"Response assessment in neuro-oncology (a report of the RANO group): assessment of outcome in trials of diffuse low-grade gliomas","volume":"12","author":"van den Bent MJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"van den Bent MJ, Wefel JS, Schiff D, Response assessment in neuro-oncology (a report of the RANO group): assessment of outcome in trials of diffuse low-grade gliomas. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(6):583\u2013593."},{"issue":"8","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1612","article-title":"Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Summary of the Second International Palm Desert Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies (1992)","volume":"43","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Engel J Jr. Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Summary of the Second International Palm Desert Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies (1992). Neurology. 1993;43(8):1612\u20131617."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and the surgical treatment of epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Engel J Jr. Clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg. 1993;6(2):240\u2013249."},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"51","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after supratotal resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas: a consecutive series with 11-year follow-up","volume":"158","author":"Duffau H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duffau H. Long-term outcomes after supratotal resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas: a consecutive series with 11-year follow-up. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(1):51\u201358."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Comput Biol Med","first-page":"67","article-title":"Multimodal data and machine learning for surgery outcome prediction in complicated cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Memarian N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Memarian N, Kim S, Dewar S, Engel J Jr, Staba RJ. Multimodal data and machine learning for surgery outcome prediction in complicated cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Comput Biol Med. 2015;64:67\u201378."},{"issue":"5","key":"b29","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"311","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy","volume":"345","author":"Wiebe S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311\u2013318."},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"903","article-title":"Prediction of post-surgical seizure outcome in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Feis DL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Feis DL, Schoene-Bake JC, Elger C, Wagner J, Tittgemeyer M, Weber B. Prediction of post-surgical seizure outcome in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:903\u2013911."},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"219","article-title":"Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for treatment outcome prediction in patients with epilepsy based on structural connectome data","volume":"118","author":"Munsell BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munsell BC, Wee CY, Keller SS, Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for treatment outcome prediction in patients with epilepsy based on structural connectome data. Neuroimage. 2015;118:219\u2013230."},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"527","article-title":"fMRI prediction of naming change after adult temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: activation matters","volume":"60","author":"You X","year":"2019","unstructured":"You X, Zachery AN, Fanto EJ, fMRI prediction of naming change after adult temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: activation matters. Epilepsia. 2019;60(3):527\u2013538."},{"issue":"2","key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas","volume":"108","author":"Chang EF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang EF, Potts MB, Keles GE, Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 2008;108(2):227\u2013235."},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"598","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations: what is normal and what is not?","volume":"50","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Engel J Jr, Bragin A, Staba R, Mody I. High-frequency oscillations: what is normal and what is not? Epilepsia. 2009;50(4):598\u2013604."},{"issue":"12","key":"b35","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Molecular imaging of brain tumor-associated epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Juh\u00e1sz C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juh\u00e1sz C, Mittal S. Molecular imaging of brain tumor-associated epilepsy. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(12):1049."},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","first-page":"81","article-title":"Seizures in patients with low-grade gliomas\u2014incidence, pathogenesis, surgical management, and pharmacotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Kurzwelly D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurzwelly D, Herrlinger U, Simon M. Seizures in patients with low-grade gliomas\u2014incidence, pathogenesis, surgical management, and pharmacotherapy. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2010;35:81\u2013111."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Seizure control as a new metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment in low-grade glioma trials","volume":"19","author":"Avila EK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avila EK, Chamberlain M, Schiff D, Seizure control as a new metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment in low-grade glioma trials. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19(1):12\u201321."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"2627","article-title":"The persistence of seizures after tumor resection negatively affects survival in low-grade glioma patients: a clinical retrospective study","volume":"269","author":"Mazzucchi E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mazzucchi E, Vollono C, Pauletto G, The persistence of seizures after tumor resection negatively affects survival in low-grade glioma patients: a clinical retrospective study. J Neurol. 2022;269(5):2627\u20132633."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"921","article-title":"Extent of surgical resection predicts seizure freedom in low-grade temporal lobe brain tumors","volume":"70","author":"Englot DJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Englot DJ, Han SJ, Berger MS, Barbaro NM, Chang EF. Extent of surgical resection predicts seizure freedom in low-grade temporal lobe brain tumors. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(4):921\u2013928."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"607","article-title":"New insights for predicting surgery outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"179","author":"Baciu M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baciu M, O\u2019Sullivan L, Torlay L, Banjac S. New insights for predicting surgery outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2023;179(6):607\u2013629."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"238","article-title":"Intracranial EEG analysis in tumor-related epilepsy: evidence of distant epileptic abnormalities","volume":"127","author":"Mittal S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mittal S, Barkmeier D, Hua J, Intracranial EEG analysis in tumor-related epilepsy: evidence of distant epileptic abnormalities. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(1):238\u2013244."},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"70","article-title":"Brain tumor-related epilepsy: a current review of the etiologic basis and diagnostic and treatment approaches","volume":"17","author":"Politsky JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Politsky JM. Brain tumor-related epilepsy: a current review of the etiologic basis and diagnostic and treatment approaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17(9):70."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"43","article-title":"Diffuse low-grade glioma-related epilepsy","volume":"30","author":"Pallud J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pallud J, McKhann GM. Diffuse low-grade glioma-related epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2019;30(1):43\u201354."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Brain Sci","first-page":"504","article-title":"The concept of \u00abperitumoral zone\u00bb in diffuse low-grade gliomas: oncological and functional implications for a connectome-guided therapeutic attitude","volume":"12","author":"Silva M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva M, Vivancos C, Duffau H. The concept of \u00abperitumoral zone\u00bb in diffuse low-grade gliomas: oncological and functional implications for a connectome-guided therapeutic attitude. Brain Sci. 2022;12(4):504."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging","first-page":"540","article-title":"Joint EANM\/EANO\/RANO practice guidelines\/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [18F]FDG: version 1.0","volume":"46","author":"Law I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Law I, Albert NL, Arbizu J, Joint EANM\/EANO\/RANO practice guidelines\/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [18F]FDG: version 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(3):540\u2013557."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Albert NL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albert NL, Weller M, Suchorska B, Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(9):1199\u20131208."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e270","article-title":"Lower grade gliomas: relationships between metabolic and structural imaging with grading and molecular factors","volume":"126","author":"Riva M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riva M, Lopci E, Castellano A, Lower grade gliomas: relationships between metabolic and structural imaging with grading and molecular factors. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e270\u2013e280."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"585","article-title":"PET imaging in patients with brain metastasis-report of the RANO\/PET group","volume":"21","author":"Galldiks N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galldiks N, Langen KJ, Albert NL, PET imaging in patients with brain metastasis-report of the RANO\/PET group. Neuro Oncol. 2019;21(5):585\u2013595."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"744","article-title":"Amino acid positron emission tomography to monitor chemotherapy response and predict seizure control and progression-free survival in WHO grade II gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Roelcke U","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roelcke U, Wyss MT, Nowosielski M, Amino acid positron emission tomography to monitor chemotherapy response and predict seizure control and progression-free survival in WHO grade II gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(5):744\u2013751."},{"issue":"9","key":"b15","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Preoperative [11C]methionine PET to personalize treatment decisions in patients with lower-grade gliomas","volume":"24","author":"Ninatti G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ninatti G, Sollini M, Bono B, Preoperative [11C]methionine PET to personalize treatment decisions in patients with lower-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24(9):1546\u20131556."},{"issue":"7","key":"b16","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"837","article-title":"Recent developments and future directions in adult lower-grade gliomas: Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus","volume":"21","author":"Schiff D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schiff D, Van den Bent M, Vogelbaum MA, Recent developments and future directions in adult lower-grade gliomas: Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus. Neuro Oncol. 2019;21(7):837\u2013853."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol","first-page":"234","article-title":"11C-methionine uptake in secondary brain epilepsy","volume":"33","author":"Lopci E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopci E, Bello L, Chiti A. 11C-methionine uptake in secondary brain epilepsy. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2014;33(4):234\u2013236."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"35","article-title":"18Fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine-PET in long-term epilepsy associated glioneuronal tumors","volume":"52","author":"Kasper BS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kasper BS, Struffert T, Kasper EM, 18Fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine-PET in long-term epilepsy associated glioneuronal tumors. Epilepsia. 2011;52(1):35\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"409","article-title":"Differential kinetics of \u03b1-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan on PET in low-grade brain tumors","volume":"102","author":"Juh\u00e1sz C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Juh\u00e1sz C, Muzik O, Chugani DC, Differential kinetics of \u03b1-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan on PET in low-grade brain tumors. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(3):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"129","article-title":"Epileptic activity increases cerebral amino acid transport assessed by 18F-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine amino acid PET: a potential brain tumor mimic","volume":"58","author":"Hutterer M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hutterer M, Ebner Y, Riemenschneider MJ, Epileptic activity increases cerebral amino acid transport assessed by 18F-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine amino acid PET: a potential brain tumor mimic. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(1):129\u2013137."},{"issue":"8","key":"b21","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1231","article-title":"The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis DN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(8):1231\u20131251."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"522","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher RS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):522\u2013530."},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations on categories for extent of resection in diffuse glioma","volume":"149","author":"Karschnia P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karschnia P, Vogelbaum MA, van den Bent M, Evidence-based recommendations on categories for extent of resection in diffuse glioma. Eur J Cancer. 2021;149:23\u201333."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"583","article-title":"Response assessment in neuro-oncology (a report of the RANO group): assessment of outcome in trials of diffuse low-grade gliomas","volume":"12","author":"van den Bent MJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"van den Bent MJ, Wefel JS, Schiff D, Response assessment in neuro-oncology (a report of the RANO group): assessment of outcome in trials of diffuse low-grade gliomas. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(6):583\u2013593."},{"issue":"8","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1612","article-title":"Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Summary of the Second International Palm Desert Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies (1992)","volume":"43","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Engel J Jr. Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Summary of the Second International Palm Desert Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies (1992). Neurology. 1993;43(8):1612\u20131617."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and the surgical treatment of epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Engel J Jr. Clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg. 1993;6(2):240\u2013249."},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"51","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after supratotal resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas: a consecutive series with 11-year follow-up","volume":"158","author":"Duffau H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duffau H. Long-term outcomes after supratotal resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas: a consecutive series with 11-year follow-up. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(1):51\u201358."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Comput Biol Med","first-page":"67","article-title":"Multimodal data and machine learning for surgery outcome prediction in complicated cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Memarian N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Memarian N, Kim S, Dewar S, Engel J Jr, Staba RJ. Multimodal data and machine learning for surgery outcome prediction in complicated cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Comput Biol Med. 2015;64:67\u201378."},{"issue":"5","key":"b29","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"311","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy","volume":"345","author":"Wiebe S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311\u2013318."},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"903","article-title":"Prediction of post-surgical seizure outcome in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Feis DL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Feis DL, Schoene-Bake JC, Elger C, Wagner J, Tittgemeyer M, Weber B. Prediction of post-surgical seizure outcome in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:903\u2013911."},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"219","article-title":"Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for treatment outcome prediction in patients with epilepsy based on structural connectome data","volume":"118","author":"Munsell BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munsell BC, Wee CY, Keller SS, Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for treatment outcome prediction in patients with epilepsy based on structural connectome data. Neuroimage. 2015;118:219\u2013230."},{"issue":"3","key":"b32","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"527","article-title":"fMRI prediction of naming change after adult temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: activation matters","volume":"60","author":"You X","year":"2019","unstructured":"You X, Zachery AN, Fanto EJ, fMRI prediction of naming change after adult temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: activation matters. Epilepsia. 2019;60(3):527\u2013538."},{"issue":"2","key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas","volume":"108","author":"Chang EF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang EF, Potts MB, Keles GE, Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 2008;108(2):227\u2013235."},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"598","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations: what is normal and what is not?","volume":"50","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Engel J Jr, Bragin A, Staba R, Mody I. High-frequency oscillations: what is normal and what is not? Epilepsia. 2009;50(4):598\u2013604."},{"issue":"12","key":"b35","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Molecular imaging of brain tumor-associated epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Juh\u00e1sz C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juh\u00e1sz C, Mittal S. Molecular imaging of brain tumor-associated epilepsy. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(12):1049."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/2\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:50:39Z","timestamp":1780131039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/2\/article-pE6.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.11.focus23678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}