{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:44:21Z","timestamp":1792172661458,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the most devastating forms of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). It commonly presents with seizures, which may contribute to poor neurological outcome following trauma. Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring may provide information on cerebral oxygenation and perfusion. In this study, the authors evaluated whether NIRS regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) values were associated with seizure activity confirmed by electroencephalography (EEG) and whether NIRS neuromonitoring could aid in seizure detection in patients with severe AHT.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients aged \u2264 18 years who were admitted to a quaternary urban pediatric hospital from 2016 to 2022 with severe AHT, who received NIRS and EEG monitoring during their hospital course. They evaluated clinical presentation and hospital course, including imaging findings, EEG findings, and NIRS rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nineteen patients with severe AHT were monitored with both EEG and NIRS. The median age was 3.4 months, and 14 patients experienced seizures confirmed by EEG. On average, rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values before, during, and after seizure did not differ significantly. However, within individual patients, bilateral regional NIRS rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (bilateral forehead region) was seen to rise in the hour preceding seizure activity and during periods of frequent seizure activity, confirmed by EEG in the bilateral frontal-midline brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the largest study to analyze NIRS and seizures confirmed by EEG in the severe AHT population. The relationship between NIRS values and seizures in this series of pediatric patients with severe AHT suggests that, overall, regional NIRS cannot predict early seizures. However, increased cerebral oxygenation preceding seizure activity and during seizure activity may be detected by regional NIRS in certain patients with local seizure activity. Future studies with larger sample sizes may help elucidate the relationship between seizures and cerebral oxygenation in different regions in severe pediatric AHT.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.11.peds23439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T16:54:30Z","timestamp":1713286470000},"page":"469-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in severe pediatric abusive head trauma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shih-Shan","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nankee K.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphia","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy M.","family":"Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy W.","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e20200203","article-title":"Abusive head trauma in infants and children","volume":"145","author":"Narang SK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narang SK, Fingarson A, Lukefahr J. 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