{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T06:01:44Z","timestamp":1781416904130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to examine the presence of concurrent venous thrombosis and COVID-19 infections in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n An analysis of all patients diagnosed with dAVF via cerebral angiography by the senior author was conducted, with special attention given to the presence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and COVID-19 infection. General demographics, clinical presentation, presence of CVST, and COVID-19 infection status were reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 30 patients with dAVFs were included in this study. Three patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (10%), with one of these patients developing CVST (33%) at 6 months postinfection. Of the 27 patients not infected with COVID-19, one was diagnosed with a likely chronic CVST at the time of presentation of dAVF (4%). A total of 11 case reports and 3 retrospective studies describing patients diagnosed with CVST at or after diagnosis of dAVFs have been reported in the literature. The incidence of dAVFs in patients with CVST has been reported as 2.4%, and the incidence of dAVF has reportedly increased five- to tenfold since the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n COVID-19 infections may pose as an emerging risk factor for the development of CVST and subsequent dAVF development. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this study presents the first cases in the literature describing a temporal relationship between COVID-19 and development of a dAVF with CVST. The effect of both COVID-19 and associated vaccines should be further assessed in future studies to examine its impact as an effect modifier on the association of dAVF and CVST.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.12.focus23794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1709276485000},"page":"E17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dural arteriovenous fistula in the setting of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and COVID-19 infection"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Allison S.","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Bounajem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Shoskes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Grandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"48","author":"Reynolds MR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynolds MR, Lanzino G, Zipfel GJ. 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Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(3):761\u2013770."},{"issue":"11","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with or without cerebral sinus thrombosis: analysis of 69 patients","volume":"75","author":"Tsai LK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsai LK, Jeng JS, Liu HM, Wang HJ, Yip PK. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with or without cerebral sinus thrombosis: analysis of 69 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(11):1639\u20131641."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"BMC Neurol","first-page":"131","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of dural arteriovenous fistulas secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a primary or secondary event?","volume":"23","author":"Huang X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang X, Shen H, Fan C, Chen J, Meng R. 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