{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T18:17:53Z","timestamp":1793989073966,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CSF leakage is a major complication after cranial surgery, and although fibrin sealants are widely used for reinforcing dural closure, concerns exist regarding their safety, efficacy, and cost. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), an autologous platelet concentrate, is readily available and inexpensive, making it a cost-effective alternative for commercially available fibrin sealants. This study aimed to demonstrate the noninferiority of L-PRF compared with commercially available fibrin sealants in preventing postoperative CSF leakage in supra- and infratentorial cranial surgery, with secondary outcomes focused on CSF leakage risk factors and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled interventional trial conducted at a neurosurgery department of a tertiary care center (UZ Leuven, Belgium), patients undergoing elective cranial neurosurgery were randomly assigned to receive either L-PRF (active treatment) or commercially available fibrin sealants (control) for dural closure in a 1:1 ratio.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 350 included patients, 328 were analyzed for the primary endpoint (44.5% male, mean age 52.3 \u00b1 15.1 years). Six patients (5 in the control group, 1 in the L-PRF group) presented with CSF leakage requiring any intervention (relative risk [RR] 0.20, one-sided 95% CI \u2212\u221e to 1.02, p = 0.11), confirming noninferiority. Of these 6 patients, 1 (in the control group) presented with CSF leakage requiring revision surgery. No risk factors for reconstruction failure in combination with L-PRF were identified. RRs for adverse events such as infection (0.72, 95% CI \u2212\u221e to 1.96) and meningitis (0.36, 95% CI \u2212\u221e to 1.25) favored L-PRF treatment, although L-PRF treatment showed slightly more bleeding events (1.44, 95% CI \u2212\u221e to 4.66).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dural reinforcement with L-PRF proved noninferior to commercially available fibrin sealants, with no safety issues. Introducing L-PRF to standard clinical practice could result in important cost savings due to accessibility and lower cost.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03812120 (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.12.jns232125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T16:55:44Z","timestamp":1713286544000},"page":"500-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin in cranial surgery: a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled noninferiority trial"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Birgit","family":"Coucke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy and the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"De Vleeschouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy and the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy and the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Van Calenbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy and the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Van Hoylandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Van Gerven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, UZ Leuven; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Theys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy and the Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1827","article-title":"The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Coucke B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coucke B, Van Gerven L, De Vleeschouwer S, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J, Theys T. The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(3):1827\u20131845."},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study","volume":"92","author":"Kinaci A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kinaci A, Slot EMH, Kollen M,  Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(6):1177\u20131182."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"490","article-title":"Costs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage: 1-year, retrospective analysis of 412 consecutive nontrauma cases","volume":"64","author":"Grotenhuis JA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grotenhuis JA. Costs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage: 1-year, retrospective analysis of 412 consecutive nontrauma cases. Surg Neurol. 2005;64(6):490\u2013494."},{"issue":"10","key":"b4","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Anaphylaxis to aprotinin in fibrin sealant","volume":"44","author":"Shirai T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shirai T, Shimota H, Chida K, Sano S, Takeuchi Y, Yasueda H. Anaphylaxis to aprotinin in fibrin sealant. Intern Med. 2005;44(10):1088\u20131089."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","first-page":"e3382","article-title":"Recalcitrant anaphylaxis associated with fibrin sealant: treatment with \"TISSEEL-ectomy\"","volume":"9","author":"Saffarzadeh M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saffarzadeh M, Mulpuri A, Arneja JS. Recalcitrant anaphylaxis associated with fibrin sealant: treatment with \"TISSEEL-ectomy\". 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Part B: sinus floor elevation, alveolar ridge preservation and implant therapy. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(2):225\u2013234."},{"issue":"10","key":"b36","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Effect of leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) on stability of dental implants. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Lyris V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyris V, Millen C, Besi E, Pace-Balzan A. Effect of leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) on stability of dental implants. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;59(10):1130\u20131139."},{"issue":"5","key":"b37","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"2461","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich fibrin for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Miron RJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miron RJ, Moraschini V, Fujioka-Kobayashi M,  Use of platelet-rich fibrin for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(5):2461\u20132478."},{"issue":"12","key":"b38","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2421","article-title":"Application of platelet-rich fibrin derivatives for mandibular third molar extraction related post-operative sequelae: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Bao M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bao M, Du G, Zhang Y, Ma P, Cao Y, Li C. Application of platelet-rich fibrin derivatives for mandibular third molar extraction related post-operative sequelae: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(12):2421\u20132432."},{"issue":"2","key":"b39","series-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)","first-page":"144","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin in single and multiple coronally advanced flap for type 1 recession: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Mancini L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mancini L, Tarallo F, Quinzi V, Fratini A, Mummolo S, Marchetti E. Platelet-rich fibrin in single and multiple coronally advanced flap for type 1 recession: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. 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