{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:47:44Z","timestamp":1787694464481,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is an important cause of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in adults and children. Traditionally, the surgical option of choice for mTLE includes a frontotemporal craniotomy and open resection of the anterior temporal cortex and mesial temporal structures. Although this technique is effective and durable, the neuropsychological morbidity resulting from temporal neocortical resections has resulted in the investigation of alternative approaches to resect the mesial temporal structures to achieve seizure freedom while minimizing postoperative cognitive deficits. Outcomes supporting the use of selective temporal resections have resulted in alternative approaches to directly access the mesial temporal structures via endoscopic approaches whose direct trajectory to the epileptogenic zone minimizes retraction, resection, and manipulation of surrounding cortex.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The authors reviewed the utility of the endoscopic transmaxillary, endoscopic endonasal, endoscopic transorbital, and endoscopic supracerebellar transtentorial approaches for the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. First, a review of the literature demonstrated the anatomical feasibility of each approach, including the limits of exposure provided by each trajectory. Next, clinical data assessing the safety and effectiveness of these techniques in the treatment of DRE were analyzed. An outline of the surgical techniques is provided to highlight the technical nuances of each approach.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The direct access to mesial temporal structures and avoidance of lateral temporal manipulation makes endoscopic approaches promising alternatives to traditional methods for the treatment of DRE arising from the temporal pole and mesial temporal lobe. A dearth of literature outlining clinical outcomes, a need for qualified cosurgeons, and a lack of experience with endoscopic approaches remain major barriers to widespread application of the aforementioned techniques. Future studies are warranted to define the utility of these approaches moving forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.4.jns221889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1687078902000},"page":"1604-1612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Utility of minimally invasive endoscopic skull base approaches for the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a review of current techniques and trends"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"H. Westley","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"McDowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Engel J Jr. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott-Raven; 1997."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"99","article-title":"Surgical pathology of drug-resistant partial epilepsy. A 10-year-experience with a series of 327 consecutive resections","volume":"4","author":"Pasquier B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pasquier B, P\u00e9oc\u2019H M, Fabre-Bocquentin B,  Surgical pathology of drug-resistant partial epilepsy. A 10-year-experience with a series of 327 consecutive resections. Epileptic Disord. 2002;4(2):99\u2013119."},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"b3","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Identification and preclinical testing of novel antiepileptic compounds","volume":"38","author":"Meldrum BS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meldrum BS. Identification and preclinical testing of novel antiepileptic compounds. Epilepsia. 1997;38 Suppl 9:S7-S15."},{"issue":"18","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1908","article-title":"Burden of uncontrolled epilepsy in patients requiring an emergency room visit or hospitalization","volume":"79","author":"Manjunath R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manjunath R, Paradis PE, Paris\u00e9 H,  Burden of uncontrolled epilepsy in patients requiring an emergency room visit or hospitalization. Neurology. 2012;79(18):1908\u20131916."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","first-page":"538","article-title":"Practice parameter: temporal lobe and localized neocortical resections for epilepsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, in association with the American Epilepsy Society and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurology.","volume":"60","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Engel J Jr, Wiebe S, French J,  Practice parameter: temporal lobe and localized neocortical resections for epilepsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, in association with the American Epilepsy Society and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurology.2003;60(4):538\u2013547."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"311","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy","volume":"345","author":"Wiebe S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311\u2013318."},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"922","article-title":"Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Engel J Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Engel J Jr, McDermott MP, Wiebe S,  Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307(9):922\u2013930."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"482","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and seizure control in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"McLachlan RS","year":"1997","unstructured":"McLachlan RS, Rose KJ, Derry PA, Bonnar C, Blume WT, Girvin JP. Health-related quality of life and seizure control in temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 1997;41(4):482\u2013489."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"353","article-title":"Etiology and significance","volume":"19","author":"Falconer MA","year":"1968","unstructured":"Falconer MA, Taylor DC. Surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. Etiology and significance. Arch Neurol. 1968;19(4):353\u2013361."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"b10","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"S65","article-title":"Surgical treatment of complex partial seizures: results, lessons, and problems","volume":"24","author":"Rasmussen TB","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rasmussen TB. Surgical treatment of complex partial seizures: results, lessons, and problems. Epilepsia. 1983;24(suppl 1):S65-S76."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"101","article-title":"Better object recognition and naming outcome with MRI-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Drane DL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drane DL, Loring DW, Voets NL,  Better object recognition and naming outcome with MRI-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015;56(1):101\u2013113."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1121","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal epilepsy: a case series analysis of outcomes and complications at 2-year follow-up","volume":"126","author":"Cajigas I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cajigas I, Kanner AM, Ribot R,  Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal epilepsy: a case series analysis of outcomes and complications at 2-year follow-up. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e1121\u2013e1129."},{"issue":"2","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"155","article-title":"The American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery position statement on laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"90","author":"Wu C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu C, Schwalb JM, Rosenow JM, McKhann GM II, Neimat JS. The American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery position statement on laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Neurosurgery. 2022;90(2):155\u2013160."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"857","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: systematic review and pooled estimates","volume":"52","author":"Sherman EMS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sherman EMS, Wiebe S, Fay-McClymont TB,  Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: systematic review and pooled estimates. Epilepsia. 2011;52(5):857\u2013869."},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0248785","article-title":"Facial memory ability and self-awareness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after anterior temporal lobectomy","volume":"16","author":"Hosokawa H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hosokawa H, Kanno S, Nishio Y,  Facial memory ability and self-awareness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after anterior temporal lobectomy. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248785."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Colloquium Sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, in Cooperation with the International League Against Epilepsy","first-page":"461","article-title":"The transventricular amygdala-hippocampectomy in temporal lobe epilepsy","author":"Niemeyer P","year":"1958","unstructured":"Niemeyer P. The transventricular amygdala-hippocampectomy in temporal lobe epilepsy. In: Baldwin M, Bailey P, eds.Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Colloquium Sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, in Cooperation with the International League Against Epilepsy. Charles C Thomas;1958:461-482."},{"issue":"11","key":"b17","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0224571","article-title":"Early economic evaluation of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) and epilepsy surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"Widjaja E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Widjaja E, Papastavros T, Sander B, Snead C, Pechlivanoglou P. Early economic evaluation of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) and epilepsy surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0224571."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"135","article-title":"Short-term cognitive changes after unilateral temporal lobectomy or unilateral amygdalo-hippocampectomy for the relief of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Goldstein LH","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goldstein LH, Polkey CE. Short-term cognitive changes after unilateral temporal lobectomy or unilateral amygdalo-hippocampectomy for the relief of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56(2):135\u2013140."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"76","article-title":"Neurocognitive efficiency following left temporal lobectomy: standard versus limited resection","volume":"79","author":"Wolf RL","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wolf RL, Ivnik RJ, Hirschorn KA, Sharbrough FW, Cascino GD, Marsh WR. Neurocognitive efficiency following left temporal lobectomy: standard versus limited resection. J Neurosurg. 1993;79(1):76\u201383."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"147","article-title":"Spectrum of surgical complications of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: a single-center study","volume":"21","author":"Ipekdal HI","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ipekdal HI, Karadas O, Erdogan E, Gokcil Z. Spectrum of surgical complications of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: a single-center study. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21(2):147\u2013151."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Morbidity in epilepsy surgery: an experience based on 2449 epilepsy surgery procedures from a single institution","volume":"110","author":"Tanriverdi T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanriverdi T, Ajlan A, Poulin N, Olivier A. Morbidity in epilepsy surgery: an experience based on 2449 epilepsy surgery procedures from a single institution. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(6):1111\u20131123."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"67","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcomes of subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy via a small craniotomy","volume":"125","author":"Yang PF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang PF, Zhang HJ, Pei JS,  Neuropsychological outcomes of subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy via a small craniotomy. J Neurosurg. 2016;125(1):67\u201374."},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"325","article-title":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Kang JY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang JY, Wu C, Tracy J,  Laser interstitial thermal therapy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2016;57(2):325\u2013334."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"424","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: how do we improve surgical outcome?","volume":"68","author":"Thom M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thom M, Mathern GW, Cross JH, Bertram EH. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: how do we improve surgical outcome? Ann Neurol. 2010;68(4):424\u2013434."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"165","article-title":"Role of the temporal pole in temporal lobe epilepsy seizure networks: an intracranial electrode investigation","volume":"129","author":"Abel TJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abel TJ, Woodroffe RW, Nourski KV,  Role of the temporal pole in temporal lobe epilepsy seizure networks: an intracranial electrode investigation. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(1):165\u2013173."},{"issue":"5","key":"b26","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"353","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcome following minimal access subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy","volume":"21","author":"Hill SW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hill SW, Gale SD, Pearson C, Smith K. Neuropsychological outcome following minimal access subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Seizure. 2012;21(5):353\u2013360."},{"issue":"5","key":"b27","series-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"649","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: past, present and future","volume":"267","author":"Castelnuovo P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castelnuovo P, Dallan I, Battaglia P, Bignami M. Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: past, present and future. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(5):649\u2013663."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-72283-1_4","article-title":"Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base: the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"33","author":"Cappabianca P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, De Divitiis O, Messina A, De Divitiis E. Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base: the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2008;33:151\u2013199."},{"issue":"6)(suppl","key":"b29","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Advantages and limitations of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base","volume":"82","author":"Kasemsiri P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasemsiri P, Carrau RL, Ditzel Filho LFS,  Advantages and limitations of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base. World Neurosurg. 2014;82(6)(suppl):S12\u2013S21."},{"issue":"3)(suppl 1","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"30","article-title":"Endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary approach to the rostral middle fossa","volume":"62","author":"Ong BC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ong BC, Gore PA, Donnellan MB, Kertesz T, Teo C. Endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary approach to the rostral middle fossa. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(3)(suppl 1):30\u201337."},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Transmaxillary approach to the anterior cavernous sinus: a microanatomic study","volume":"40","author":"Couldwell WT","year":"1997","unstructured":"Couldwell WT, Sabit I, Weiss MH, Giannotta SL, Rice D. Transmaxillary approach to the anterior cavernous sinus: a microanatomic study. Neurosurgery. 1997;40(6):1307\u20131311."},{"issue":"1","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"227","article-title":"Endoscopic anterior transmaxillary \"transalisphenoid\" approach to Meckel\u2019s cave and the middle cranial fossa: an anatomical study and clinical application","volume":"130","author":"Truong HQ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Truong HQ, Sun X, Celtikci E,  Endoscopic anterior transmaxillary \"transalisphenoid\" approach to Meckel\u2019s cave and the middle cranial fossa: an anatomical study and clinical application. J Neurosurg. 2018;130(1):227\u2013237."},{"issue":"1","key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"211","article-title":"Contralateral transmaxillary corridor: an augmented endoscopic approach to the petrous apex","volume":"129","author":"Patel CR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel CR, Wang EW, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Gardner PA, Snyderman CH. Contralateral transmaxillary corridor: an augmented endoscopic approach to the petrous apex. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(1):211\u2013219."},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"992","article-title":"The endoscopic anterior transmaxillary temporal pole approach for mesial temporal lobe epilepsies: a feasibility study","volume":"138","author":"Gonzalez-Martinez JA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Martinez JA, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Mallela AN,  The endoscopic anterior transmaxillary temporal pole approach for mesial temporal lobe epilepsies: a feasibility study. J Neurosurg. 2022;138(4):992\u20131001."},{"issue":"2","key":"b35","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"e92","article-title":"A novel sublabial anterior transmaxillary approach for medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative anatomic study","volume":"24","author":"Gardner PA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gardner PA, McDowell MM, Orhorhoro O, Snyderman CH, Gonzalez-Martinez J. A novel sublabial anterior transmaxillary approach for medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative anatomic study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023;24(2):e92\u2013e103."},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"473","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal resection of trigeminal schwannomas","volume":"26","author":"Raza SM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raza SM, Amine MA, Anand V, Schwartz TH. Endoscopic endonasal resection of trigeminal schwannomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2015;26(3):473\u2013479."},{"issue":"3","key":"b37","series-title":"Keio J Med","first-page":"152","article-title":"What are the limits of endoscopic sinus surgery?: the expanded endonasal approach to the skull base","volume":"58","author":"Snyderman CH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Snyderman CH, Pant H, Carrau RL, Prevedello D, Gardner P, Kassam AB. What are the limits of endoscopic sinus surgery?: the expanded endonasal approach to the skull base. Keio J Med. 2009;58(3):152\u2013160."},{"issue":"12","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approach to the middle cranial fossa through the cavernous sinus triangles: anatomical considerations","volume":"54","author":"Komatsu F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Komatsu F, Oda S, Shimoda M,  Endoscopic endonasal approach to the middle cranial fossa through the cavernous sinus triangles: anatomical considerations. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2014;54(12):1004\u20131008."},{"key":"b39","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e169","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approach to the anteromedial temporal fossa and mobilization of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus through the inferior orbital fissure and V1-V2 corridor: an anatomic study and clinical considerations","volume":"116","author":"Hanakita S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanakita S, Chang WC, Watanabe K,  Endoscopic endonasal approach to the anteromedial temporal fossa and mobilization of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus through the inferior orbital fissure and V1-V2 corridor: an anatomic study and clinical considerations. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e169\u2013e178."},{"issue":"4","key":"b40","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"881","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approach to the mesial temporal lobe: anatomical study and clinical considerations for a selective amygdalohippocampectomy","volume":"162","author":"Park HH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park HH, Ronconi D, Hanakita S,  Endoscopic endonasal approach to the mesial temporal lobe: anatomical study and clinical considerations for a selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(4):881\u2013891."},{"issue":"3","key":"b41","series-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)","first-page":"195","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal resection of a giant middle fossa epidermoid cyst","volume":"6","author":"Best J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Best J, Schneider JS, Turner JH. Endoscopic endonasal resection of a giant middle fossa epidermoid cyst. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2015;6(3):195\u2013197."},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"379","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele","volume":"12","author":"Mukae N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukae N, Kuga D, Murakami D,  Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:379."},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study","volume":"160","author":"Di Somma A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM,  Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(4):707\u2013720."},{"issue":"4","key":"b44","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"e267","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital approach to the middle fossa: qualitative and quantitative anatomic study","volume":"23","author":"Guizzardi G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guizzardi G, Mosteiro A, Hoyos J,  Endoscopic transorbital approach to the middle fossa: qualitative and quantitative anatomic study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2022;23(4):e267\u2013e275."},{"key":"b45","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e682","article-title":"Quantitative anatomical comparison of anterior, anterolateral and lateral, microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to the middle cranial fossa","volume":"134","author":"Saraceno G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saraceno G, Agosti E, Qiu J,  Quantitative anatomical comparison of anterior, anterolateral and lateral, microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to the middle cranial fossa. World Neurosurg. 2020;134:e682\u2013e730."},{"issue":"6","key":"b46","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1428","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic amygdalohippocampectomy: A feasibility investigation","volume":"120","author":"Chen HI","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen HI, Bohman LE, Loevner LA, Lucas TH. Transorbital endoscopic amygdalohippocampectomy: A feasibility investigation. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(6):1428\u20131436."},{"issue":"2","key":"b47","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"309","article-title":"Lateral orbitotomy approach for lesions involving the middle fossa: a retrospective review of thirteen patients","volume":"80","author":"Chabot JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chabot JD, Gardner PA, Stefko ST, Zwagerman NT, Fernandez-Miranda JC. Lateral orbitotomy approach for lesions involving the middle fossa: a retrospective review of thirteen patients. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(2):309\u2013322."},{"issue":"4","key":"b48","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results","volume":"131","author":"Jeon C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeon C, Hong CK, Woo KI,  Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results. J Neurosurg. 2019;131(4):1126\u20131135."},{"key":"b49","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1491","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors","volume":"122","author":"Lee MH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee MH, Hong SD, Woo KI,  Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1491\u2013e1504."},{"issue":"6","key":"b50","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E506","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital approach to mesial temporal lobe for intra-axial lesions: cadaveric study and case series (SevEN-008)","volume":"21","author":"Park HH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park HH, Roh TH, Choi S,  Endoscopic transorbital approach to mesial temporal lobe for intra-axial lesions: cadaveric study and case series (SevEN-008). Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021;21(6):E506\u2013E515."},{"issue":"6","key":"b51","series-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec","first-page":"321","article-title":"Lateral transorbital endoscopic access to the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex: initial clinical experience","volume":"77","author":"Chen HI","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen HI, Bohman LE, Emery L,  Lateral transorbital endoscopic access to the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex: initial clinical experience. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2015;77(6):321\u2013332."},{"issue":"4","key":"b52","series-title":"Vopr Neirokhir","first-page":"48","article-title":"The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the mediobasal temporal region","volume":"80","author":"Grigoryan YA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grigoryan YA, Sitnikov AR, Timoshenkov AV, Grigoryan GY. The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the mediobasal temporal region. Vopr Neirokhir. 2016;80(4):48\u201362."},{"issue":"4","key":"b53","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E177","article-title":"Supracerebellar transtentorial approach for occipital meningioma to maximize visual preservation: technical note","volume":"17","author":"Golub D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golub D, Mehan ND, Kwan K,  Supracerebellar transtentorial approach for occipital meningioma to maximize visual preservation: technical note. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;17(4):E177\u2013E183."},{"issue":"4","key":"b54","series-title":"Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg","first-page":"773","article-title":"The paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to the entire length of the mediobasal temporal region: an anatomical and clinical study","volume":"116","author":"T\u00fcre U","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00fcre U, Harput MV, Kaya AH,  The paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to the entire length of the mediobasal temporal region: an anatomical and clinical study. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(4):773\u2013791."},{"issue":"1","key":"b55","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"45","article-title":"The supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to posteromedial temporal lesions in children with refractory epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Weil AG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weil AG, Middleton AL, Niazi TN, Ragheb J, Bhatia S. The supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to posteromedial temporal lesions in children with refractory epilepsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(1):45\u201354."},{"issue":"6","key":"b56","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3749","article-title":"Endoscopic-enhanced supra-cerebellar trans-tentorial (SCTT) approach to temporo-mesial region: a multicenter study","volume":"45","author":"Coca A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coca A, Ganau M, Todeschi J,  Endoscopic-enhanced supra-cerebellar trans-tentorial (SCTT) approach to temporo-mesial region: a multicenter study. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(6):3749\u20133758."},{"issue":"4","key":"b57","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Safety of the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach for selective amygdalohippocampectomy","volume":"48","author":"Serra C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serra C, Akeret K, Staartjes VE,  Safety of the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach for selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Neurosurg Focus. 2020;48(4):E4."},{"issue":"11","key":"b58","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2149","article-title":"The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the posterior fusiform gyrus","volume":"158","author":"Chau AMT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chau AMT, Gagliardi F, Smith A,  The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the posterior fusiform gyrus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(11):2149\u20132154."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/139\/6\/article-p1604.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/139\/6\/article-p1604.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/139\/6\/article-p1604.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T10:44:32Z","timestamp":1716029072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/139\/6\/article-p1604.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.4.jns221889","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}}}