{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:43:51Z","timestamp":1792755831587,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the most common treatment for the neurological disorder hydrocephalus, has a failure rate of up to 98% within 10 years of placement, mainly because of proximal obstruction of the ventricular catheter (VC). The authors developed a new VC design modified with tethered liquid perfluorocarbon (TLP) and tested it in a porcine model of hydrocephalus. In this study, they aimed to determine if their TLP VC design reduced cell surface attachment and consequent shunt obstruction in the pig model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TLP VCs were designed to reduce drainage hole obstruction using modified TLP and slightly enlarged draining holes, but their number and placement remained very similar to standard VCs. First, the authors tested the device in nonhydrocephalic rats to assess biocompatibility. After confirming safety, they implanted the VCs in hydrocephalic pigs. Hydrocephalus was induced by intracisternal kaolin injections in 30-day-old domestic juvenile pigs. Surgical implantation of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (clinical control or TLP) was performed 10\u201314 days postinduction and maintained up to 30 days posttreatment. MRI was performed to measure ventricular volume before treatment and 10 and 30 days after treatment. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue and explanted VCs, intracranial pressure measurement, and clinical scoring were performed when the animals were euthanized.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TLP VCs showed a similar surgical feel, kink resistance, and stiffness to control VCs. In rats (biocompatibility assessment), TLP VCs did not show brain inflammatory reactions after 30 or 60 days of implantation. In pigs, TLP VCs demonstrated increased survival time, improved clinical outcome scores, and significantly reduced total attached cells on the VCs compared with standard clinical control VCs. TLP VCs exhibited similar, but not worse, results related to ventriculomegaly, intracranial pressure, and the local tissue response around the cortical shunt track in pigs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TLP VCs may be a strong candidate to reduce proximal VC obstruction and improve hydrocephalus treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.5.jns2355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T15:25:25Z","timestamp":1691249125000},"page":"627-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reduction of cell surface attachment in experimental hydrocephalus using a novel ventricular catheter with modified tethered liquid perfluorocarbon"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Garcia-Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saibal","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Horbatiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Limbrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Swarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Crouthamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Petroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simran","family":"Hehar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryann","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"},{"name":"AbbVie Inc., Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0204926","article-title":"Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Isaacs AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isaacs AM, Riva-Cambrin J, Yavin D,  Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0204926."},{"issue":"10020","key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"788","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in children","volume":"387","author":"Kahle KT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD Jr, Warf BC. Hydrocephalus in children. Lancet. 2016;387(10020):788\u2013799."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"381","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid shunting complications in children","volume":"52","author":"Hanak BW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hanak BW, Bonow RH, Harris CA, Browd SR. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting complications in children. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2017;52(6):381\u2013400."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"83","article-title":"Failure of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: part I: obstruction and mechanical failure","volume":"34","author":"Browd SR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Browd SR, Ragel BT, Gottfried ON, Kestle JR. Failure of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: part I: obstruction and mechanical failure. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;34(2):83\u201392."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"382","article-title":"Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Riva-Cambrin J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JR, Holubkov R,  Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(4):382\u2013390."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b6","series-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng","first-page":"91","article-title":"Hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunts: modes of failure and opportunities for improvement","volume":"44","author":"Jorgensen J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jorgensen J, Williams C, Sarang-Sieminski A. Hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunts: modes of failure and opportunities for improvement. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2016;44(1-2):91\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e6857","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in the emergency department: a review","volume":"12","author":"Ferras M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferras M, McCauley N, Stead T, Ganti L, Desai B. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in the emergency department: a review. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6857."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"213","article-title":"Toward a better understanding of the cellular basis for cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction: report on the construction of a bank of explanted hydrocephalus devices","volume":"18","author":"Hanak BW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanak BW, Ross EF, Harris CA, Browd SR, Shain W. Toward a better understanding of the cellular basis for cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction: report on the construction of a bank of explanted hydrocephalus devices. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;18(2):213\u2013223."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"45","article-title":"Characterization of a multicenter pediatric-hydrocephalus shunt biobank","volume":"17","author":"Gluski J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gluski J, Zajciw P, Hariharan P,  Characterization of a multicenter pediatric-hydrocephalus shunt biobank. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020;17(1):45."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"33","article-title":"A multicenter retrospective study of heterogeneous tissue aggregates obstructing ventricular catheters explanted from patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"18","author":"Hariharan P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hariharan P, Sondheimer J, Petroj A,  A multicenter retrospective study of heterogeneous tissue aggregates obstructing ventricular catheters explanted from patients with hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021;18(1):33."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Ventricular catheter development: past, present, and future","volume":"125","author":"Weisenberg SH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weisenberg SH, TerMaath SC, Seaver CE, Killeffer JA. Ventricular catheter development: past, present, and future. J Neurosurg. 2016;125(6):1504\u20131512."},{"issue":"11","key":"b12","series-title":"Nat Biotechnol","first-page":"1134","article-title":"A bioinspired omniphobic surface coating on medical devices prevents thrombosis and biofouling","volume":"32","author":"Leslie DC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leslie DC, Waterhouse A, Berthet JB,  A bioinspired omniphobic surface coating on medical devices prevents thrombosis and biofouling. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32(11):1134\u20131140."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"375","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon liquids in ophthalmology","volume":"39","author":"Peyman GA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peyman GA, Schulman JA, Sullivan B. Perfluorocarbon liquids in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(5):375\u2013395."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Discoveries (Craiova)","first-page":"e104","article-title":"Artificial blood: the history and current perspectives of blood substitutes","volume":"8","author":"Khan F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan F, Singh K, Friedman MT. Artificial blood: the history and current perspectives of blood substitutes. Discoveries (Craiova). 2020;8(1):e104."},{"issue":"9","key":"b15","series-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces","first-page":"8807","article-title":"Improvement of the biocompatibility and potential stability of chronically implanted electrodes incorporating coating cell membranes","volume":"11","author":"Wang B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang B, Yang P, Ding Y, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Improvement of the biocompatibility and potential stability of chronically implanted electrodes incorporating coating cell membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11(9):8807\u20138817."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"14973","article-title":"Slippery liquid infused fluoropolymer coating for central lines to reduce catheter associated clotting and infections","volume":"10","author":"Bandyopadhyay S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay S, Jones A, McLean A,  Slippery liquid infused fluoropolymer coating for central lines to reduce catheter associated clotting and infections. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14973."},{"issue":"7365","key":"b17","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"443","article-title":"Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity","volume":"477","author":"Wong TS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong TS, Kang SH, Tang SKY,  Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity. Nature. 2011;477(7365):443\u2013447."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"49","article-title":"A novel model of acquired hydrocephalus for evaluation of neurosurgical treatments","volume":"18","author":"McAllister JP II","year":"2021","unstructured":"McAllister JP II, Talcott MR, Isaacs AM,  A novel model of acquired hydrocephalus for evaluation of neurosurgical treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021;18(1):49."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"17","article-title":"Acquired hydrocephalus is associated with neuroinflammation, progenitor loss, and cellular changes in the subventricular zone and periventricular white matter","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Bonilla M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia-Bonilla M, Castaneyra-Ruiz L, Zwick S,  Acquired hydrocephalus is associated with neuroinflammation, progenitor loss, and cellular changes in the subventricular zone and periventricular white matter. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2022;19(1):17."},{"issue":"1005","key":"b20","series-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","first-page":"384","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the central nervous system of the pig","volume":"166","author":"Dickerson JW","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dickerson JW, Dobbing J. Prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the central nervous system of the pig. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1967;166(1005):384\u2013395."},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev","first-page":"728","article-title":"The use of pigs in neuroscience: modeling brain disorders","volume":"31","author":"Lind NM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lind NM, Moustgaard A, Jelsing J, Vajta G, Cumming P, Hansen AK. The use of pigs in neuroscience: modeling brain disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(5):728\u2013751."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"Perinatal ontogeny of brain growth in the domestic pig","volume":"223","author":"Pond WG","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pond WG, Boleman SL, Fiorotto ML,  Perinatal ontogeny of brain growth in the domestic pig. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;223(1):102\u2013108."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"Early Hum Dev","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt","volume":"3","author":"Dobbing J","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dobbing J, Sands J. Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt. Early Hum Dev. 1979;3(1):79\u201383."},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"78","article-title":"The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure","volume":"19","author":"Khodadadei F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khodadadei F, Arshad R, Morales DM,  The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2022;19(1):78."},{"key":"b25","series-title":"US patent 9,932,484","article-title":"Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces and biological applications thereof","author":"Aizenberg J","unstructured":"Aizenberg J, Hatton BD, Wong D, Ingber M, Super M, inventors; President and Fellows of Harvard College, assignee. Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces and biological applications thereof. US patent 9,932,484. April 3, 2018."},{"key":"b26","series-title":"US patent 10,245,355","article-title":"Modification of surfaces for fluid and solid repellency","author":"Ingber D","unstructured":"Ingber D, Leslie DC, Super M,  inventors; President and Fellows of Harvard College, assignee. Modification of surfaces for fluid and solid repellency. US patent 10,245,355. April 2, 2019."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"US patent application US20210369921A1","article-title":"Fluoropolymer based anti-thrombotic coatings","author":"Bandyopadhyay S","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay S, Jones AK, inventors; Freeflow Medical Devices LLC, assignee.. Fluoropolymer based anti-thrombotic coatings. US patent application US20210369921A1. December 2, 2021."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"US patent application US20210369379A1","article-title":"Packaging for medical devices coated with perfluorinated liquids or dispersions","author":"Bandyopadhyay S","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay S, Jones AK, inventors; Freeflow Medical Devices LLC, assignee. Packaging for medical devices coated with perfluorinated liquids or dispersions. US patent application US20210369379A1. December 2, 2021."},{"key":"b29","series-title":"US patent application PCT\/US22\/42520","article-title":"Hydrocephalus shunt","author":"Bandyopadhyay S","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay S, Jones AK, inventors; FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, assignee. Hydrocephalus shunt. US patent application PCT\/US22\/42520. September 2, 2022."},{"key":"b30","series-title":"US provisional patent application 63\/426347","article-title":"Wetting medical devices and methods for implanting wetted medical devices in patients","author":"Bandyopadhyay S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay S, Jones A, inventors; FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, assignee.. Wetting medical devices and methods for implanting wetted medical devices in patients. US provisional patent application 63\/426347. 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"201","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure among children with hydrocephalus","volume":"24","author":"Piatt JH Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Piatt JH Jr, Garton HJ. Clinical diagnosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure among children with hydrocephalus. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24(4):201\u2013210."},{"issue":"2","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"202","article-title":"Predicting shunt failure on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs in children","volume":"94","author":"Garton HJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garton HJ, Kestle JR, Drake JM. Predicting shunt failure on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs in children. J Neurosurg. 2001;94(2):202\u2013210."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b33","series-title":"Article in Italian. Radiol Med (Torino)","first-page":"89","article-title":"Carcinomatous neuropathy in recurrent rectal carcinoma. The results of radiotherapy and the role of CT","volume":"78","author":"Gaeta M","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gaeta M, Russi EG, Pandolfo I,  Carcinomatous neuropathy in recurrent rectal carcinoma. The results of radiotherapy and the role of CT. Article in Italian. Radiol Med (Torino). 1989;78(1-2):89\u201393."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"80","article-title":"An immobilized liquid interface prevents device associated bacterial infection in vivo","volume":"113","author":"Chen J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Howell C, Haller CA,  An immobilized liquid interface prevents device associated bacterial infection in vivo. Biomaterials. 2017;113:80\u201392."},{"issue":"33","key":"b35","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"13182","article-title":"Liquid-infused structured surfaces with exceptional anti-biofouling performance","volume":"109","author":"Epstein AK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Epstein AK, Wong TS, Belisle RA, Boggs EM, Aizenberg J. Liquid-infused structured surfaces with exceptional anti-biofouling performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(33):13182\u201313187."},{"issue":"4","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"408","article-title":"Shunt failure due to intracranial migration of BioGlide ventricular catheters","volume":"7","author":"Chen HH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen HH, Riva-Cambrin J, Brockmeyer DL, Walker ML, Kestle JR. Shunt failure due to intracranial migration of BioGlide ventricular catheters. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;7(4):408\u2013412."},{"issue":"5","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"930","article-title":"Ventricular catheter trajectories from traditional shunt approaches: a morphometric study in adults with hydrocephalus","volume":"108","author":"Lind CR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lind CR, Tsai AM, Law AJ, Lau H, Muthiah K. Ventricular catheter trajectories from traditional shunt approaches: a morphometric study in adults with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2008;108(5):930\u2013933."},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl","first-page":"42","article-title":"Observations on the physiopathology of the CSF pulse and prevention of ventricular catheter obstruction in valve shunts","volume":"20","author":"Hakim S","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hakim S. Observations on the physiopathology of the CSF pulse and prevention of ventricular catheter obstruction in valve shunts. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 1969;20:42\u201348."},{"issue":"7","key":"b39","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e9287","article-title":"Shunt testing in vivo: illustration of partially obstructed ventricular catheter by in-growing choroid plexus","volume":"12","author":"Levrini V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levrini V, Czosnyka Z, Lawes I, Kolias AG, Mannion R. Shunt testing in vivo: illustration of partially obstructed ventricular catheter by in-growing choroid plexus. Cureus. 2020;12(7):e9287."},{"issue":"7","key":"b40","series-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol","first-page":"911","article-title":"Increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) but not transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF\u03b21) are associated with the severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse","volume":"40","author":"Jim\u00e9nez AJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez AJ, Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez LM, Dom\u00ednguez-Pinos MD,  Increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) but not transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF\u03b21) are associated with the severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2014;40(7):911\u2013932."},{"issue":"5","key":"b41","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"358","article-title":"Ventricular zone disruption in human neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"76","author":"McAllister JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"McAllister JP, Guerra MM, Ruiz LC,  Ventricular zone disruption in human neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2017;76(5):358\u2013375."},{"issue":"3","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"245","article-title":"Impact of ventricle size on neuropsychological outcomes in treated pediatric hydrocephalus: an HCRN prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Riva-Cambrin J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kulkarni AV, Burr R,  Impact of ventricle size on neuropsychological outcomes in treated pediatric hydrocephalus: an HCRN prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2022;29(3):245\u2013256."},{"issue":"3","key":"b43","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"267","article-title":"Relationship between ventricular size, white matter injury, and neurocognition in children with stable, treated hydrocephalus","volume":"16","author":"Kulkarni AV","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Donnelly R, Mabbott DJ, Widjaja E. Relationship between ventricular size, white matter injury, and neurocognition in children with stable, treated hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;16(3):267\u2013274."},{"issue":"5","key":"b44","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"775","article-title":"Ventricular volume and neurocognitive outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: is shunting a better option? A review","volume":"32","author":"Azab WA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azab WA, Mijalcic RM, Nakhi SB, Mohammad MH. Ventricular volume and neurocognitive outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: is shunting a better option? A review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32(5):775\u2013780."},{"key":"b45","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"196","article-title":"The view through the ventricle catheter\u2014the new ShuntScope for the therapy of pediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"48","author":"Senger S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Senger S, Antes S, Salah M, Tschan C, Linsler S, Oertel J. The view through the ventricle catheter\u2014the new ShuntScope for the therapy of pediatric hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;48:196\u2013202."},{"issue":"6","key":"b46","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1589","article-title":"What we should know about the cellular and tissue response causing catheter obstruction in the treatment of hydrocephalus","volume":"70","author":"Harris CA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris CA, McAllister JP II. What we should know about the cellular and tissue response causing catheter obstruction in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(6):1589\u20131602."},{"issue":"1","key":"b47","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"4","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation in children with hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction","volume":"18","author":"Harris CA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris CA, Morales DM, Arshad R, McAllister JP II, Limbrick DD Jr. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation in children with hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021;18(1):4."},{"issue":"1","key":"b48","series-title":"Commun Biol","first-page":"387","article-title":"A high-resolution real-time quantification of astrocyte cytokine secretion under shear stress for investigating hydrocephalus shunt failure","volume":"4","author":"Khodadadei F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khodadadei F, Liu AP, Harris CA. A high-resolution real-time quantification of astrocyte cytokine secretion under shear stress for investigating hydrocephalus shunt failure. Commun Biol. 2021;4(1):387."},{"issue":"12","key":"b49","series-title":"AIChE J","first-page":"e17485","article-title":"Response of astrocytes to blood exposure due to shunt insertion in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Zaranek M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaranek M, Arshad R, Zheng K, Harris CA. Response of astrocytes to blood exposure due to shunt insertion in vitro. AIChE J. 2021;67(12):e17485."},{"key":"b50","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","article-title":"Exploration of clinical predictors of the degree of ventricular catheter obstruction","author":"Hariharan P","unstructured":"Hariharan P, Gluski J, Sondheimer J,  Exploration of clinical predictors of the degree of ventricular catheter obstruction. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Published online July 21, 2022. doi:10.3171\/2023.5.PEDS22552"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p627.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p627.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p627.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T10:17:47Z","timestamp":1716632267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p627.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.5.jns2355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}