{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:23:52Z","timestamp":1791563032442,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper was to compare the predictive ability of the recalibrated Risk Analysis Index (RAI-rev) with the 5-item modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) for postoperative outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was performed using data of adult (age &gt; 18 years) ACDF patients obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database during the years 2015\u20132019. Multivariate modeling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve\/C-statistic calculation with the DeLong test, were performed to evaluate the comparative discriminative ability of the RAI-rev and mFI-5 for 5 postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the RAI-rev and mFI-5 were independent predictors of increased postoperative mortality and morbidity in a cohort of 61,441 ACDF patients. In the ROC analysis for 30-day mortality prediction, C-statistics indicated a significantly better performance of the RAI-rev (C-statistic = 0.855, 95% CI 0.852\u20130.858) compared with the mFI-5 (C-statistic = 0.684, 95% CI 0.680\u20130.688) (p &lt; 0.001, DeLong test). The results were similar for postoperative ACDF morbidity, Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications, nonhome discharge, and reoperation, demonstrating the superior discriminative ability of the RAI-rev compared with the mFI-5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RAI-rev demonstrates superior discrimination to the mFI-5 in predicting postoperative ACDF mortality and morbidity. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first study to document frailty as an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality after ACDF. The RAI-rev has conceptual fidelity to the frailty phenotype and may be more useful than the mFI-5 in preoperative ACDF risk stratification. Prospective validation of these findings is necessary, but patients with high RAI-rev scores may benefit from knowing that they might have an increased surgical risk for ACDF morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.5.spine221020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T12:12:01Z","timestamp":1688818321000},"page":"509-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Superior discrimination of the Risk Analysis Index compared with the 5-item modified frailty index in 30-day outcome prediction after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria F.","family":"Naftchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Faraz","family":"Kazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh;"},{"name":"Wolff Center at UPMC, Pittsburgh;"},{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh;"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Rawanduzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eris","family":"Spirollari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Graifman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek B.","family":"Asserson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose F.","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merritt D.","family":"Kinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meic H.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Inpatient versus outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a perioperative complication analysis of 259,414 patients from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases","volume":"11","author":"McClelland S III","year":"2017","unstructured":"McClelland S III, Passias PG, Errico TJ, Bess RS, Protopsaltis TS. 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