{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:30:17Z","timestamp":1790980217735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Preoperative grading of nonenhancing motor eloquent gliomas is hampered by a lack of specific imaging surrogates. Tumor grading is crucial for the informed consent discussion before tumor resection. In this paper, the authors hypothesized that navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS)\u2013derived metrics could provide significant information to distinguish between high- and low-grade motor eloquent gliomas that present as nonenhancing tumors and therefore contribute to improving patient counseling, timing of treatment, preoperative planning, and intraoperative strategies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients admitted for tumor surgery between January 2018 and April 2022 with a nonenhancing motor eloquent glioma and preoperative bilateral nTMS mapping. nTMS data including resting motor threshold (RMT), interhemispheric RMT ratio (iRMTr), Cortical Excitability Score (CES), area and volume of cortical activation, and motor evoked potential (MEP) characteristics were obtained and integrated with demographic and clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria, and 10 healthy participants were recruited for comparison. Seizures were the most common presenting symptom (25 patients) and WHO grade 3 the most common tumor grade (21 patients). The area and volume of functional cortical activation of both the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous muscles were decreased in healthy participants compared with patients with WHO grade 3 glioma (p &lt; 0.05). An abnormal iRMTr for the lower limbs (16.7% [1\/6] WHO grade 2, 76.2% [16\/21] WHO grade 3, 100% [3\/3] WHO grade 4; p = 0.015) and a higher CES (maximal abnormal CES: 0% [0\/6] WHO grade 2, 38% [8\/21] WHO grade 3, 66.7% [2\/3] WHO grade 4; p = 0.010) were associated with the prediction of high-grade lesions. A total of 7280 MEPs were analyzed. A significant increase in the amplitude and a significant decrease in latency in the MEPs for the first dorsal interosseous and abductor digiti minimi muscles (p &lt; 0.0001) were identified in healthy participants compared with WHO grade 3 glioma patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nonenhancing motor eloquent gliomas have a different impact on both anatomical and functional reorganization of motor areas according to their WHO grading.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.6.jns222443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T03:43:53Z","timestamp":1694835833000},"page":"909-919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nonenhancing motor eloquent gliomas: navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation oncobiological signature"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Lavrador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Rajwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Sibtain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, King\u2019s College Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyoumars","family":"Ashkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjeev","family":"Bhangoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"644198","article-title":"Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping usefulness in the surgical management of patients affected by brain tumors in eloquent areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Umana GE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Umana GE, Scalia G, Graziano F,  Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping usefulness in the surgical management of patients affected by brain tumors in eloquent areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2021;12:644198."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1578","article-title":"First United Kingdom experience of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in preoperative mapping of brain tumors","volume":"122","author":"Jung J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung J, Lavrador JP, Patel S,  First United Kingdom experience of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in preoperative mapping of brain tumors. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1578\u2013e1587."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Comparing navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping and \"gold standard\" direct cortical stimulation mapping in neurosurgery: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Jeltema HR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeltema HR, Ohlerth AK, de Wit A,  Comparing navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping and \"gold standard\" direct cortical stimulation mapping in neurosurgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(4):1903\u20131920."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"333","article-title":"Pre- and intraoperative mapping for tumors in the primary motor cortex: decision-making process in surgical resection","volume":"82","author":"Lavrador JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lavrador JP, Ghimire P, Brogna C,  Pre- and intraoperative mapping for tumors in the primary motor cortex: decision-making process in surgical resection. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2021;82(4):333\u2013343."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"297","article-title":"Functional MRI vs. navigated TMS to optimize M1 seed volume delineation for DTI tractography. A prospective study in patients with brain tumours adjacent to the corticospinal tract","volume":"13","author":"Weiss Lucas C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss Lucas C, Tursunova I, Neuschmelting V,  Functional MRI vs. navigated TMS to optimize M1 seed volume delineation for DTI tractography. A prospective study in patients with brain tumours adjacent to the corticospinal tract. Neuroimage Clin. 2016;13:297\u2013309."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"276","article-title":"Specific DTI seeding and diffusivity-analysis improve the quality and prognostic value of TMS-based deterministic DTI of the pyramidal tract","volume":"16","author":"Rosenstock T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosenstock T, Giampiccolo D, Schneider H,  Specific DTI seeding and diffusivity-analysis improve the quality and prognostic value of TMS-based deterministic DTI of the pyramidal tract. Neuroimage Clin. 2017;16:276\u2013285."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"535","article-title":"Presurgical navigated TMS motor cortex mapping improves outcome in glioblastoma surgery: a controlled observational study","volume":"126","author":"Picht T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Picht T, Frey D, Thieme S, Kliesch S, Vajkoczy P. Presurgical navigated TMS motor cortex mapping improves outcome in glioblastoma surgery: a controlled observational study. J Neurooncol. 2016;126(3):535\u2013543."},{"issue":"9","key":"b8","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Preoperative motor mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation improves outcome for motor eloquent lesions","volume":"16","author":"Krieg SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krieg SM, Sabih J, Bulubasova L,  Preoperative motor mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation improves outcome for motor eloquent lesions. Neuro Oncol. 2014;16(9):1274\u20131282."},{"issue":"10","key":"b9","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1813","article-title":"The preoperative use of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation facilitates early resection of suspected low-grade gliomas in the motor cortex","volume":"155","author":"Picht T","year":"2013","unstructured":"Picht T, Schulz J, Vajkoczy P. The preoperative use of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation facilitates early resection of suspected low-grade gliomas in the motor cortex. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(10):1813\u20131821."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Risk stratification in motor area-related glioma surgery based on navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation data","volume":"126","author":"Rosenstock T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosenstock T, Grittner U, Acker G,  Risk stratification in motor area-related glioma surgery based on navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation data. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(4):1227\u20131237."},{"issue":"5","key":"b11","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Risk assessment by presurgical tractography using navigated TMS maps in patients with highly motor- or language-eloquent brain tumors","volume":"12","author":"Sollmann N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sollmann N, Zhang H, Fratini A,  Risk assessment by presurgical tractography using navigated TMS maps in patients with highly motor- or language-eloquent brain tumors. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(5):1264."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"581","article-title":"Preoperative functional mapping for rolandic brain tumor surgery: comparison of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to direct cortical stimulation","volume":"69","author":"Picht T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Picht T, Schmidt S, Brandt S,  Preoperative functional mapping for rolandic brain tumor surgery: comparison of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to direct cortical stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2011;69(3):581\u2013588."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging: advanced adjuncts in preoperative planning for central region tumors","volume":"68","author":"Forster MT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Forster MT, Hattingen E, Senft C, Gasser T, Seifert V, Szel\u00e9nyi A. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging: advanced adjuncts in preoperative planning for central region tumors. Neurosurgery. 2011;68(5):1317\u20131325."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat","first-page":"197","article-title":"Cortical mapping with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in low-grade glioma surgery","volume":"8","author":"Paiva WS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paiva WS, Fonoff ET, Marcolin MA, Cabrera HN, Teixeira MJ. Cortical mapping with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in low-grade glioma surgery. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:197\u2013201."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"582262","article-title":"Evaluation of changes in preoperative cortical excitability by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with brain tumor","volume":"11","author":"Neville IS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neville IS, Gomes Dos Santos A, Almeida CC,  Evaluation of changes in preoperative cortical excitability by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with brain tumor. Front Neurol. 2021;11:582262."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"183","article-title":"Altered motor excitability in patients with diffuse gliomas involving motor eloquent areas: the impact of tumor grading","volume":"88","author":"Lavrador JP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavrador JP, Gioti I, Hoppe S,  Altered motor excitability in patients with diffuse gliomas involving motor eloquent areas: the impact of tumor grading. Neurosurgery. 2020;88(1):183\u2013192."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"671","article-title":"Incidence of high grade gliomas presenting as radiographically non-enhancing lesions: experience in 111 surgically treated non-enhancing gliomas with tissue diagnosis","volume":"147","author":"Eichberg DG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eichberg DG, Di L, Morell AA,  Incidence of high grade gliomas presenting as radiographically non-enhancing lesions: experience in 111 surgically treated non-enhancing gliomas with tissue diagnosis. J Neurooncol. 2020;147(3):671\u2013679."},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Continuous dynamic mapping of the corticospinal tract during surgery of motor eloquent brain tumors: evaluation of a new method","volume":"120","author":"Raabe A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raabe A, Beck J, Schucht P, Seidel K. Continuous dynamic mapping of the corticospinal tract during surgery of motor eloquent brain tumors: evaluation of a new method. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(5):1015\u20131024."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Front Hum Neurosci","first-page":"239","article-title":"TMSmap\u2014software for quantitative analysis of TMS mapping results","volume":"12","author":"Novikov PA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Novikov PA, Nazarova MA, Nikulin VV. TMSmap\u2014software for quantitative analysis of TMS mapping results. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:239."},{"issue":"8","key":"b20","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1231","article-title":"The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis DN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P,  The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(8):1231\u20131251."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"102435","article-title":"What do we know about pre- and postoperative plasticity in patients with glioma? A review of neuroimaging and intraoperative mapping studies","volume":"28","author":"Cargnelutti E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cargnelutti E, Ius T, Skrap M, Tomasino B. What do we know about pre- and postoperative plasticity in patients with glioma? A review of neuroimaging and intraoperative mapping studies. Neuroimage Clin. 2020;28:102435."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin","first-page":"221","article-title":"Primary motor cortex activation and lateralization in patients with tumors of the central region","volume":"2","author":"Tozakidou M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tozakidou M, Wenz H, Reinhardt J,  Primary motor cortex activation and lateralization in patients with tumors of the central region. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:221\u2013228."},{"issue":"11","key":"b23","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Plastic relocation of motor cortex in a patient with LGG (low grade glioma) confirmed by NBS (navigated brain stimulation)","volume":"154","author":"Takahashi S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Jussen D, Vajkoczy P, Picht T. Plastic relocation of motor cortex in a patient with LGG (low grade glioma) confirmed by NBS (navigated brain stimulation). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(11):2003\u20132008."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"471","article-title":"Preoperative motor system brain mapping using positron emission tomography and statistical parametric mapping: hints on cortical reorganisation","volume":"74","author":"Meyer PT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer PT, Sturz L, Sabri O,  Preoperative motor system brain mapping using positron emission tomography and statistical parametric mapping: hints on cortical reorganisation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(4):471\u2013478."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Clin Neuroradiol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Process of the functional reorganization of the cortical centers for movement in GBM patients: fMRI study","volume":"27","author":"Majos A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majos A, Bryszewski B, Ko\u015bla KN, Pfaifer L, Jask\u00f3lski D, Stefa\u0144czyk L. Process of the functional reorganization of the cortical centers for movement in GBM patients: fMRI study. Clin Neuroradiol. 2017;27(1):71\u201379."},{"issue":"1","key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"18","article-title":"Precentral glioma location determines the displacement of cortical hand representation","volume":"42","author":"Wunderlich G","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wunderlich G, Knorr U, Herzog H, Kiwit JC, Freund HJ, Seitz RJ. Precentral glioma location determines the displacement of cortical hand representation. Neurosurgery. 1998;42(1):18\u201327."},{"issue":"5","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Altered corticospinal microstructure and motor cortex excitability in gliomas: an advanced tractography and transcranial magnetic stimulation study","volume":"134","author":"Mirchandani AS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mirchandani AS, Beyh A, Lavrador JP, Howells H, Dell\u2019Acqua F, Vergani F. Altered corticospinal microstructure and motor cortex excitability in gliomas: an advanced tractography and transcranial magnetic stimulation study. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(5):1368\u20131376."},{"issue":"11","key":"b28","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0225323","article-title":"Fiber-tract localized diffusion coefficients highlight patterns of white matter disruption induced by proximity to glioma","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Souza S","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza S, Ormond DR, Costabile J, Thompson JA. Fiber-tract localized diffusion coefficients highlight patterns of white matter disruption induced by proximity to glioma. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0225323."},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"622358","article-title":"Detecting corticospinal tract impairment in tumor patients with fiber density and tensor-based metrics","volume":"10","author":"Fekonja LS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fekonja LS, Wang Z, Aydogan DB,  Detecting corticospinal tract impairment in tumor patients with fiber density and tensor-based metrics. Front Oncol. 2021;10:622358."},{"issue":"1","key":"b30","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD011551","article-title":"Magnetic resonance perfusion for differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas at first presentation","volume":"1","author":"Abrigo JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrigo JM, Fountain DM, Provenzale JM,  Magnetic resonance perfusion for differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas at first presentation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;1(1):CD011551."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"389","article-title":"Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation","volume":"60","author":"Penfield W","year":"1937","unstructured":"Penfield W, Boldrey E. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain. 1937;60(4):389\u2013443."},{"issue":"11","key":"b32","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3055","article-title":"A little man of some importance","volume":"140","author":"Catani M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Catani M. A little man of some importance. Brain. 2017;140(11):3055\u20133061."},{"issue":"5","key":"b33","series-title":"Brain Struct Funct","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Intraoperative mapping of pre-central motor cortex and subcortex: a proposal for supplemental cortical and novel subcortical maps to Penfield\u2019s motor homunculus","volume":"226","author":"Ghimire P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghimire P, Lavrador JP, Baig Mirza A,  Intraoperative mapping of pre-central motor cortex and subcortex: a proposal for supplemental cortical and novel subcortical maps to Penfield\u2019s motor homunculus. Brain Struct Funct. 2021;226(5):1601\u20131611."},{"issue":"4","key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Bicentric validation of the navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor risk stratification model","volume":"136","author":"Rosenstock T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosenstock T, H\u00e4ni L, Grittner U,  Bicentric validation of the navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor risk stratification model. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):1194\u20131206."},{"issue":"1","key":"b35","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"14936","article-title":"Long-latency interhemispheric interactions between motor-related areas and the primary motor cortex: a dual site TMS study","volume":"7","author":"Fiori F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fiori F, Chiappini E, Candidi M, Romei V, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Long-latency interhemispheric interactions between motor-related areas and the primary motor cortex: a dual site TMS study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14936."},{"issue":"4","key":"b36","series-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med","first-page":"208","article-title":"Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS)","volume":"58","author":"Klomjai W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klomjai W, Katz R, Lackmy-Vall\u00e9e A. Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS). Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;58(4):208\u2013213."},{"issue":"6","key":"b37","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"947","article-title":"How often are nonenhancing supratentorial gliomas malignant? A population study","volume":"59","author":"Scott JN","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scott JN, Brasher PM, Sevick RJ, Rewcastle NB, Forsyth PA. How often are nonenhancing supratentorial gliomas malignant? A population study. Neurology. 2002;59(6):947\u2013949."},{"key":"b38","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e346","article-title":"Low-grade glioma with foci of early transformation does not necessarily require adjuvant therapy after radical surgical resection","volume":"110","author":"Al-Tamimi YZ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Tamimi YZ, Palin MS, Patankar T,  Low-grade glioma with foci of early transformation does not necessarily require adjuvant therapy after radical surgical resection. World Neurosurg. 2018;110:e346\u2013e354."},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4608","article-title":"The mode and dynamics of glioblastoma cell invasion into a decellularized tissue-derived extracellular matrix-based three-dimensional tumor model","volume":"8","author":"Koh I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koh I, Cha J, Park J, Choi J, Kang SG, Kim P. The mode and dynamics of glioblastoma cell invasion into a decellularized tissue-derived extracellular matrix-based three-dimensional tumor model. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4608."},{"issue":"1","key":"b40","series-title":"Nat Neurosci","first-page":"91","article-title":"Invasion of white matter tracts by glioma stem cells is regulated by a NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop","volume":"22","author":"Wang J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Xu SL, Duan JJ,  Invasion of white matter tracts by glioma stem cells is regulated by a NOTCH1-SOX2 positive-feedback loop. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(1):91\u2013105."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/4\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/4\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/4\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T10:20:01Z","timestamp":1716632401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/4\/article-p909.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.6.jns222443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]}}}