{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1779282151530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this study was to ascertain specific patterns of electrical source imaging (ESI) that are associated with a good surgical outcome (no seizure recurrence) using 256-channel high-density (HD) electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) who underwent temporal lobectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adult patients (age \u2265 18 years) were prospectively recruited from September 2016 to May 2020 at the authors\u2019 center. All patients underwent phase I presurgical evaluation and were subsequently advised to proceed with surgery based on consensus from a multidisciplinary epilepsy conference, without knowing HD-ESI results. All recruited patients were followed for at least 12 months after surgery. The outcome of interest was a status of no seizure recurrence, which was assessed at the end of the study. The association between ESI patterns and outcome was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Associated p values as well as odds ratios and 95% CIs were reported. The diagnostic performance of the significant pattern associated with the outcome was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty-eight patients with known predictors for either good or worse surgical outcomes were recruited. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 33.34 (SD 13.88) months. Forty-seven patients had sufficient interictal epileptiform discharges for HD-ESI analysis. Thirteen of these 47 patients experienced seizure recurrence. The most common source localizations were at Brodmann area (BA) 20 (inferior temporal area) and BA 21 (middle temporal area). A specific ESI pattern of BA 21 without extratemporal sources was significantly associated with no seizure recurrence (p = 0.047). This pattern had a high positive predictive value of 100% and false-positive rate of 0% associated with no seizure recurrence following the surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A specific ESI pattern that was highly associated with no seizure recurrence following surgery was demonstrated by a 256-channel HD-EEG. If this pattern can be reproducibly proven in further studies, some TLE-HS patients may be able to proceed with surgery without further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.6.jns222695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T03:31:40Z","timestamp":1693020700000},"page":"880-891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High-density electric source imaging patterns and outcomes following temporal lobectomy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Chusak","family":"Limotai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeerawan","family":"Mokklaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bussakorn","family":"Sukaem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suda","family":"Jirasakuldej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supada","family":"Prakkamakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supatporn","family":"Tepmongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnapundha","family":"Bunyaratavej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence (CCEC), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Chen Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, Kwan P. 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