{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:11:13Z","timestamp":1793261473086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for the treatment of tremor-related disorders and other novel indications has been limited by guidelines advocating treatment of patients with a skull density ratio (SDR) above 0.45 \u00b1 0.05 despite reports of successful outcomes in patients with a low SDR (LSDR). The authors\u2019 goal was to retrospectively analyze the sonication strategies, adverse effects, and clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with SDR \u2264 0.4 treated for tremor using MRgFUS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical outcomes and adverse effects were assessed at 3 and 12 months after MRgFUS. Outcomes and lesion location, volume, and shape characteristics (elongation and eccentricity) were compared between the SDR groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 102 consecutive patients were included in the analysis, of whom 39 had SDRs \u2264 0.4. No patient was excluded from treatment because of an LSDR, with the lowest being 0.22. Lesioning temperatures (&gt; 52\u00b0C) and therapeutic ablations were achieved in all patients. There were no significant differences in clinical outcome, adverse effects, lesion location, and volume between the high SDR group and the LSDR group. SDR was significantly associated with total energy (rho = \u22120.459, p &lt; 0.001), heating efficiency (rho = 0.605, p &lt; 0.001), and peak temperature (rho = 0.222, p = 0.025).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 results show that treatment of tremor in patients with an LSDR using MRgFUS is technically possible, leading to a safe and lasting therapeutic effect. Limiting the number of sonications and adjusting the energy and duration to achieve the required temperature early during the treatment are suitable strategies in LSDR patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.6.jns23171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T23:07:51Z","timestamp":1693609671000},"page":"639-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Successful magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound treatment of tremor in patients with a skull density ratio of 0.4 or less"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Vetkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Boutet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"},{"name":"Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Sarica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Germann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Gwun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Functional Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Seoul;"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afnan","family":"Alkhotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardin","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin J. B.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cletus","family":"Cheyuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Santyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"},{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Iorio-Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, CHUS Research Center, University of Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Z.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Candeias da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto;"},{"name":"Krembil Research Institute, Toronto;"},{"name":"CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto; and"},{"name":"The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneil K.","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"},{"name":"Krembil Research Institute, Toronto;"},{"name":"CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto; and"},{"name":"The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto;"},{"name":"Krembil Research Institute, Toronto;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"654711","article-title":"Outcome and complications of MR guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Agrawal M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agrawal M, Garg K, Samala R, Rajan R, Naik V, Singh M. Outcome and complications of MR guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2021;12:654711."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"329","article-title":"Technical principles and clinical workflow of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound","volume":"99","author":"Meng Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng Y, Jones RM, Davidson B,  Technical principles and clinical workflow of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2021;99(4):329\u2013342."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Innovative applications of MR-guided focused ultrasound for neurological disorders","volume":"145","author":"Stavarache MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stavarache MA, Chazen JL, Kaplitt MG. Innovative applications of MR-guided focused ultrasound for neurological disorders. World Neurosurg. 2021;145:581\u2013589."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"63","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for ablation of mesial temporal epilepsy circuits: modeling and theoretical feasibility of a novel noninvasive approach","volume":"133","author":"Parker WE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parker WE, Weidman EK, Chazen JL,  Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for ablation of mesial temporal epilepsy circuits: modeling and theoretical feasibility of a novel noninvasive approach. J Neurosurg. 2019;133(1):63\u201370."},{"issue":"615","key":"b5","series-title":"Sci Transl Med","first-page":"eabj4011","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound enhances delivery of trastuzumab to Her2-positive brain metastases","volume":"13","author":"Meng Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng Y, Reilly RM, Pezo RC,  MR-guided focused ultrasound enhances delivery of trastuzumab to Her2-positive brain metastases. Sci Transl Med. 2021;13(615):eabj4011."},{"issue":"8","key":"b6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"730","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias WJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG,  A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(8):730\u2013739."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: technical note","volume":"44","author":"Wang TR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang TR, Bond AE, Dallapiazza RF,  Transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: technical note. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;44(2):E3."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"US Food and Drug Administration","article-title":"PMA P150038: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data (SSED). ExAblate Model 4000 Type 1.0 System (ExAblate Neuro)","unstructured":"PMA P150038: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data (SSED). ExAblate Model 4000 Type 1.0 System (ExAblate Neuro). US Food and Drug Administration. Accessed July 13, 2023. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf15\/P150038B.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1785","article-title":"The relevance of skull density ratio in selecting candidates for transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound","volume":"132","author":"Boutet A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boutet A, Gwun D, Gramer R,  The relevance of skull density ratio in selecting candidates for transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(6):1785\u20131791."},{"issue":"11","key":"b10","series-title":"Med Phys","first-page":"6588","article-title":"Patient-specific effects on sonication heating efficiency during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"48","author":"Yang AI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang AI, Hitti FL, Alabi OO,  Patient-specific effects on sonication heating efficiency during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Med Phys. 2021;48(11):6588\u20136596."},{"issue":"5","key":"b11","series-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract (Hoboken)","first-page":"701","article-title":"Factors associated with headache and nausea during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for tremor","volume":"8","author":"Cacho-Asenjo E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cacho-Asenjo E, Honorato-Cia C, Nu\u00f1ez-Cordoba JM,  Factors associated with headache and nausea during magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for tremor. Mov Disord Clin Pract (Hoboken). 2021;8(5):701\u2013708."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1780","article-title":"Technical and operative factors affecting magnetic resonance imaging\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: experience from 250 treatments","volume":"135","author":"Kim MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim MJ, Park SH, Chang KW,  Technical and operative factors affecting magnetic resonance imaging\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: experience from 250 treatments. J Neurosurg. 2021;135(6):1780\u20131788."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"712","article-title":"Factors related to successful energy transmission of focused ultrasound through a skull: a study in human cadavers and its comparison with clinical experiences","volume":"62","author":"Jung NY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung NY, Rachmilevitch I, Sibiger O, Amar T, Zadicario E, Chang JW. Factors related to successful energy transmission of focused ultrasound through a skull: a study in human cadavers and its comparison with clinical experiences. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2019;62(6):712\u2013722."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1392","article-title":"Impact of skull density ratio on efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound treatment of essential tremor","volume":"132","author":"D\u2019Souza M","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza M, Chen KS, Rosenberg J,  Impact of skull density ratio on efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound treatment of essential tremor. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(5):1392\u20131397."},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1618","article-title":"What factors impact the clinical outcome of magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor?","volume":"134","author":"Fukutome K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukutome K, Kuga Y, Ohnishi H, Hirabayashi H, Nakase H. What factors impact the clinical outcome of magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor?. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(5):1618\u20131623."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E477","article-title":"Letter: The role of skull thickness beyond the skull density ratio on MRgFUS thalamotomy feasibility: which patients should we exclude?","volume":"86","author":"Pineda-Pardo JA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pineda-Pardo JA, M\u00e1\u00f1ez-Mir\u00f3 JU, L\u00f3pez-Aguirre M,  Letter: The role of skull thickness beyond the skull density ratio on MRgFUS thalamotomy feasibility: which patients should we exclude?. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(5):E477\u2013E479."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"Yonsei Med J","first-page":"768","article-title":"Skull factors affecting outcomes of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for patients with essential tremor","volume":"60","author":"Chang KW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang KW, Park YS, Chang JW. Skull factors affecting outcomes of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for patients with essential tremor. Yonsei Med J. 2019;60(8):768\u2013773."},{"issue":"10","key":"b18","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3089","article-title":"Lesion location and lesion creation affect outcomes after focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"144","author":"Segar DJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Segar DJ, Lak AM, Lee S,  Lesion location and lesion creation affect outcomes after focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Brain. 2021;144(10):3089\u20133100."},{"issue":"12","key":"b19","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3405","article-title":"Focused ultrasound thalamotomy location determines clinical benefits in patients with essential tremor","volume":"141","author":"Boutet A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boutet A, Ranjan M, Zhong J,  Focused ultrasound thalamotomy location determines clinical benefits in patients with essential tremor. Brain. 2018;141(12):3405\u20133414."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Predictors of thermal increase in magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment for essential tremor: histogram analysis of skull density ratio values for 1024 elements","volume":"136","author":"Iijima K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iijima K, Yokota H, Yamaguchi T,  Predictors of thermal increase in magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment for essential tremor: histogram analysis of skull density ratio values for 1024 elements. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(5):1381\u20131386."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"50","article-title":"Comparison of the impact of skull density ratio with alternative skull metrics on magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"138","author":"Yuen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuen J, Goyal A, Kaufmann TJ,  Comparison of the impact of skull density ratio with alternative skull metrics on magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor. J Neurosurg. 2022;138(1):50\u201357."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes","first-page":"10","article-title":"Hyperostosis in combination with low skull density ratio: a potential contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"6","author":"Yuen J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuen J, Miller KJ, Klassen BT, Lehman VT, Lee KH, Kaufmann TJ. Hyperostosis in combination with low skull density ratio: a potential contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021;6(1):10\u201315."},{"issue":"10","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Ipsilateral and axial tremor response to focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: clinical outcomes and probabilistic mapping movement disorders","volume":"93","author":"Yamamoto K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Sarica CB, Elias GJ,  Ipsilateral and axial tremor response to focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: clinical outcomes and probabilistic mapping movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93(10):1049\u20131058."},{"issue":"5","key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"462","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"12","author":"Lipsman N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lipsman N, Schwartz ML, Huang Y,  MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(5):462\u2013468."},{"issue":"11","key":"b25","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"2653","article-title":"Bilateral Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor (BEST-FUS Phase 2 Trial)","volume":"36","author":"Iorio-Morin C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iorio-Morin C, Yamamoto K, Sarica C,  Bilateral Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor (BEST-FUS Phase 2 Trial). Mov Disord. 2021;36(11):2653\u20132662."},{"issue":"3","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"932","article-title":"Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor: a needed clarification. Letter","volume":"136","author":"Sarica C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarica C, Fomenko A, Iorio-Morin C,  Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor: a needed clarification. Letter. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(3):932\u2013933."},{"issue":"9","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"921","article-title":"Multimodal MRI for MRgFUS in essential tremor: post-treatment radiological markers of clinical outcome","volume":"91","author":"Kapadia AN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapadia AN, Elias GJB, Boutet A,  Multimodal MRI for MRgFUS in essential tremor: post-treatment radiological markers of clinical outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(9):921\u2013927."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","article-title":"MNI Display - software for visualization and segmentation of surfaces and volumes","author":"Vincent RD","unstructured":"Vincent RD, Buckthought A, MacDonald D. MNI Display - software for visualization and segmentation of surfaces and volumes. Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital. June 19, 2016. Accessed July 13, 2023. https:\/\/www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca\/software\/Display\/Display.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"1116","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich PA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC,  User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):1116\u20131128."},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"426","article-title":"Probabilistic mapping of deep brain stimulation: insights from 15 years of therapy","volume":"89","author":"Elias GJB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elias GJB, Boutet A, Joel SE,  Probabilistic mapping of deep brain stimulation: insights from 15 years of therapy. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(3):426\u2013443."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"751","article-title":"Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for refractory essential tremor: a Japanese multicenter single-arm study","volume":"88","author":"Abe K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abe K, Horisawa S, Yamaguchi T,  Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for refractory essential tremor: a Japanese multicenter single-arm study. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(4):751\u2013757."},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"743649","article-title":"magnetic resonance image guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. A single center experience with 160 procedures","volume":"13","author":"Lak AM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lak AM, Segar DJ, McDannold N, White PJ, Cosgrove GR. magnetic resonance image guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. A single center experience with 160 procedures. Front Neurol. 2022;13:743649."},{"issue":"8","key":"b33","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Ventralis intermedius thalamotomy with focused ultrasound for patients with low skull density ratio","volume":"34","author":"Yamamoto K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Ito H, Fukutake S, Kamei T, Yamaguchi T, Taira T. Ventralis intermedius thalamotomy with focused ultrasound for patients with low skull density ratio. Mov Disord. 2019;34(8):1239\u20131240."},{"issue":"5","key":"b34","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Zero TE MRI applications to transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound: patient screening and treatment efficiency estimation","volume":"50","author":"Caballero-Insaurriaga J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caballero-Insaurriaga J, Rodr\u00edguez-Rojas R, Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez R,  Zero TE MRI applications to transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound: patient screening and treatment efficiency estimation. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019;50(5):1583\u20131592."},{"issue":"2","key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"411","article-title":"Factors associated with successful magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment: efficiency of acoustic energy delivery through the skull","volume":"124","author":"Chang WS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang WS, Jung HH, Zadicario E,  Factors associated with successful magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment: efficiency of acoustic energy delivery through the skull. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(2):411\u2013416."},{"issue":"12","key":"b36","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for patients with medication-refractory, tremor-dominant Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Bond AE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bond AE, Shah BB, Huss DS,  Safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for patients with medication-refractory, tremor-dominant Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(12):1412\u20131418."},{"issue":"7","key":"b37","series-title":"Med Phys","first-page":"2925","article-title":"The reduction in treatment efficiency at high acoustic powers during MR-guided transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"45","author":"Hughes A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hughes A, Huang Y, Schwartz ML, Hynynen K. The reduction in treatment efficiency at high acoustic powers during MR-guided transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Med Phys. 2018;45(7):2925\u20132936."},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosci","first-page":"293","article-title":"The efficacy of bisphosphonate to increase the skull density ratio of MRI-guided focused ultrasound candidates with brain disorders","volume":"10","author":"Ito H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ito H, Rumia J, Fukutake S,  The efficacy of bisphosphonate to increase the skull density ratio of MRI-guided focused ultrasound candidates with brain disorders. J Neurol Neurosci. 2019;10(2):293."},{"issue":"12","key":"b39","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"2327","article-title":"Echo-focusing in transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a feasibility study","volume":"35","author":"Jones RM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jones RM, Huang Y, Meng Y,  Echo-focusing in transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a feasibility study. Mov Disord. 2020;35(12):2327\u20132333."},{"issue":"1","key":"b40","series-title":"J Ther Ultrasound","first-page":"7","article-title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation enhancement in vivo via phase-shift nanodroplets compared to microbubbles","volume":"3","author":"Moyer LC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moyer LC, Timbie KF, Sheeran PS, Price RJ, Miller GW, Dayton PA. High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation enhancement in vivo via phase-shift nanodroplets compared to microbubbles. J Ther Ultrasound. 2015;3(1):7."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p639.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p639.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p639.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T06:18:30Z","timestamp":1716617910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p639.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.6.jns23171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}